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The Complex Impact of Gender Perceptions and Demographic Differences on Well-being: The Case of Türkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 834 - 855, 01.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.1283016

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between gender perception and the well-being of individuals in Türkiye, taking into account demographic variables within the framework of social work knowledge base. Using secondary data from the World Values Survey Wave 7 and qualitative comparative analysis, eleven configurations with different well-being patterns were identified. Our findings reveal that traditional gender roles and expectations in Türkiye can have both positive and negative effects on well-being depending on the specific demographic group. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the complex interplay between demographic variables, gender perceptions, and well-being in different cultural contexts and highlights the need for further research to explore the mechanisms through which gender perceptions and traditional gender roles influence well-being in Türkiye.

References

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  • Akgün, Z. (2020), “Kadınlarda toplumsal cinsiyet normlarına uyum, motivasyon türleri ve yaşam doyumu ilişkisi: Şırnak ili örneği”. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Vol. 8 No. 100: 238-253.
  • Arat, Y. (2010), “Women’s rights and Islam in Turkish politics: The civil code amendment”, Middle East Journal, Vol. 64, No. 2:235–251.
  • Arpaci, F. (2022), “Kadının güçlendirilmesinin yaşam doyumuna etkisi”. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Vol. 26 No. 3: 695-706.
  • Astuti, R. D.; Rini, A. N.; Santoso, R. P. (2022). “Are empowered women healthier in their later life? Empirical analysis using ındonesian longitudinal data”, Journal of Population and Social Studies, Vol. 31: 111–131.
  • Aşkun, V.; Çizel, R. (2020), “Twenty years of research on mixed methods”, Journal of Mixed Methods Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1: 26–40.
  • Aşkun, V.; Çizel, R.; Çizel, B. (2021), “Complex relationship of countries’ ınnovation level with social capital, economic value perception and political culture: fsQCA”, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 2: 317–340.
  • Aşkun, V.; Yağmur, A. (2021), “Beşerî Sermaye, eşitlik algısı, istihdam ve ülke ekonomisi ilişki analizi: Türkiye örneği”, Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Vol. 25, No. 1: 53–66.
  • Aycan, Z. (2004), “Key success factors for women in management in Türkiye”, Applied Psychology, Vol. 53, No. 3: 453–477.
  • Bandura, A. (1997), Self-efficacy: The exercise of control., W. H. Freeman & Co.
  • Berg-Schlosser, D.; De Meur, G.; Rihoux, B.; Ragin, C.C. (2009), Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) as an approach. Configurational comparative methods: Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and related techniques, Rihoux, B. and Ragin, C.C. eds., SAGE, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1–18.
  • Bingöl, O. (2014), “Toplumsal cinsiyet olgusu ve Türkiye'de kadınlık”, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, Vol. 16 No. Özel Sayı 1: 108-114.
  • Buz, S. (2009), “Feminist sosyal hizmet uygulaması”. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, Vol. 20 No.1: 53-66.
  • Cankurtaran, Ö.; Beydili, E. (2016), “Ayrımcılık karşıtı sosyal hizmet uygulamasının gerekliliği üzerine”, Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, Vol. 27 No. 1: 145-160.
  • Chapman, B.; Guven, C. (2016). “Revisiting the relationship between marriage and wellbeing: Does marriage quality matter?”, Journal of Happiness Studies, Vol. 17: 533–551.
  • Clark, A.E.; Frijters, P.; Shields, M.A. (2008), “Relative income, happiness, and utility: An explanation for the easterlin paradox and other puzzles”, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 46, No. 1: 95–144.
  • Connell, R. (2009), Gender, Polity Press, Cambridge.
  • Connell, R.W.; Messerschmidt, J.W. (2005), “Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept”, Gender & Society, Vol. 19, No. 6: 829–859.
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  • Çizel, R.; Aşkun, V.; Çizel, B. (2022a), “Sosyal bilim araştırmalarında bulanık küme nitel karşılaştırmalı analiz yönteminin kullanımı”, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, Vol. 42 No. 2: 549–588.
  • Çizel, R.; Aşkun, V.; Durmaz, Ş.; Yağmur, A.; Gürsoy, S. (2023), “Ne eğitimde ne istihdamda (NEET) Olma ile ilişkili faktörlerin OECD bağlantılı ülkelerde karşılaştırmalı analizi: Bulanık küme nitel karşılaştırmalı analiz (fsQCA)”, Sosyoekonomi, Vol. 31, No. 57: 437-475.
  • Çizel, B.; Kırtıl, İ.G.; Aşkun, V.; Ajanovic, E.; Karakaş, H. (2022b), “Symmetric and asymmetric analysis of tourist behavioral intention’s antecedents”, Quality and Quantity, Vol. 56: 4599-4622.
  • Çizel, B.; Kırtıl, İ.G.; Çizel, R.; Aşkun, V. (2021), “Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde seyahatten kaçınma niyetinin karmaşıklık bakış açısı ile analizi”, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 32 No. 2: 212–223.
  • Diener, E.; Lucas, R.E.; Oishi, S. (2018a), “Advances and open questions in the science of subjective well-being”, Collabra: Psychology, Vol. 4, No. 1: 15–49.
  • Diener, E.; Oishi, S. (2000), Money and happiness: Income and subjective well-being across nations. Culture And Subjective Well-Being, Diener, E. and Suh, E.M. eds., MIT Press, Cambridge: 185–218.
  • Diener, E.; Oishi, S.; Tay, L. (2018b), “Advances in subjective well-being research”, Nature Human Behaviour, Vol. 2, No. 4: 253–260.
  • Diener, E.; Suh, E.M.; Lucas, R.E.; Smith, H.L. (1999), “Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress”, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 125, No. 2: 276–302.
  • Dolan, P.; Peasgood, T.; White, M. (2008), “Do we really know what makes us happy? A review of the economic literature on the factors associated with subjective well-being”, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 29, No. 1: 94–122.
  • Eagly, A.H. (1987), Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-role interpretation, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey.
  • Eagly, A.H.; Wood, W. (1999), “The origins of sex differences in human behavior: Evolved dispositions versus social roles”, American Psychologist, Vol. 54, No. 6: 408–423.
  • Erikli, S. (2020), “Çalışma yaşamında toplumsal cinsiyet ayrımcılığının görünümü”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 2No. 1: 39-60.
  • Erkoyuncu, M. (2023), Aile Mahkemelerinde Sosyal İnceleme. Efe Akademi Yayınları.
  • Fiss, P.C. (2011), “Building better causal theories: A fuzzy set approach to typologies in organization research”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 54, No. 2: 393–420.
  • George, L.K. (1992), Economic status and subjective well-being: A review of the literature and an agenda for future research. Aging, Money, and Life Satisfaction: Aspects of Financial Gerontology, Cutler, N.E., Gregg, D.W. and Lawton, M.P. eds., Springer Publishing Company: 69–99.
  • George, A.L.; Bennett, A. (2005), Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences.
  • Graham, J. M. (1999), “An African centered worldview: Toward a paradigm for social work”, Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 30, No. 1: 103-127.
  • Greckhamer, T.; Furnari, S.; Fiss, P.C.; Aguilera, R. V. (2018), “Studying configurations with qualitative comparative analysis: Best practices in strategy and organization research”, Strategic Organization, Vol. 16, No. 4: 482–495.
  • Güzel, B. (2020). “Türkiye’deki sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının toplumsal cinsiyet algısının belirlenmesi”. Tıbbi Sosyal Hizmet Dergisi, Vol. 16: 82-100.
  • Haerpfer, C.; Inglehart, R.; Moreno, A.; Welzel, C.; Kizilova, K.; Diez-Medrano J.; Lagos, M.; Norris, P.; Ponarin, E.; Puranen, B. (2020), World Values Survey: Round Seven-Country-Pooled Datafile Version 5.0, JD Systems Institute & WVSA Secretariat, Madrid, Spain & Vienna, Austria.
  • Hankivsky, O. (2012), “Women’s health, men’s health, and gender and health: Implications of intersectionality”, Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 74, No. 11: 1712–1720.
  • Helliwell, J.F.; Putnam, R.D. (2004), “The social context of wellbeing”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 359, No. 1449: 1435–1446.
  • ILO (2009), World of Work Report 2009: The Global Jobs Crisis and Beyond, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Jackman, M.R.; Jackman, R.W. (1973), “An interpretation of the relation between objective and subjective social status.”, American Sociological Review, Vol. 38, No. 5: 569–582.
  • Kagitcibasi, C. (2005), “Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context”, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 36, No. 4: 403–422.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1996), Family and human development across cultures: A view from the other side, L. Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey.
  • Kandiyoti, D. (1987), “Emancipated but unliberated? Reflections on the Turkish case”, Feminist Studies, Vol. 13, No. 2: 338.
  • Kim, S. Y., Lee, J., Wester, S. R.; Fouad, N. (2020), “Do “manly” men believe other men are happier? Social comparison, masculine norms, and positive work–family spillover”. Psychology of Men & Masculinities, Vol. 21, No. 2: 251-265.
  • Korlat, S., Holzer, J., Schultes, M. T., Buerger, S., Schober, B., Spiel, C.; Kollmayer, M. (2022), “Benefits of psychological androgyny in adolescence: The role of gender role self-concept in school-related well-being”. Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 13: 856758.
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Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algısı ve Demografik Farklılıkların Esenlik Üzerindeki Karmaşık Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği

Year 2023, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 834 - 855, 01.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.1283016

Abstract

Bu çalışma, sosyal hizmet bilgi temeli çerçevesinde, demografik değişkenleri göz önünde bulundurarak, Türkiye'deki bireylerin toplumsal cinsiyet algıları ile esenlikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktadır. Dünya Değerler Anketi 7. Dalgadan elde edilen ikincil veriler ve nitel karşılaştırmalı analiz kullanılarak, farklı esenlik örüntülerine sahip on bir konfigürasyon belirlenmiştir. Bulgularımız, Türkiye’deki geleneksel toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ve beklentilerinin, belirli demografik gruba bağlı olarak esenlik üzerinde hem olumlu hem de olumsuz etkileri olabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma, farklı kültürel bağlamlarda demografik değişkenler, toplumsal cinsiyet algısı ve esenlik arasındaki karmaşık etkileşimi anlamanın öneminin sosyal hizmet uygulama alanlarındaki işlevselliğini vurgulamakta ve Türkiye’deki toplumsal cinsiyet algısı ve geleneksel toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin esenliği etkileme mekanizmalarını keşfetmek için daha fazla araştırma yapılması gerektiğinin altını çizmektedir.

References

  • Adams, R.; Dominelli, L.; Payne, M. (2015), Sosyal Hizmet Temel Alanlar ve Eleştirel Tartışmalar. Ankara: Nika Yayınevi.
  • Akgün, Z. (2020), “Kadınlarda toplumsal cinsiyet normlarına uyum, motivasyon türleri ve yaşam doyumu ilişkisi: Şırnak ili örneği”. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Vol. 8 No. 100: 238-253.
  • Arat, Y. (2010), “Women’s rights and Islam in Turkish politics: The civil code amendment”, Middle East Journal, Vol. 64, No. 2:235–251.
  • Arpaci, F. (2022), “Kadının güçlendirilmesinin yaşam doyumuna etkisi”. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Vol. 26 No. 3: 695-706.
  • Astuti, R. D.; Rini, A. N.; Santoso, R. P. (2022). “Are empowered women healthier in their later life? Empirical analysis using ındonesian longitudinal data”, Journal of Population and Social Studies, Vol. 31: 111–131.
  • Aşkun, V.; Çizel, R. (2020), “Twenty years of research on mixed methods”, Journal of Mixed Methods Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1: 26–40.
  • Aşkun, V.; Çizel, R.; Çizel, B. (2021), “Complex relationship of countries’ ınnovation level with social capital, economic value perception and political culture: fsQCA”, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 2: 317–340.
  • Aşkun, V.; Yağmur, A. (2021), “Beşerî Sermaye, eşitlik algısı, istihdam ve ülke ekonomisi ilişki analizi: Türkiye örneği”, Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Vol. 25, No. 1: 53–66.
  • Aycan, Z. (2004), “Key success factors for women in management in Türkiye”, Applied Psychology, Vol. 53, No. 3: 453–477.
  • Bandura, A. (1997), Self-efficacy: The exercise of control., W. H. Freeman & Co.
  • Berg-Schlosser, D.; De Meur, G.; Rihoux, B.; Ragin, C.C. (2009), Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) as an approach. Configurational comparative methods: Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and related techniques, Rihoux, B. and Ragin, C.C. eds., SAGE, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1–18.
  • Bingöl, O. (2014), “Toplumsal cinsiyet olgusu ve Türkiye'de kadınlık”, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, Vol. 16 No. Özel Sayı 1: 108-114.
  • Buz, S. (2009), “Feminist sosyal hizmet uygulaması”. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, Vol. 20 No.1: 53-66.
  • Cankurtaran, Ö.; Beydili, E. (2016), “Ayrımcılık karşıtı sosyal hizmet uygulamasının gerekliliği üzerine”, Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, Vol. 27 No. 1: 145-160.
  • Chapman, B.; Guven, C. (2016). “Revisiting the relationship between marriage and wellbeing: Does marriage quality matter?”, Journal of Happiness Studies, Vol. 17: 533–551.
  • Clark, A.E.; Frijters, P.; Shields, M.A. (2008), “Relative income, happiness, and utility: An explanation for the easterlin paradox and other puzzles”, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 46, No. 1: 95–144.
  • Connell, R. (2009), Gender, Polity Press, Cambridge.
  • Connell, R.W.; Messerschmidt, J.W. (2005), “Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept”, Gender & Society, Vol. 19, No. 6: 829–859.
  • Crenshaw, K. (1989), “Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics”, University of Chicago Legal Forum, Vol. 1, 139–167.
  • Çiftçi, M. (2019). “Baskı karşıtı sosyal hizmetin Türkiye'de uygulanabilirliği”. Sosyal Çalışma Dergisi, Vol. 3 No.1: 1-14.
  • Çizel, R.; Aşkun, V.; Çizel, B. (2022a), “Sosyal bilim araştırmalarında bulanık küme nitel karşılaştırmalı analiz yönteminin kullanımı”, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, Vol. 42 No. 2: 549–588.
  • Çizel, R.; Aşkun, V.; Durmaz, Ş.; Yağmur, A.; Gürsoy, S. (2023), “Ne eğitimde ne istihdamda (NEET) Olma ile ilişkili faktörlerin OECD bağlantılı ülkelerde karşılaştırmalı analizi: Bulanık küme nitel karşılaştırmalı analiz (fsQCA)”, Sosyoekonomi, Vol. 31, No. 57: 437-475.
  • Çizel, B.; Kırtıl, İ.G.; Aşkun, V.; Ajanovic, E.; Karakaş, H. (2022b), “Symmetric and asymmetric analysis of tourist behavioral intention’s antecedents”, Quality and Quantity, Vol. 56: 4599-4622.
  • Çizel, B.; Kırtıl, İ.G.; Çizel, R.; Aşkun, V. (2021), “Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde seyahatten kaçınma niyetinin karmaşıklık bakış açısı ile analizi”, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 32 No. 2: 212–223.
  • Diener, E.; Lucas, R.E.; Oishi, S. (2018a), “Advances and open questions in the science of subjective well-being”, Collabra: Psychology, Vol. 4, No. 1: 15–49.
  • Diener, E.; Oishi, S. (2000), Money and happiness: Income and subjective well-being across nations. Culture And Subjective Well-Being, Diener, E. and Suh, E.M. eds., MIT Press, Cambridge: 185–218.
  • Diener, E.; Oishi, S.; Tay, L. (2018b), “Advances in subjective well-being research”, Nature Human Behaviour, Vol. 2, No. 4: 253–260.
  • Diener, E.; Suh, E.M.; Lucas, R.E.; Smith, H.L. (1999), “Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress”, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 125, No. 2: 276–302.
  • Dolan, P.; Peasgood, T.; White, M. (2008), “Do we really know what makes us happy? A review of the economic literature on the factors associated with subjective well-being”, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 29, No. 1: 94–122.
  • Eagly, A.H. (1987), Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-role interpretation, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey.
  • Eagly, A.H.; Wood, W. (1999), “The origins of sex differences in human behavior: Evolved dispositions versus social roles”, American Psychologist, Vol. 54, No. 6: 408–423.
  • Erikli, S. (2020), “Çalışma yaşamında toplumsal cinsiyet ayrımcılığının görünümü”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 2No. 1: 39-60.
  • Erkoyuncu, M. (2023), Aile Mahkemelerinde Sosyal İnceleme. Efe Akademi Yayınları.
  • Fiss, P.C. (2011), “Building better causal theories: A fuzzy set approach to typologies in organization research”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 54, No. 2: 393–420.
  • George, L.K. (1992), Economic status and subjective well-being: A review of the literature and an agenda for future research. Aging, Money, and Life Satisfaction: Aspects of Financial Gerontology, Cutler, N.E., Gregg, D.W. and Lawton, M.P. eds., Springer Publishing Company: 69–99.
  • George, A.L.; Bennett, A. (2005), Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences.
  • Graham, J. M. (1999), “An African centered worldview: Toward a paradigm for social work”, Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 30, No. 1: 103-127.
  • Greckhamer, T.; Furnari, S.; Fiss, P.C.; Aguilera, R. V. (2018), “Studying configurations with qualitative comparative analysis: Best practices in strategy and organization research”, Strategic Organization, Vol. 16, No. 4: 482–495.
  • Güzel, B. (2020). “Türkiye’deki sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının toplumsal cinsiyet algısının belirlenmesi”. Tıbbi Sosyal Hizmet Dergisi, Vol. 16: 82-100.
  • Haerpfer, C.; Inglehart, R.; Moreno, A.; Welzel, C.; Kizilova, K.; Diez-Medrano J.; Lagos, M.; Norris, P.; Ponarin, E.; Puranen, B. (2020), World Values Survey: Round Seven-Country-Pooled Datafile Version 5.0, JD Systems Institute & WVSA Secretariat, Madrid, Spain & Vienna, Austria.
  • Hankivsky, O. (2012), “Women’s health, men’s health, and gender and health: Implications of intersectionality”, Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 74, No. 11: 1712–1720.
  • Helliwell, J.F.; Putnam, R.D. (2004), “The social context of wellbeing”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 359, No. 1449: 1435–1446.
  • ILO (2009), World of Work Report 2009: The Global Jobs Crisis and Beyond, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Jackman, M.R.; Jackman, R.W. (1973), “An interpretation of the relation between objective and subjective social status.”, American Sociological Review, Vol. 38, No. 5: 569–582.
  • Kagitcibasi, C. (2005), “Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context”, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 36, No. 4: 403–422.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1996), Family and human development across cultures: A view from the other side, L. Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey.
  • Kandiyoti, D. (1987), “Emancipated but unliberated? Reflections on the Turkish case”, Feminist Studies, Vol. 13, No. 2: 338.
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There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Gender and Politics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Volkan Aşkun 0000-0003-2746-502X

Murat Erkoyuncu 0000-0001-8368-7685

Publication Date December 1, 2023
Submission Date April 14, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Aşkun, V., & Erkoyuncu, M. (2023). Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algısı ve Demografik Farklılıkların Esenlik Üzerindeki Karmaşık Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 18(3), 834-855. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.1283016