الإحالات الجغرافية في ديوان علي الجارم

Year 2019, Volume: 19 Issue: 49, 183 - 202, 29.12.2019

Emad Abdelbaky Abdelbaky Aly

https://doi.org/10.32330/nusha.630512

Abstract

يبحث
هذا المقال  في اللغة والمكان، فالعلاقة
بين اللغة والجغرافيا علاقة متلازمة وقديمة قِدَم البحث اللغوي نفسه، لأنَّ اللغة
تأتي من مجتمع يعيش في بيئة، كما أنَّ اللغة تختلف باختلاف البيئة، والتصويرات
الجغرافية التي ذكرها الشعر العربي تؤكد تلك العلاقة بين الجغرافيا والشعر،
وللأشعار الجغرافية أهمية كبيرة في توثيق أسماء المدن والبلدان، إضافة إلى الأماكن
الجغرافية التي حظت بحظ وافر في الشعر العربي.

الجغرافيا
تشبه اللغة والشعر؛ حيث إنَّ الناس يعيشون في بيئة، فهم يتأثرون بالبيئة التي
يعيشون فيها كما أنَّ هذه البيئة نفسها تؤثر فيهم وهو ما ظهر في الشعر، ففي الشعر
الحديث ظهرت أسماء الأماكن في حديث الشاعر عن بيئته الاجتماعية وتأثّره بالأحداث
فيها، فينبغي دراسة تأثير البيئة أيضًا على الشعر عند الحديث عن البلد والمدينة
التي يتحدث عنها الشعراء، لذلك يبحث هذا المقال في الإحالات الجغرافية -عبر
الدّراسة الدلالية- في شعر علي الجارم الذي يُعدّ من أبرز شعراء العصر الحديث، كما أنَّه من أبرز
الشّعراء الذين سجلوا أحداث عصره. وهكذا تهدف الدراسة إلى معرفة الإحالات
الجغرافية في ديوان علي الجارم لمعرفة الإطار الفكريّ والجغرافيّ الذي كان يعيش فيه
الشّاعر، والمناطق التي تأثّر بها وبأحداثها، وكذلك معرفة معاني التراكيب في بناء
الجملة الشعرية وتغيّر معانيها في بعض الأحيان، خاصة مع ذكر علي الجارم العديد
من الدول والبلدان والأماكن الجغرافية، حتى إنّ الكثير من عناوين قصائده كانت
بأسماء تلك الأماكن، والتي تحمل العديد من الدلالات اللغويّة.

Keywords

اللغة والجغرافيا، الدلالة، الجغرافيا والشعر، الإحالات الجغرافية، الشاعر والبيئة

Geographical References in Diwan 'Ali al-Jarem

Abstract

Abstract

The research topic of this article is the relationship between
language and space on one hand and geography and language on the other hand. The
relationship between language and geography is as old as linguistic research because language
is spoken by a society living in an environment. Likewise, there are language
changes depending on the environment. Geographical descriptions in Arabic
poetry confirm this relationship between poetry and geography. Geographical
poems are of great importance in determining the names of cities and countries.
Geographical places in Arabic poetry are many. Geography is similar to language
and poetry because people live in an environment and are influenced by what is
in it and comes out of this effect in poetry. In modern poetry, places and
their names appeared in the poet's talk about his social environment in which
he lives and is affected by its events. As the poet mentioned many countries and
cities, the environment should be studied and its impact on the poet and the
sentences he uses in his poetry should be studied too.
For this reason, this article explores the geographical references in the poems
of 'Ali al-Jarem, one of the leading poets of the modern age and one of the
best recording poets of the century. Thus, this research aims to know the geographical
references in 'Ali al-Jarem council. Thus, the poet's intellectual framework is
known with its geography and its places. At the same time, it is understood that
the meaning and sometimes the compositions in the structure of poetry sentences
change particularly 'Ali al-Jarem's mention of numerous countries and
geographical places in his poems, and even the fact that many of his poems were
chosen from these places are mentioned in this study.

Structured Abstract

      Linguists have spoken,
since old times, about the relationship between geography, poetry, and
language. Geography studies people and what is going on around them in their
environment or in the great community in which they live.

The Arabs have
organized many of their sciences in poetry such as
philosophy, grammar, logic and others. Moreover, the Arabs recorded their
heritage and experiences in life through poetry. Geography is similar to
language and poetry because people live in an environment and are influenced by
what is in it and comes out with
this effect in poetry.

Arabic poetry was
filled with many places and geographical features; in ancient Arabic poetry,
geographical places appeared, especially in the introductions. In modern
poetry, places and their names appeared in the poet's talk about his social
environment in which he lives and is affected by its events. As the poet
mentioned many countries and cities, the environment should be studied and its
impact on the poet and the sentences he uses in his poetry should be studied
too. The role of the social context (environment) that surrounds the poet, and
he lives in is reflected in his literary production, too. This also makes it
easier to understand a society and its culture and how to deal with it. It sometimes even makes it easier to understand
societies because knowing the language of each society is the real gateway to
understanding it. In fact, language is
the entrance to the culture of a society, or what we can call the cultural and
social context of each society, which is expressed by the poet through his
poetry.

 Understanding the
literary text (poetry) does not depend on understanding the language in which the
literary text (poetry) is presented, but rather on the context of each text, the
circumstances, and factors surrounding the production of the text (Poetry). So literature
is the true expression of society, its ideas and culture, whether in the form
of direct expression, by describing reality in literary work, or by indirect
expression, through the culture of a writer. The
poet lives in that environment with all its different places, nature and
geographic factors, and then presents his literature influenced by what he saw
and felt.  Because the poet (writer)
sees in the ordinary situation and recurring environmental factors in daily
life what is not seen by others, he writes while influenced by what is going on
in the society in which he lives. He does not have to be  influenced by a major event, but he may also
be influenced by a minor situation that happens daily in front of everyone.
Writers reflect society in their works as a result of their interaction with
the attitudes and factors that occur in it. Some texts also affect them in their
literary works either directly or indirectly. Furthermore, the culture of the
writer varies with the diversity of the culture that influenced him, whether
religious or other, and all this within the cultural and social context of the
writer. Knowing that context is very important in understanding
the text and what it refers to, many critics recommend studying and
understanding the cultural and social context of the writer to understand the
text correctly.

'Ali
al-Jarem states on the day of the Prophet's birthday in a poem entitled Abu
Zahra:

نَافَسَت
الأرض السّماء بكوكبٍ          وَضي
المَحيَا ما حَوَتْه سماء

The earth competed
with the sky by a planet; lighted face and sky do not contain him. Here,
the word planet has shifted from a geographical location to a sign of the
Prophet Muhammad. The poet, Ali
al-Jarem, confirms, about the city of Rashid:

 حين سَمّوْكِ (وردةً) زُهِىَ الحســـ          ـــنُ، وودّ الخدودُ لو كنّ وَرْدًا

يا
ابنةَ اليمِّ لا تُراعي فإنّي              
قد رأيتُ الأمورَ جَزْرًا ومدًّا

When they named
you a rose, beauty was beautiful, and the cheeks wanted to be a rose. Daughter
of the sea, do not care  I have seen some things tides and ebbs. He talks
about Rashid and a reference to her name in English (Rosetta)

Here the poet
benefited from the name of his city which adds a new linguistic connotation to
the name of the city where the poet grew up and loved. He also benefited from
the geographical location of the city to call her (daughter of the sea), The poet 'Ali al-Jarem took advantage of the
name of the city in another instance when he said in a poem (Rashid greeted the
king Farouk):

رَشيد لاقَت
رَشِيدًا     شَهمًا مُحببا مُجابا

City of
 Rashid met a wise man; he is a brave, loved, and respected man. Here the
geographical name of the city of Rashid was changed to present King Farouk as a
guide. The geographic city names have acquired different meanings.  As a result of the linguistic structure of the
House of Poetry, which gave a new linguistic connotation, this new meaning
makes the reader in a dilemma between the geographical places in Alexandria and
the new connotation of the poetic structures.

Search results: The geographical
places in the poems
of 'Ali al-Jarem contributed to the knowledge of the environment of the poet and
the places that were affected by it. 'Ali al-Jarem was influenced by the
geographical names and added new linguistic meanings to them. The relationships
between geography and linguistic sciences would produce new meanings and
connotations. The semantic structures also differ from one community to
another. This reflects a certain culture and a certain society.

Keywords

Language and geography, semantik, Geography and poetry, geographical references, Poet and the environment.

ALİ el-CÂRİM DİVÂNI'NDA COĞRAFİ ATIFLAR

Abstract

  Bu makalenin
araştırma konusu: dil, mekân ve coğrafya ile dilin, dil araştırmaları kadar
eskiye dayanan karşılıklı ilişkisidir. Zira dil bir çevrede yaşayan bir toplum
tarafından konuşulur. Aynı şekilde dil çevrenin değişmesine bağlı olarak
değişir. Arap şiirinde geçen coğrafi tasvirler şiir ve coğrafya arasındaki bu
ilişkiyi teyit etmektedir. Coğrafi şiirler şehir ve ülkelerin isimlerini tespit
etmek konusunda büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Arap şiirinde  coğrafi mekân sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır.
Coğrafya, dil ve şiire benzer, çünkü insanlar bir çevrede yaşarlar. Yaşadıkları
çevreyi etkiledikleri gibi yaşadıkları çevreden de etkilenirler. Modern şiirde,
yer isimleri şairlerin yaşadıkları olaylardan etkilenmesi ve sosyal ortam
hakkında konuşmaları ile  ortaya çıktı.
Şairlerin bahsettiği ülke ve şehirden söz ederken  çevrenin şiir 
üzerindeki etkisi de incelenmelidir. Bu sebeple bu makalede modern çağın
önde gelen şairlerinden sayılan aynı zamanda asrının vakalarını en iyi kaydeden
şairlerden olan Ali el-Cârim'in şiirlerindeki 
coğrafi atıfları anlambilimsel çözümleme metoduyla araştırılmıştır. Ve bu
araştırma Ali el-Cârim divanındaki coğrafi atıfları ortaya çıkarmayı
hedeflemektedir. Böylece şairin fikrî çerçevesi yaşadığı coğrafya, vakaları ile
ona tesir eden mekanlar tanınmış olur. Aynı zamanda şiir cümlelerinin
yapısındaki terkiplerin manaları ve bazen nasıl değişiklik gösterdiği
anlaşılmış olur. Özellikle Ali el-Cârim'in şiirlerinde çok sayıda ülke ve
coğrafi mekândan bahsetmesi hatta pek çok kasidesinin başlığını bu mekanlardan
seçmesi de çalışmada işlenmiştir.

Keywords

Dil ve coğrafya, semantik, Coğrafya ve şiir, coğrafi atıfları, Şair ve çevre

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