Hatşepsut: Naibelikten Firavunluğa Yürüyen Bir Kraliçe

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 277 - 300, 21.09.2020

Cemal Yılmaz

Abstract

Yeni Krallık Dönemi’nde18. Hanedan’ın mensubu olarak önce kral naibi, ardından ise kral (firavun) olup yönetimde etkili olan Hatşepsut, Eski Mısır’ın önde gelen şahsiyetlerindendir. Kocası II. Tutmosis’in ölümü üzerine tahta geçen III. Tutmosis’in yaşının çok küçük olmasından dolayı Hatşepsut kral naibi olarak yönetimi geçici olarak devralmıştır. Ancak günden güne güçlenen kraliçe, üvey oğlu III. Tutmosis’i geri plana iterek taç giymiş ve erkek firavunlardan farksız biçimde Mısır’ı yönetmeye başlamıştır. Meşruiyetini de sağlayan Hatşepsut 20 yıl boyunca iktidarda kalmış ve önemli işlere imza atmıştır. Genellikle erkeklerin geçtiği krallık makamında olmasından dolayı sanatsal çalışmalarda kendini kimi zaman bir erkek gibi tasvir ettiren Hatşepsut kadın kimliğini gizlemeyerek, öz benliğini yansıtan heykel ve resimler de yaptırmıştır. Resmî törenlerde ise bir gelenek olarak firavunların uyguladığı takma sakal kullanmayı da ihmal etmeyen kraliçe, saltanatı boyunca bu ve benzeri seremonileri başarıyla yerine getirmiştir. Bütün bunlar kaynaklarda onun “kadın firavun” olarak nitelendirilmesine neden olmuştur. Dönemindeki gelişmelere bakıldığında ise savaşlardan ziyade daha çok ticari faaliyetlerin ön planda olduğu görülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda pek çok bölgeyle ticari ilişkiler geliştirilmiştir. Bunlar arasında ise en önemlisi Punt Seferi’dir. Öte yandan Hatşepsut’un döneminde az da olsa askeri sefer yapıldığı dile getirilmektedir. Özet olarak, bu çalışmada Eski Mısır tarihinin en önemli şahsiyetlerinden biri olan Hatşepsut ve dönemi incelenmiştir. Giriş bölümünde ise Hatşepsut’un bu konuda ilk olmadığının anlaşılması için yönetimde söz sahibi olan kraliçeler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.

Keywords

Eski Mısır, Hatşepsut,, Kadın Firavun, Kral Naibi, III. Tutmosis

Hatshepsut: A Queen Who Walking from Regent to the Pharaoh

Abstract

During the New Kingdom Period, Hatshepsut, who was first the regent and then the king (pharaoh) as a member of the 18th Dynasty, was one of the leading figures of Ancient Egypt. Hatshepsut temporarily took over the administration as regent, due to the very young age of Tutmosis III, who took the throne after the death of her husband Tutmosis II. However, the queen, who got stronger day by day, pushed her stepson Thutmose III to the background and she was crowned and started to rule Egypt without being different from the male pharaohs. Hatshepsut who also provided its legitimacy, remained in the administration for 20 years and achieved important practice. Hatshepsut, who sometimes portrayed herself as a man in artistic works due to the fact that she is usually in the kingdom where men rule, has also made sculptures and paintings that reflect her own self, not hiding her female identity. Queen, who did not neglect to use the fake beard, used by the pharaohs as a tradition in official ceremonies, successfully performed these and similar ceremonies during her reign. All this caused him to be described as a "woman pharaoh" in sources. Considering the developments in her period, it is seen that commercial activities are more in the foreground than wars. In this direction, commercial relations have been developed with many regions. The most important of these relations is the one with the country of Punt. On the other hand, it is stated that there was a small amount of military expeditions during Hatshepsut's period. In summary, in this study one of the most important figures in the history of Ancient Egypt, Hatshepsut and her period were examined. In the introduction section, information is given about the queens who have a say in the administration to understand that Hatshepsut is not the first in this regard.

Keywords

Ancient Egypt,, Hatshepsut,, Female Pharaoh,, Regent,, Thutmose III.

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