Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Mediating Role of Implicit Leadership in The Effect of Locus of Control and Organizational Culture on Employees’ Organizational Commitment

Year 2025, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 112 - 130

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of locus of control (LOC) and organizational culture on organizational commitment together with the mediating role of implicit leadership [i.e., leader prototype in the minds of the employees—ILTs, perceived leadership—ILTs recognition, and congruence (between ILTs and ILTs recognition) variable]. According to the data collected from 558 employees in the education and health care sectors within Balıkesir province of Türkiye, internal LOC and all dimensions of organizational culture (i.e., flexible, market, and hierarchy) exhibit a positive influence on organizational commitment with the mediation role of ILTs recognition and congruence variable. Findings also indicate that internal LOC and flexible culture positively affect ILTs, while external LOC negatively.

Ethical Statement

The questionnaire and methodology for this study were approved by the Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee of the University of Erciyes (Ethics approval date and number: 22.02.2022/73).

References

  • Acar, A. Z. (2013). Farklı örgüt kültürü tipleri ve liderlik tarzları ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişki: Lojistik işletmelerinde bir araştırma. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 5-31.
  • Akdeniz, B. (2018). Örgüt kültürü ile güvenlik kültürü ilişkisinin iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından incelenmesi: Bir maden işletmesinde uygulama [Doctoral dissertation, Dumlupınar University, Türkiye].
  • Angelova, N. V. (2016). Locus of control and its relationship with some social-demographic factors. Psychological Thought, 9(2), 248-258. https://doi.org/10.5964/psyct.v9i2.179
  • Barney, J. B. (1986). Organizational culture: Can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage?. Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 656-665. https://doi.org/10.2307/258317
  • Buchanan, D., & Huczynski, A. (1997). Organizational behaviour: An introductory text (Third Edition). Printice Hall International.
  • Cameron, K. S., & Quinn R. E. (2006). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture: Based on the competing values framework. Revised Edition. The Jossey-Bass Business & Management Series.
  • Epitropaki, O., & Martin, R. (2004). Implicit leadership theories in applied settings: Factor structure, generalizability and stability over time. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(2), 293-310. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.2.293
  • Epitropaki, O., & Martin, R. (2005). From ideal to real: A longitudinal study of the role of implicit leadership theories on leader–member exchanges and employee outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 659-676. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.659
  • Epitropaki, O., Sy, T., Martin, R., Tram-Quon, S., & Topakas, A. (2013). Implicit leadership and folowership theoris on the wild: Taking stock of information-processing approaches to leadership and followership in organizational settings. The Leadership Quarterly, 24, 858-881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.10.005
  • Erdem, R. (2007). Örgüt kültürü tipleri ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişki: Elazığ il merkezindeki hastaneler üzerinde bir çalışma. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 2(2), 63-79.
  • Ferreira, A. I., & Hill, M. M. (2008). Organisational cultures in public and private Portuguese universities: A case study. Higher Education, 55(6), 637-650.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-007-9080-6
  • Junker, N. M., Schyns, B., van Dick, R., & Scheurer, S. (2011). The importance of leader categorization for commitment, job satisfaction, and well-being with particular consideration of gender role theory. Organisations Psychologie 55(4), 171-179. https://doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000055
  • Junker, N. M., & van Dick, R. (2014). Implicit theories in organizational settings: A systematic review and research agenda of implicit leadership and followership theories. The Leadership Quarterly, 25, 1154–1173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.09.002
  • Kaya, Ç. (2016). Kontrol odağı ve örgütsel muhalefet arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir araştırma. Marmara Üniversitesi Öneri Dergisi, 12(46), 81-96. https://doi.org/10.14783/od.v12i46.1000010005
  • Keller, T. (1999). Images of the familiar: Individual differences and implicit leadership theories. Leadership Quarterly, 10(3), 590-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(99)00033-8
  • Köse, M. F., & Korkmaz, M. (2020). Örgüt kültürü değerlendirme ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, (1), 126-133.
  • Lim, S. A., Rozaidah, D. S., Zain, A. Y. M., & Othman, R. (2010). Personality traits and implicit leadership theories of Bruneians. International Academy of Business and Economics, 10(1), 302-319. https://doi.org/10.1080/10599231.2012.718674
  • Lord, R. G., Foti, R. J., & De Valder, C. L. (1984). A test of leadership categorization theory: Internal structure, information processing, and leadership perceptions. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 34, 343-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(84)90043-6
  • Luthans, F., Baack, D., & Taylor, L. (1987). Organizational commitment: Analysis of antecedents. Human Relations, 40(4), 219-236. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678704000403
  • Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 171-194. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.2.171
  • Meydan, C. H., & Basım, H. N. (2015). Örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışında kontrol odağı, örgütsel adalet algısı ve örgütsel bağlılığın etkisi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(1), 99-116. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.16813
  • Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1,61-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
  • Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 20-52. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842
  • Ministry of Education. (2022, Eylül). Milli eğitim istatistikleri örgün eğitim 2021/22.
  • Ministry of Health. (2022, Mayıs). Sağlık istatistikleri yıllığı 2020.
  • Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 224-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1
  • Offermann, L. R., Kennedy, J. K., & Wirtz, P. W. (1994). Implicit leadership theories: Content, structure, and generalizability. Leadership Quarterly, 5(1), 43-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(94)90005-1
  • Paris, L. D. (2004). The effects of gender and culture on implicit leadership theories: A cross-cultural study. Academy of Management Best Conference Paper. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2004.13863009
  • Richard, O. C., McMillan-Capehart, A., Bhuian, S. N., & Taylor, E. C. (2009). Antecedents and consequences of psychological contracts: Does organizational culture really matter?. Journal of Business Research, 62, 818-825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.04.001
  • Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80 (1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0092976
  • Rotter, J. B. (1990). Internal versus external control of reinforcement: A case history of a variable. American Psychologist, 45(4), 489-493. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.4.489
  • Schein, E. H. (1984). Coming to a new awareness of organizational culture. Sloan Management Review (pre-1986), 25(2), 3-16.
  • Schein, E. H. (1990). Organizational culture. American Psychologist, 45, 109-119. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.2.109
  • Shen, W. (2019). Personal and situational antecedents of workers’ implicit leadership theories: A within-person, between-jobs design. Journal of Leadership &Organizational Studies, 26(2), 204–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051818784001
  • Spector, P. E. (1982). Behavior in organizations as a function of employee’s locus of control. Psychological Bulletin, 1982, 91(3), 482-497. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.91.3.482
  • Şeşen, H. (2010). Öncülleri ve sonuçları ile örgüt içi girişimcilik: Türk savunma sanayinde bir araştırma [Doctoral dissertation, Kara Harp Okulu Savunma Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye].
  • Tabak, A., Kızıloğlu, A., & Polat, M. (2010). Türkiye’de örtülü liderlik kuramı: İçeriği ve yapısı. Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7 (2), 72-86.
  • Tabak, A., Kızıloğlu, A., & Türköz, T. (2013). Örtük liderlik ölçeği geliştirme çalışması. ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 40, 97-138.
  • Topakas, A. (2011). Measurement of implicit leadersip theories and their effect on leadership processes and outcomes [Doctoral dissertation, Aston University, UK].
  • Wu, C. H., Griffin, M. A., & Parker, S. K. (2015). Developing agency through good work: Longitudinal effects of job autonomy and skill utilization on locus of control. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 89, 102-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.05.004

Kontrol Odağı ve Örgüt Kültürünün Çalışanların Örgütsel Bağlılığına Etkisinde Örtük Liderliğin Aracı Rolü

Year 2025, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 112 - 130

Abstract

Bu çalışma; kontrol odağı ve örgüt kültürünün örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki etkilerini, örtük liderliğin [çalışanların zihinlerindeki lider prototipi (örtük liderlik teorileri), mevcut yöneticilerinin liderlik özelliklerine ilişkin çalışan algıları (algılanan liderlik) ve uyum değişkeni (örtük liderlik teorileri ile algılanan liderlik arasındaki uyum)] aracılık rolü ile birlikte incelemektedir. Balıkesir ilinde eğitim ve sağlık sektöründe görev yapmakta olan 558 çalışandan elde edilen verilere göre, iç kontrol odağı ile tüm örgüt kültürü boyutları (esnek, rekabetçi ve hiyerarşik) örgütsel bağlılığı pozitif yönde etkilemekte ve algılanan liderlik ile uyum değişkeni söz konusu bu etkilere aracılık etmektedir. Ayrıca araştırma sonuçları, örtük liderlik teorilerinin oluşumunda iç kontrol odağı ile esnek örgüt kültürünün pozitif, dış kontrol odağının ise negatif yönde etkisinin olduğunu göstermektedir.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma 22.02.2022 tarih ve 73 sayılı Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Etik Kurulu'nun Onay Belgesi ile Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanmıştır.

References

  • Acar, A. Z. (2013). Farklı örgüt kültürü tipleri ve liderlik tarzları ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişki: Lojistik işletmelerinde bir araştırma. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 5-31.
  • Akdeniz, B. (2018). Örgüt kültürü ile güvenlik kültürü ilişkisinin iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından incelenmesi: Bir maden işletmesinde uygulama [Doctoral dissertation, Dumlupınar University, Türkiye].
  • Angelova, N. V. (2016). Locus of control and its relationship with some social-demographic factors. Psychological Thought, 9(2), 248-258. https://doi.org/10.5964/psyct.v9i2.179
  • Barney, J. B. (1986). Organizational culture: Can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage?. Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 656-665. https://doi.org/10.2307/258317
  • Buchanan, D., & Huczynski, A. (1997). Organizational behaviour: An introductory text (Third Edition). Printice Hall International.
  • Cameron, K. S., & Quinn R. E. (2006). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture: Based on the competing values framework. Revised Edition. The Jossey-Bass Business & Management Series.
  • Epitropaki, O., & Martin, R. (2004). Implicit leadership theories in applied settings: Factor structure, generalizability and stability over time. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(2), 293-310. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.2.293
  • Epitropaki, O., & Martin, R. (2005). From ideal to real: A longitudinal study of the role of implicit leadership theories on leader–member exchanges and employee outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 659-676. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.659
  • Epitropaki, O., Sy, T., Martin, R., Tram-Quon, S., & Topakas, A. (2013). Implicit leadership and folowership theoris on the wild: Taking stock of information-processing approaches to leadership and followership in organizational settings. The Leadership Quarterly, 24, 858-881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.10.005
  • Erdem, R. (2007). Örgüt kültürü tipleri ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişki: Elazığ il merkezindeki hastaneler üzerinde bir çalışma. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 2(2), 63-79.
  • Ferreira, A. I., & Hill, M. M. (2008). Organisational cultures in public and private Portuguese universities: A case study. Higher Education, 55(6), 637-650.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-007-9080-6
  • Junker, N. M., Schyns, B., van Dick, R., & Scheurer, S. (2011). The importance of leader categorization for commitment, job satisfaction, and well-being with particular consideration of gender role theory. Organisations Psychologie 55(4), 171-179. https://doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000055
  • Junker, N. M., & van Dick, R. (2014). Implicit theories in organizational settings: A systematic review and research agenda of implicit leadership and followership theories. The Leadership Quarterly, 25, 1154–1173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.09.002
  • Kaya, Ç. (2016). Kontrol odağı ve örgütsel muhalefet arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir araştırma. Marmara Üniversitesi Öneri Dergisi, 12(46), 81-96. https://doi.org/10.14783/od.v12i46.1000010005
  • Keller, T. (1999). Images of the familiar: Individual differences and implicit leadership theories. Leadership Quarterly, 10(3), 590-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(99)00033-8
  • Köse, M. F., & Korkmaz, M. (2020). Örgüt kültürü değerlendirme ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, (1), 126-133.
  • Lim, S. A., Rozaidah, D. S., Zain, A. Y. M., & Othman, R. (2010). Personality traits and implicit leadership theories of Bruneians. International Academy of Business and Economics, 10(1), 302-319. https://doi.org/10.1080/10599231.2012.718674
  • Lord, R. G., Foti, R. J., & De Valder, C. L. (1984). A test of leadership categorization theory: Internal structure, information processing, and leadership perceptions. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 34, 343-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(84)90043-6
  • Luthans, F., Baack, D., & Taylor, L. (1987). Organizational commitment: Analysis of antecedents. Human Relations, 40(4), 219-236. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678704000403
  • Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 171-194. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.2.171
  • Meydan, C. H., & Basım, H. N. (2015). Örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışında kontrol odağı, örgütsel adalet algısı ve örgütsel bağlılığın etkisi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(1), 99-116. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.16813
  • Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1,61-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
  • Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 20-52. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842
  • Ministry of Education. (2022, Eylül). Milli eğitim istatistikleri örgün eğitim 2021/22.
  • Ministry of Health. (2022, Mayıs). Sağlık istatistikleri yıllığı 2020.
  • Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 224-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1
  • Offermann, L. R., Kennedy, J. K., & Wirtz, P. W. (1994). Implicit leadership theories: Content, structure, and generalizability. Leadership Quarterly, 5(1), 43-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(94)90005-1
  • Paris, L. D. (2004). The effects of gender and culture on implicit leadership theories: A cross-cultural study. Academy of Management Best Conference Paper. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2004.13863009
  • Richard, O. C., McMillan-Capehart, A., Bhuian, S. N., & Taylor, E. C. (2009). Antecedents and consequences of psychological contracts: Does organizational culture really matter?. Journal of Business Research, 62, 818-825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.04.001
  • Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80 (1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0092976
  • Rotter, J. B. (1990). Internal versus external control of reinforcement: A case history of a variable. American Psychologist, 45(4), 489-493. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.4.489
  • Schein, E. H. (1984). Coming to a new awareness of organizational culture. Sloan Management Review (pre-1986), 25(2), 3-16.
  • Schein, E. H. (1990). Organizational culture. American Psychologist, 45, 109-119. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.2.109
  • Shen, W. (2019). Personal and situational antecedents of workers’ implicit leadership theories: A within-person, between-jobs design. Journal of Leadership &Organizational Studies, 26(2), 204–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051818784001
  • Spector, P. E. (1982). Behavior in organizations as a function of employee’s locus of control. Psychological Bulletin, 1982, 91(3), 482-497. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.91.3.482
  • Şeşen, H. (2010). Öncülleri ve sonuçları ile örgüt içi girişimcilik: Türk savunma sanayinde bir araştırma [Doctoral dissertation, Kara Harp Okulu Savunma Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye].
  • Tabak, A., Kızıloğlu, A., & Polat, M. (2010). Türkiye’de örtülü liderlik kuramı: İçeriği ve yapısı. Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7 (2), 72-86.
  • Tabak, A., Kızıloğlu, A., & Türköz, T. (2013). Örtük liderlik ölçeği geliştirme çalışması. ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 40, 97-138.
  • Topakas, A. (2011). Measurement of implicit leadersip theories and their effect on leadership processes and outcomes [Doctoral dissertation, Aston University, UK].
  • Wu, C. H., Griffin, M. A., & Parker, S. K. (2015). Developing agency through good work: Longitudinal effects of job autonomy and skill utilization on locus of control. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 89, 102-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.05.004
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Umut Ayyıldız 0000-0003-1342-3849

Ayşegül Asuman Akdoğan 0000-0001-7373-4556

Korhan Karacaoğlu 0000-0003-0577-231X

Publication Date
Submission Date March 21, 2024
Acceptance Date July 4, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 20 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ayyıldız, U., Akdoğan, A. A., & Karacaoğlu, K. (n.d.). The Mediating Role of Implicit Leadership in The Effect of Locus of Control and Organizational Culture on Employees’ Organizational Commitment. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 20(1), 112-130.