Karyotype analysis of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.)

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 39 - 43, 30.09.2017

Gulden Dogan , Yasar Kiran

https://doi.org/10.20863/nsd.332746

Abstract

Objective: The purpose
of this study is to determine the mitotic chromosome number, morphometric
parameters, and karyotypes of Xanthium
strumarium and make contributions to other multidisciplinary studies on the
genus.

Material
and Methods: The seeds were germinated on moist filter paper in
Petri dishes at 25°C. Actively growing root tips were pre-treated with aqueous paradichlorobenzene for 4h at room temperature. Then, the root tips were fixed with
acetic alcohol (1:3 glacial acetic acid–absolute ethanol) for at least 24 h at
4°C, hydrolysed in 1 N HCl at 60°C for 3 min, then rinsed in tap water for 3–5
min. Finally, they were stained in Feulgen for 1 h and mounted in 45% acetic
acid. Digital microphotographs from at least five well-spread metaphase plates
were taken using an Olympus BX51 microscope and were recorded with an Olympus
Camedia C-4000 digital camera.

Results: The chromosome number is determined as 2n = 36 for
this taxon. The karyotype consists of 16 median region (m) and 2 submedian
region (sm) chromosomes. The metaphase chromosome length ranges from 2.30 to 4.03 μm, longest to shortest chromosome ratio is 1.7:1.1, total karyotype length (TKL) 54.76 m and the
karyotype symmetry is type 1A.

Conclusion: The
results of this study showed that the chromosome number of Xanthium strumarium is 2n=36. Satellites were not observed in the karyotype of this
species. Identifying the chromosome
number of this species in this study provides a base for biosystematic studies.

Keywords

Chromosome number, Xanthium

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