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TEKNOLOJİK GELİŞMENİN İSTİHDAM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİ ÜZERİNE SEKTÖREL BİR ANALİZ

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 481 - 491, 26.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.902007

Abstract

Bir teknolojik gelişme göstergesi olan Arge harcamaları, yeni üretim süreçlerinin belirlenmesinde ve uygulanmasında önemli bir faktördür. Teknolojik gelişme, sektörler arasında yapısal değişikliklere neden olan bir olgudur. Üretim sürecinde üretim faktörlerinin ikame edilmesini etkileyen teknolojik ilerleme, ilgili sektörlerin istihdam yapısını da etkilemektedir. İşgücü talebi, yeni üretim teknolojilerine adaptasyon sürecinde endüstrilerin teknoloji yoğunluğuna göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı 1996-2017 döneminde Arge harcamalarının sektörel istihdam üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. AMG yönteminden elde edilen bulgular, Arge harcamalarının tarım sektöründe istihdam oranını negtif yönde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Arge harcamalarındaki% 1'lik artış, tarım sektöründe istihdam oranını % 0,13 azaltmaktadır. Sanayi ve hizmetler sektöründe ise Arge harcamalarındaki % 1'lik artış, istihdamın payını sırasıyla% 0,16 ve % 0,26 artırmaktadır.

References

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  • Eberhardt, M. & Bond, S. (2009). Cross-section Dependence in Nonstationary Panel Models: A Novel Estimator. Munich Personal RePEc Archive Working Paper No. 17870, Germany.
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  • Evangelista, R. & M. Savona (2002) The Impact of Innovation on Employment in Services: Evidence from Italy. International Review of Applied Economics, 16, 309-18.
  • Fung, M. K. (2006). Are Labor-Saving Technologies Lowering Employment in The Banking Industry? Journal of Banking & Finance,30,179-198.
  • Greenan, N. & D. Guellec (2000). Technological Innovation and Employment Reallocation. Labour, 14, 547-90.
  • Hollanders, H. & Weel, B. T. (2002). Technology, Knowledge Spillovers and Changes in Employment Structure: Evidence from Six OECD Countries. Labour Economics, 9(5), 579-599.
  • Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H. & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53-74.
  • OECD (2012). Technology, Productivity And Job Creation: Best Policy Practices. http://www.oecd.org/industry/ind/2759012.pdf.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. Cambridge Working Papers in Economics No. 0435, University of Cambridge.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross‐section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Piva, M. & Vivarelli, M. (2002). The Skill Bias: Comparative Evidence and an Econometric Test. International Review of Applied Economics, 16 (3), 347-357.
  • Piva, M. & Vivarelli, M. (2017) Is R&D Good for Employment? Microeconometric Evidence from the EU. IZA Discussion Papers, No. 10581, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn.
  • Silva, H. G. & Lima, F. (2017). Technology, Employment and Skills: A Look into Job Duration. Research Policy, 46(8), 1519-1530
  • Şahinoğlu, T. ve Varıcı, M. (2019). Teknolojik Gelişmenin İstihdam Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye Örneği. Turkish Studies- Information Technologies and Applied Sciences, 14(4), 617-640-162.
  • Tamayo, M. P. & Huergo, E. (2016). The Effect of R&D Services Offshoring on Skilled Employment: Firm Evidence. The World Economy, 39(9), 1414-1433.
  • Taymaz, E (1996). Technological Change and Employment in Turkish Manufacturing Industries, in Bulutay, T. (ed.), Technology and Employment, p. 187-224, Ankara: SIS.
  • Üçdoğruk, Y. (2006). Employment Impact of Product and Process Innovation in Turkey. Ege Akademik Bakış, 6(1), 87-99.
  • Vivarelli, M. (2015). Innovation and Employment Technological Unemployment is not Inevitable- Some Innovation Creates Jobs, and Some Job Destruction can be Avoided. Innovation and Employment. IZA World of Labor, 154, https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w24196/w24196.pdf
  • Yıldırım, T. (2020). The Causality Relationship Between R&D Expenditures and Unemployment in Turkey and Azerbaijan. TOGU Career Research Journal, 1(1), 10-15.
  • Zhu, C., Qiu, Z. & Liu, F. (2021). Does Innovation Stimulate Employment? Evidence from China. Economic Modelling, 94, 1007-1017.
Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 481 - 491, 26.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.902007

Abstract

References

  • Agovino, M., Aldieri, L., Garofalo, A., & Vinci, C. P. (2018). R&D Spillovers and Employment: Evidence from European Patent Data. Empirica, 45(2), 247-260.
  • Bárány, Z. S. & Siegel, C. (2020). Biased Technological Change and Employment Reallocation. Labour Economics, 67, 101930.
  • Bogliacino, F., Piva, M., & Vivarelli, M. (2014). Technology and Employment: The Job Creation Effect of Business R&D. Rivista Internazionale di Scienze Sociali, 3, 239-264.
  • Bogliacino, F. & Vivarelli, M. (2014). The Job Creation Effect of R&D Expenditures. Australian Economic Papers, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.2012.00425.x
  • Bond, S. & Eberhardt, M. (2013). Accounting for Unobserved Heterogeneity in Panel Time Series Models. Nuffield Collage, University of Oxford, Mimeo.
  • Breusch, T. S. & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, Econometrics Issue, 47(1), , 239-253.
  • Brouwer, E., Kleinknecht, A. & Reijnen, J. O. (1993). Employment Growth and Innovation at the Firm Level. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 3(2), 153-159.
  • Cengiz, S. ve Şahin, A. (2020). Teknolojik İlerlemenin İstihdam Yaratmadaki Rolü ve Önemi: Türkiye Örneği. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 1(45), 160-172.
  • Eberhardt, M. & Bond, S. (2009). Cross-section Dependence in Nonstationary Panel Models: A Novel Estimator. Munich Personal RePEc Archive Working Paper No. 17870, Germany.
  • Eberhardt, M. & Teal, F. (2010). Productivity Analysis in Global Manufacturing Production. (Economic Series Working Paper 515). University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
  • Evangelista, R. (2000) Innovation and Employment in Services, in M. Vivarelli and M. Pianta (eds). The Employment Impact of Innovation: Evidence and Policy, 121-48, London: Routledge,
  • Evangelista, R. & M. Savona (2002) The Impact of Innovation on Employment in Services: Evidence from Italy. International Review of Applied Economics, 16, 309-18.
  • Fung, M. K. (2006). Are Labor-Saving Technologies Lowering Employment in The Banking Industry? Journal of Banking & Finance,30,179-198.
  • Greenan, N. & D. Guellec (2000). Technological Innovation and Employment Reallocation. Labour, 14, 547-90.
  • Hollanders, H. & Weel, B. T. (2002). Technology, Knowledge Spillovers and Changes in Employment Structure: Evidence from Six OECD Countries. Labour Economics, 9(5), 579-599.
  • Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H. & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53-74.
  • OECD (2012). Technology, Productivity And Job Creation: Best Policy Practices. http://www.oecd.org/industry/ind/2759012.pdf.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. Cambridge Working Papers in Economics No. 0435, University of Cambridge.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross‐section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Piva, M. & Vivarelli, M. (2002). The Skill Bias: Comparative Evidence and an Econometric Test. International Review of Applied Economics, 16 (3), 347-357.
  • Piva, M. & Vivarelli, M. (2017) Is R&D Good for Employment? Microeconometric Evidence from the EU. IZA Discussion Papers, No. 10581, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn.
  • Silva, H. G. & Lima, F. (2017). Technology, Employment and Skills: A Look into Job Duration. Research Policy, 46(8), 1519-1530
  • Şahinoğlu, T. ve Varıcı, M. (2019). Teknolojik Gelişmenin İstihdam Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye Örneği. Turkish Studies- Information Technologies and Applied Sciences, 14(4), 617-640-162.
  • Tamayo, M. P. & Huergo, E. (2016). The Effect of R&D Services Offshoring on Skilled Employment: Firm Evidence. The World Economy, 39(9), 1414-1433.
  • Taymaz, E (1996). Technological Change and Employment in Turkish Manufacturing Industries, in Bulutay, T. (ed.), Technology and Employment, p. 187-224, Ankara: SIS.
  • Üçdoğruk, Y. (2006). Employment Impact of Product and Process Innovation in Turkey. Ege Akademik Bakış, 6(1), 87-99.
  • Vivarelli, M. (2015). Innovation and Employment Technological Unemployment is not Inevitable- Some Innovation Creates Jobs, and Some Job Destruction can be Avoided. Innovation and Employment. IZA World of Labor, 154, https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w24196/w24196.pdf
  • Yıldırım, T. (2020). The Causality Relationship Between R&D Expenditures and Unemployment in Turkey and Azerbaijan. TOGU Career Research Journal, 1(1), 10-15.
  • Zhu, C., Qiu, Z. & Liu, F. (2021). Does Innovation Stimulate Employment? Evidence from China. Economic Modelling, 94, 1007-1017.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ebru Topcu 0000-0003-3572-7552

Publication Date June 26, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Topcu, E. (2021). TEKNOLOJİK GELİŞMENİN İSTİHDAM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİ ÜZERİNE SEKTÖREL BİR ANALİZ. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 11(2), 481-491. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.902007