ABD Hegemonik Paradigmasının Dönüşümünün Tarihsel Süreçteki İzini Sürmek: Gömülü Liberalizmden Parçalanmış Finansal Liberalizme

Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 17 - 40, 29.03.2023

Betül Sarı Aksakal

https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1200653

Abstract

Amerika’nın İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan bu yana dünya çapında hakim bir güç olarak ortaya çıkışı, bazı tarihsel tecrübeler ışığında incelenmesi gereken bir konudur. İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından ABD dünyanın çöken uluslararası para ve finans sistemini yeniden kurmuş, böylelikle lider pozisyonda olacağı uluslararası kapitalist sistemi oluşturmuştur. Gömülü liberalizm, ekonomik, politik ve kurumsal bir örgütlenme stratejisi olarak ABD hegemonyasını sağlamlaştırarak istikrarlı bir hale getirmiş, uluslararası sistemde ABD’nin başrol oynadığı bir küresel ekonominin somutlaşmasının koşullarını yaratmıştır. 1970'lerin ortalarından itibaren ise-neoliberal politikalara geçişin doğal bir sonucu olarak, dünya ekonomisinin finans kapital ile karakterize bir birikim rejimine entegrasyonunun ardından, parçalanmış finansal liberalizmin ABD hegemonyasının devamlılığını sağlayacak yeni bir strateji olarak etkisini göstermeye başladığı anlaşılmıştır. Çalışma, ABD hegemonyasının ortaya çıkışından günümüze kadar uzanan zaman diliminde, ABD’nin hegemonik stratejisinde meydana gelen değişimi açıklama sorunsalından hareket etmiştir. Bu sorunsal bağlamında, ABD hegemonik stratejisinin gömülü liberalizmden parçalanmış finansal liberalizme kayışı ve bu kayışı belirleyen temel dinamikler tarihsel perspektif ekseninde irdelenmiştir.

Keywords

Amerikan hegemonyası, gömülü liberalizm, Soğuk Savaş, parçalanmış finansal liberalizm, finansal krizler.

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

Bu çalışma Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İngilizce İktisat Anabilim Dalı’nda Doç. Dr. Muammer KAYMAK danışmanlığında Betül SARI AKSAKAL tarafından “Financialization and the US Hegemony: A Critical Approach to Contemporary Debates” başlığı devam etmekte olan –Doktora tezinden türetilmiştir. Hocama emekleri ve bana sunduğu katkılardan dolayı çok teşekkür ederim.

Tracing the Transformation of the US’s Hegemonic Paradigm in the Historical Process: From Embedded Liberalism to Disembedded Financial Liberalism

Abstract

The emergence of the United States (US) as the worldwide dominant power is an affair that needs to be investigated in light of some historical experiences. Afterward the Second World War, the US reestablished the world’s deteriorating international monetary and financial system. Embedded liberalism reinforced and stabilized the US hegemony (as the form of economic, political, and institutional organization) by generating the requirements for consolidating the global economy in which the US takes a leading role. From the mid-1970s, after integrating the world economy into an accumulation regime characterized by finance capital-as, a natural consequence of the transition to neoliberal policies-it was understood that fragmented financial liberalism began to show its effect as a new strategy that would ensure the continuity of the US hegemony. The study has departed from the problematic of elucidating the change in the hegemonic strategy of the US from its birth to the present day. In this problematic context, the shift of the US hegemonic strategy from embedded liberalism to disembedded financial liberalism and the central dynamics determining this shift is examined in the axis of historical perspective.

Keywords

Embedded liberalism, US hegemony, Cold War, disembedded financial liberalism, financial crises.

Project Number

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