Kentli bir Osmanlı Seçkininin Kendine Öz-Biçim Vermesi: Tahazâde Ahmad Efendi (ö. 1773) Örneği

Year 2014, , 393 - 425, 15.04.2014

Charles Wilkins

https://doi.org/10.18589/oa.562140

Abstract

18. yüzyıl Osmanlı taşrasındaki seçkinlerin (âyânlar) siyasî, sosyal ve iktisadî rollerine dair bir çok araştırma mevcut olsa da söz konusu ayanların kültürel yönelimleri
ve kişisel ilgileri hakkındaki bilgilerimiz hâlâ sınırlıdır. Merkezî Osmanlı hükümeti
ile taşradaki tebaa arasında siyasî arabulucu işlevi görmekte olan âyânların bir çoğu,
Osmanlı memuru olmaları hasebiyle de kendilerinden yapmaları beklenen muhtelif
görevler ile içinde bulundukları ya da kök saldıkları taşra toplumlarının kültürel
hususiyetçiliği (particularism) arasında kalan grift bir yerde bulunmaktaydılar. Bu
çalışmada, yukarıda tasvir edilen seçkinlerden birinin, hem kadılık hem de tüccarlık
yapan Tahazâde Ahmed Efendi’nin, 18. yüzyıl ortalarında Halep’te kurduğu bir medresenin vakfiyesi incelenmiştir. Vakfiye metni, bilhassa kütüphane envanteri, istihdam
stratejisi, müfredat şartı ve seçilen dualar incelenmiş, ve Tahazâde Ahmed Efendi’nin
hesaplı ve incelikli bir şekilde kendine has ve muhtar bir sosyal statü ve kültürel kimlik
tasarladığı tespit edilmiştir. Ahmed Efendi’nin medrese müfredatında Hanefî fıkhına
yer vermesi, kütüphanesinde ekseriyetle Hanefî mezhebiyle ilgili eserlerin olması ve
Edeb-i Osmanî geleneği dairesinde Türk ve Fars şiiri ile ilgilenmesi, kendisini Osmanlı adli ve içtimai düzeni ile özdeşleştirdiğini göstermektedir. Öte taraftan Ahmed
Efendi’nin kendi kültürel ve entelektüel yönelimini ortaya koyduğu bir alanı da inşa
etmekten kaçınmadığı tespit edilebilmektedir. Bu husus özellikle kendi şerif liğini
öne çıkarması ve nakibüleşrafa liderlik yapmak istemesinde açıkça fark edilebilmektedir. Yine kütüphanesinde önemli şecere metinlere sahip olması, Osmanlı öncesine
dair farkındalığı (örneğin Memluk Sultanlığı dönemine ait kronikleri ve biyografik
sözlükleri edinmeye özellikle gayret sarfetmesi, Osmanlı öncesi saygın ve mahalli
olarak köklü bir çok Sufî tarikatine mensubiyeti), muvakkitlerin eğitimine verdiği  büyük mali ve teknik destek sağlaması, ve belki de en dikkat çekici olanı ağırlıklı
olarak Musul civarından gelen Kürtlere medresesinde müderris ve talebe olmaları
için açıkça ve kapsamlı bir şekilde hamilik etmesi de bu fikri, - kendi özbiçimini inşa
ettiği fikrini- desteklemektedir.

Keywords

Halep, Tahazâde Ahmed Efendi, Ayan, Eşraf, Kürtler, vakfiye, öz-biçim, medrese

References

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