Short Story in Algerian Literature

Year 2020, Volume: 20 Issue: 50, 165 - 188, 30.06.2020

Mehmet Ali Kılay Araz

https://doi.org/10.32330/nusha.745288

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Abstract

Arab literature, which has a certain
copyright tradition with its prose products in the historical process, started
to produce literary products in the literary genres such as novels, theater and
short stories with the modern era. During this period, especially the short
story has become one of the important literary genres of Algerian literature.

The short story ranks first among the
literary genres of modern Algerian literature. In the short stories of the
Algerian literary writers, especially during and after the war of independence,
it’s seemed that they wrote about the life of the Algerian people, tried to
describe their social and civilized progress and intellectual development, and
to draw a broad portrait of them, aiming to reflect the real life lived through
its whole contradictions.

In this study, which the short story is
discussed in Algerian literature, the emergence of the story, factors such
religion, language, traditions, folk tales playing a role in the delay of this
emergence are evaluated. In addition to this, the emergence of storytelling in
Algeria, its role in revitalizing culture and tradition, the communication of
Algeria with the East and the West, the role of the Algerian revolution were
also examined. The last part of the study focused on the development of the short
story in Algerian Literature.

Structured
Abstract

The short story type has general characteristics in other prose types,
such as telling an event, having a subject, being away from the form of poetry,
taking advantage of real events and individuals in its fiction. However, the
necessity of change is said to be separated from other types in such respects
as conflict elements and influence union.

The development of the short story and other modern literary genres in
Arabic literature is closely related to Napoleon's Egyptian Expedition, given
the contributions of Arab countries in political and cultural interaction with
the West. During the period that began after this expedition, Egypt and other
Arab countries met the modern literary genres of Western literature.
Translations and adaptations made of Western literature have also brought a
change in the classical writing style of Arabic literature. In addition to
these translations, the expansion of printing and journalism activities is an
important factor in the development of modern literary genres and short
stories.

Modern literary genres in Algerian literature, XX. it has been seen
since the beginning of the 20th century. Considering the types of prose and
poetry, one of the first modern types of modern writing to be sampled in
Algerian literature has been a short story type.

In this article, we aimed to address development course and examples of
a short story genre from the pioneers of modern species in Algerian literature.

Starting from the period when France invaded Algeria, the literary and
intellectuals who were subjected to oppression and assimilated policies, who
were involved in efforts to claim their cultural heritage and self, and finally
witnessed periods of struggle for independence, expressed these issues in their
works one way or another. The short story, one of the pioneers of modern
literary genres, also witnessed all these phases of Algeria. It will be noticed
that the issues discussed before and after independence are intertwined with
current events. Again, changes in style can also be seen that they are affected
by political and social conditions.

In this article, which examined the emergence and development of a short
story species in modern Algerian literature, first of all, we aimed to do a scan
of Algerian literature first. As a result, we concluded that both Western
sources and academic studies on modern Algerian literature in our country were
almost nonexistent. For this reason, we have tried to reach resources for the
type of short story in libraries in Algeria and in the New Alexandria Library
of Egypt. In doing so, we applied more secondary resources (research works) due
to the very small primary resources. In this context, we aimed to provide a
considerable knowledge of the modern Algerian story.

In modern Algerian literature, this study consists of two chapters,
which we cover the short story genre, usually based on the initial phase.
In the firtst
chapter, which includes information about the type of short story, the
characteristics of this literary genre include its emergence in Arabic
literature. In creating this chapter, it is aimed to allow the short story
genre to compare the course of development and the course of development in
Algerian literature. In arab countries, the contributions they made in the
development of modern species in Algerian literature have been tried to make it
more pronounced.

In the second chapter, which forms the main part of the study, the
emergence of a short story genre in modern Algerian literature, the start and
maturation of other Arab countries -- at least in the French or British
occupation periods -- is about political and social elements that influence and
contribute to the development of this species.

The increase in journalism activities from the second quarter of the XX
century and the incentives of leading writers of the period to write works in
modern species with calls for simplicity in the language have accelerated the
development of the short story genre. Algerian intellectuals and student groups
-- in one respect, as a result of the activities of the Algerian Muslim
Scholars' Association -- have made journeys to eastern Arab countries and have
the opportunity to study western-sourceliterary species that have been
converted and adapted in these regions.

Looking at the course of
development of the short story genre in Algerian literature, it is seen that
authors are more concerned about giving political, social and religious
messages and expressing their comments about the agenda in an easier way in the
stories depicting them with article-style stories.

Keywords

Algerian Literature, Culture and Tradition, Revolution, Short Story

CEZAYİR EDEBİYATINDA KISA ÖYKÜ

Abstract

Tarihsel süreçte nesir türündeki farklı ürünleriyle belirli bir
telif geleneğine sahip olan Arap edebiyatı, modern dönemle birlikte roman,
tiyatro ve kısa öykü gibi edebi türlerde ürün vermeye başlamıştır.  Bu süre zarfında, özellikle kısa öykü Cezayir
edebiyatının önemli edebi türlerinden biri haline gelmiştir.

Kısa öykü, modern Cezayir edebiyatı edebi türleri arasında
yaygınlık bakımından ilk sırada gelmektedir. Cezayirli edebiyatçıların,
özellikle de bağımsızlık savaşı esnası ve sonrası dönemde, yazdıkları kısa
öykülerinde, doğrudan Cezayir insanının hayatını konu edindikleri, onun sosyal
ve medeni bakımdan ilerleyişini ve fikri gelişimini tasvir etmeye ve geniş bir
portresini çizmeye çalıştıkları, aynı şekilde Cezayirlilerin iç dünyasına ışık
tutarak,  bütün çekişme ve çelişkileriyle
yaşanan gerçek hayatı yansıtmayı amaçladıkları görülmektedir.

Cezayir edebiyatında kısa öykünün ele alındığı bu çalışmada,
öykünün ortaya çıkışı, ortaya çıkışının gecikmesindeki din, dil, gelenekler,
halk hikâyeleri vb. etkenler değerlendirilmiştir. Bunun yanında Cezayir’de
hikâyeciliğin ortaya çıkışı, kültür ve geleneğin yeniden canlandırılmasındaki
rolü, Cezayir’in Doğu ve Batı ile iletişimi, Cezayir devriminin rolü
incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın son kısmında Cezayir Edebiyatında kısa hikâyenin
gelişimi üzerinde durulmuştur.

Keywords

Cezayir Edebiyatı, Kısa Öykü, Devrim, Sosyal Hayat

References

• ‘Âyide Edîb Bamye, Tatavvuru’l-Edebi’l-Kasasiyyi’l-Cezâirî 1925- 1967, Dîvânu’l-Matbû‘âti’l-Câmi‘iyye. Abdullah Er-Rukeybî, el-Evrâs fî’ş-Şi‘ri’l-Arabî ve Dirâsât Uhrâ, eş-Şeriketu’l-Vataniyyeli’n-Neşr ve’t-Tevzî‘, Cezayir. Abdullah Er-Rukeybî, el-Kıssatu’l-Cezâiriyyetu’l-Kasîra, Dâru’l-Kuttâbi’l-Arab, Cezayir, 2009. Abdullah er-Rukeybî, Tatavvuru’n-Nesri’l-Cezâiriyyi’l-Hadîs, el-Muessesetu’l-Vataniyye li’l-Kuttâb, Dâru’l-Arabiyye li’l-Kuttâb, 1983. Abdulmelik Murtâd, el-Kıssatu’l-Cezâiriyyetu’l-Mu‘âsıra, el-Muessesetu’l-Vataniyye li’l-Kitâb, Cezayir, 1990. Abdülmelik Murtâd, es-Sekâfetu’l-‘Arabiyye fî’l-Cezâir, et-Te’sîr ve’t-Teessur, Menşûrât İttihâdi Kuttâbi’l-‘Arab, Dimaşk, 1981. Abdülmelik Murtâd, Funûnu’n-Nesri’l-Edebî fî’l-Cezâir, 1931- 1954, Dîvânu’l-Matbû‘âti’l-Câmi‘iyye, Cezayir, 1. Baskı, 1983. Ahmed Rızâ Hûhû, Gâde Ümmu’l- Kurâ, el-Enîsu’s-Silsiletu’l-Edebiyye, 2009. Ahmed Tâlib, el-Edebu’l-Cezâiriyyi’l-Hadîs el-Makâlu’l-Kasasî ve’l-Kıssatu’l-Kasîra, Dâru’l-Garîb li’n-Neşr ve’t-Tevzî‘. Ahmet Hamdi CAN, Modern Cezayir Edebiyatı ve et-Tâhir Vattâr’ın Romanlarında Toplumcu Gerçekçilik, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Erzurum 2013 Ebû’l-Kâsım Sadullah, Dirâsât fî’l-Edebi’l-Cezâiriyy’l-Hadîs, Daru’-Râid li’l-Kitâb, Cezayir, 5. Baskı, 2007. Ebu’l-Kâsım Sadullah, Târîhu’s-Sekâfî, c. 10, 1954 -1962, Dâru’l-Basâir, Cezayir, 2007. Gülyaşar Demirci, Mısır Edebiyatında Kısa Hikâye, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erzurum 2014. Mahlûf ‘Âmir, Mazâhiru’t-Tecdîd fî’l-Kıssati’l-Kasîra bi’l-Cezâir, İttihâdu’l-Kuttâbi’l-Arab, 1988. Mucâhid Muhammed, el-Hikâyâtu’ş-Şa‘biyye, Künûz li’n-Neşr ve’t-Tevzî‘, 1.Baskı, 2011. Muhammed Sa‘îd Ez-Zâhirî, el-İslâmu fî Hâcetin ilâ de‘âye ve tebşir (Mecmû‘a Kasasiyye), Cezayir, Dâru’l-Kütub, 3. Baskı, 1383. Nur Selmân, el-Edebul’l-Cezâirî er-Rafd ve’t-Tahrîr, Dâru’l-Asâle li’n-Neşr ve’t-Tevzî‘, Beyrut, 2009. Şureybıt Ahmed Şureybıt, Tatavvuru’l-Binyeti’l-Fenniye fî’l-Kıssati’l-Cezâiriyyeti’l-Mu‘âsıra, 1947 -1985, Arap Yazarlar Birliği yayınları, 1998. Turgay Gökgöz, Bağımsızlık Sonrası Cezayir’de Edebi Ve Kültürel Çevre (1962-2016), Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul 2018. Umer b. Kayne, fi’l-edebi’l-cezâiriyyi’l-Hadîs (Târihan ve Envâʻan ve Kadâyâ ve Aʻmâlen) Divânu’l-Matbûʻât el-Câmiʻiyye, Cezayir 1995.