Struggling the pandemic crises as a global public good: the economic implications of pandemics

Year 2020, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 758 - 775, 01.10.2020

Hünkar Güler

https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.730281

Abstract

Public goods which have the features of nonrivalry in consumption and nonexcludability have positive externalaties spreading the large masses, and also cover negative externalaties (public bads) not to damage the environment, health and so on. Cross-border spillover effects of externalaties actually make the public goods convert to global public goods. In this sense, struggling the pandemics is a most crucial global public good which does not only impact human life but also prevents the collapse of national economies. Pandemics slow the pace of economic growth as well as increasing the loss of workforce. Governments employ a balance between the increase in spread of disease and mortality, and economic stability. This paper attempts to explain the whole story of the pandemics and their economic implications by giving examples from literature. Main finding resulted from the papers written on this issue is that pandemics exacerbate the national economies through different channels. Developed and developing countries should take the pandemics into account as a regressive power or obstacle in front of economic growth and stability of state budgets, strongly collaborate against pandemic as a naturel disaster, support their healthcare systems and be ready for these kinds of disasters.

Keywords

Pandemics, Health, Global Public Goods

Küresel kamusal bir mal olarak salgın hastalık krizleriyle mücadele küresel salgınların ekonomik etkileri

Abstract

Kamusal malların (public goods) özelliği tüketimde rekabetin olmaması ve tüketimden dışlanamamadır. Kamusal mallarda pozitif dışsallıklar geniş kitlelere yayılmakla birlikte genellikle çevre ve sağlık gibi alanlarda ortaya çıkan negatif dışsallıkların (kamusal kötüler) içselleştirilmesiyle de gündeme gelmektedirler. Dışsallıkların ulusal sınırları aşan etkisi kamusal malları küresel kamusal mallara dönüştürmektedir. Bu bağlamda, salgın hastalıklarla (pandemics) mücadele sadece insan hayatını korumakla kalmayan aynı zamanda ulusal ekonomilerin yıkımını da önleyen küresel kamusal bir maldır. Salgın hastalıklar neticesinde işgücü kaybıyla birlikte ekonomik büyüme hızı da yavaşlamaktadır. Ulusal devletler, hastalığın yayılması ve ölüm oranlarının artmasıyla ekonomilerin istikrarı arasında denge kurmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışma, salgın hastalıkların kısa tarihini ve bu hastalıkların ekonomik etkilerini literatürden örnekler vererek açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler salgın hastalıkları ekonomik büyüme denkleminde dikkate almalı ve bütçelerini buna göre düzenlemeli, salgın hastalıklar gibi doğal afetler karşısında daha güçlü bir işbirliğine gitmeli, sağlık sistemlerini güçlendirmeli ve bu tür afetlere karşı hazırlıklı olmalıdırlar.

Keywords

Salgın Hastalıklar, Sağlık, Küresel Kamusal Mallar

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