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Representation of handmade paper in contemporary art as an ecological approach

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 611 - 624, 25.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1420577

Abstract

As ecological art began to become visible in the 1970s, it is observed that artists producing in America included handmade paper in their forms of artistic expression with an ecological concern. The artists who established factories and communities for the production of handmade paper produced papers for use in the fields of painting, sculpture, printing and painting and hosted various exhibitions in which these productions were exhibited in the 1980s. In this research, the emergence of handmade paper as a medium in contemporary art and the “handmade paper” exhibitions opened by paper artists will be discussed. This period, in which a large number of artists produced, was limited to the works of Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, David Hockney. The connection and material language established by the artists with paper was tried to be read with an ecological infrastructure, and the works were analyzed using the “work and artist-centered approach” methods. As a result of the findings, it is seen that contemporary artists have made handmade paper accepted into art history as a medium by searching for different expression possibilities. With the disappearance of boundaries in art today, it has been determined that paper, which we have traditionally traced, has revealed a new disciplinary field in plastic arts by combining with experimental expression methods.

References

  • Antmen, A. (2009). Sanatçılardan yazılar ve açıklamalarla 20. yüzyıl batı sanatında akımlar. Sel Yayıncılık, 2. Basım.
  • Castleman, R. (1986). Jasper Johns: A Print Retrospective, The Museum of Modern Art, New York.
  • Farmer, J. M. (1987). Paperworks: the state of the art. Hand papermaking, 2(1), 5-7.
  • Glenn, C. W. (2014). The gemini story. https://www.geminigel.com/page/history/
  • Gollnick, E.(2017). Unions: Robert Rauschenberg in Ahmedabad. Erişim Tarihi: 11.09.2023 https://post.moma.org/unions-robert-rauschenberg-in-ahmedabad/
  • Griffifth, L. (t.y.). Jasper Johns (B. 1930), https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-6421158
  • Hockney, D. Stangos, N. (1981). David Hockney: Paper Pools, New York 1981, s. 36)
  • Hubbe, M. A., Bowden, C. (2009). Handmade paper: a revıew of ıts hıstory, craft, and scıence, BioResources, North Carolina State University.
  • Hughes, A. E. (2021). of material concern: jasper johns, tatyana grosman, and handmade printing papers. Facture: conservation, science, art history: Modern and Contemporary Art. Volume 5: 88-121.
  • Kagan, S. (2014). The practice of ecological art. Institute of sociology and cultural organization, leuphana university, Lüneburg.
  • Livingstone, M. (2017). David Hockney: Paper Pools. Phillips: Evening and Day Editions on Artsy, https://www.artsy.net/article/phillips-david-hockney-paper-pools
  • Lowery, R. (2015). Robert Rauschenberg American, 1925–2008. Museum research consortium fellow, department of painting and sculpture. https://www.moma.org/artists/4823
  • Manes, C. (2015). Take an object. Assistant curator, Department of painting and sculpture.
  • Marshal, R. (1976). Handmadepaper prints and unique Works. Moma master checklist.
  • National Gallery. (2013). The Kenneth E. Tyler Collection Paper: the next frontier, The importance of papermaking in KENNETH TYLER'S workshops and the innovative ways in which handmade papers were used. https://nga.gov.au/stories-ideas/paper-the-next-frontier/
  • Pennewitz, U. (t.y.). Oskar Holweck. https://nothingtoseeness.de/en_EN/artist/oskarholweck.257038
  • Robert C. Williams, (t.y). History of Papermaking Around the World. Pre-Paper. Robert C. Williams Museum of Papermaking.
  • Roberts, J. L. (2012). “The Printerly Art of Jasper Johns.” Jasper Johns/ In Press: The Crosshatch Works and the Logic of Print, (10 – 42). Harvard Art Museums. Cambridge, MA, 2012. Sarabhaı Foundatıon, https://www.space118.com/mapping-residencies/sarabhai-foundation/
  • Smith, R. (1994). Douglas Morse Howell, 87, Artist and Papermaker, The New York Times Archives. 1-10. https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/12/obituaries/douglas-morse-howell-87-artist-and-papermaker.html
  • Stephans, C. (t.y.) David Hockney. Edited by Chris Stephens and Andrew Wilson
  • Stockwell, M. (2020). 0 through 9 (1961): The Story of the Revered Piece by Jasper Johns. https://www.singulart.com/en/blog/2020/05/07/0-through-9-1961-the-story-of-the-revered-piece-by-jasper-johns/
  • Tully, J. (1983). Paper Chase, https://juddtully.net/articles/paper-chase/
  • The Kenneth E. Tyler Collection, History of Kenneth Tyler. https://nga.gov.au/art-artists/the-kenneth-e-tyler-collection/
  • Williamson, B. (2017). Jasper Johns 0 through 9, 1961, https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/johns-0-through-9-t00454

Ekolojik bir yaklaşım olarak el yapımı kâğıdın çağdaş sanatta temsili

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 611 - 624, 25.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1420577

Abstract

1970’li yıllarda ekolojik sanatın görünür olmaya başlaması özellikle Amerika’da üretim yapan sanatçıların, ekolojik bir kaygı güderek yeni bir yüzey arayışına gittikleri ve el yapımı kâğıdı sanatsal ifade biçimlerine dahil ettikleri görülmektedir. İkinci dünya savaşının akabinde el yapımı kâğıt üretmeye başlayan Douglass Morse Howell’ın öncülüğünde dönemin ismini duyurmuş birçok önemli sanatçısı el yapımı kâğıdın geniş bir kitleye yayılım göstermesinde rol oynamıştır. El yapımı kâğıt üretimi için fabrikalar ve topluluklar kuran sanatçılar resim, heykel, baskı resim alanlarında kullanmak üzere çok sayıda kâğıt üretmiş ve 1980’li yıllarda bu üretimlerin sergilendiği çeşitli sergilere ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Bu araştırmada çağdaş sanatta bir medyum haline gelen el yapımı kâğıdın ortaya çıkış dönemiyle, kâğıt sanatçılarının açmış olduğu “el yapımı kâğıt” sergilerine değinilecektir. Çok sayıda sanatçının üretim yaptığı bu dönem, Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, David Hockney’in eserleri ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Sanatçıların kağıt ile kurduğu bağ ve malzeme dili ekolojik bir alt yapıyla okunmaya çalışılmış, ele alınan eserler “yapıt ve sanatçı merkezli yaklaşım” yöntemleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda, çağdaş sanatçıların farklı ifade olanakları arayarak, ekolojik bir farkındalık peşinde, el yapımı kağıdın bir medyum olarak sanat tarihinde gözle görülür olmasını sağladıkları görülmüştür. Günümüzde sanatta sınırların ortadan kalkmasıyla da ilişkili olan bu durum geleneksel olarak izlerini sürdüğümüz kâğıdın günümüzdeki deneysel anlatım yöntemleriyle birleşerek plastik sanatlarda yeni bir disiplin alanı ortaya çıkardığı saptanmıştır.

References

  • Antmen, A. (2009). Sanatçılardan yazılar ve açıklamalarla 20. yüzyıl batı sanatında akımlar. Sel Yayıncılık, 2. Basım.
  • Castleman, R. (1986). Jasper Johns: A Print Retrospective, The Museum of Modern Art, New York.
  • Farmer, J. M. (1987). Paperworks: the state of the art. Hand papermaking, 2(1), 5-7.
  • Glenn, C. W. (2014). The gemini story. https://www.geminigel.com/page/history/
  • Gollnick, E.(2017). Unions: Robert Rauschenberg in Ahmedabad. Erişim Tarihi: 11.09.2023 https://post.moma.org/unions-robert-rauschenberg-in-ahmedabad/
  • Griffifth, L. (t.y.). Jasper Johns (B. 1930), https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-6421158
  • Hockney, D. Stangos, N. (1981). David Hockney: Paper Pools, New York 1981, s. 36)
  • Hubbe, M. A., Bowden, C. (2009). Handmade paper: a revıew of ıts hıstory, craft, and scıence, BioResources, North Carolina State University.
  • Hughes, A. E. (2021). of material concern: jasper johns, tatyana grosman, and handmade printing papers. Facture: conservation, science, art history: Modern and Contemporary Art. Volume 5: 88-121.
  • Kagan, S. (2014). The practice of ecological art. Institute of sociology and cultural organization, leuphana university, Lüneburg.
  • Livingstone, M. (2017). David Hockney: Paper Pools. Phillips: Evening and Day Editions on Artsy, https://www.artsy.net/article/phillips-david-hockney-paper-pools
  • Lowery, R. (2015). Robert Rauschenberg American, 1925–2008. Museum research consortium fellow, department of painting and sculpture. https://www.moma.org/artists/4823
  • Manes, C. (2015). Take an object. Assistant curator, Department of painting and sculpture.
  • Marshal, R. (1976). Handmadepaper prints and unique Works. Moma master checklist.
  • National Gallery. (2013). The Kenneth E. Tyler Collection Paper: the next frontier, The importance of papermaking in KENNETH TYLER'S workshops and the innovative ways in which handmade papers were used. https://nga.gov.au/stories-ideas/paper-the-next-frontier/
  • Pennewitz, U. (t.y.). Oskar Holweck. https://nothingtoseeness.de/en_EN/artist/oskarholweck.257038
  • Robert C. Williams, (t.y). History of Papermaking Around the World. Pre-Paper. Robert C. Williams Museum of Papermaking.
  • Roberts, J. L. (2012). “The Printerly Art of Jasper Johns.” Jasper Johns/ In Press: The Crosshatch Works and the Logic of Print, (10 – 42). Harvard Art Museums. Cambridge, MA, 2012. Sarabhaı Foundatıon, https://www.space118.com/mapping-residencies/sarabhai-foundation/
  • Smith, R. (1994). Douglas Morse Howell, 87, Artist and Papermaker, The New York Times Archives. 1-10. https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/12/obituaries/douglas-morse-howell-87-artist-and-papermaker.html
  • Stephans, C. (t.y.) David Hockney. Edited by Chris Stephens and Andrew Wilson
  • Stockwell, M. (2020). 0 through 9 (1961): The Story of the Revered Piece by Jasper Johns. https://www.singulart.com/en/blog/2020/05/07/0-through-9-1961-the-story-of-the-revered-piece-by-jasper-johns/
  • Tully, J. (1983). Paper Chase, https://juddtully.net/articles/paper-chase/
  • The Kenneth E. Tyler Collection, History of Kenneth Tyler. https://nga.gov.au/art-artists/the-kenneth-e-tyler-collection/
  • Williamson, B. (2017). Jasper Johns 0 through 9, 1961, https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/johns-0-through-9-t00454
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Interdisciplinary Art, Painting
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Melis Sucuoğlu Doğan 0000-0001-6183-2941

Early Pub Date June 20, 2024
Publication Date June 25, 2024
Submission Date January 16, 2024
Acceptance Date March 29, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 14 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sucuoğlu Doğan, M. (2024). Ekolojik bir yaklaşım olarak el yapımı kâğıdın çağdaş sanatta temsili. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 14(2), 611-624. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1420577