KAMU POLİTİKALARINDA YAPAY ZEKÂ UYGULAMALARI: KANADA GÖÇMENLİK SİSTEMİ ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 21, 209 - 241, 16.01.2025

Seda Çankaya Kurnaz

https://doi.org/10.32002/ombudsmanakademik.1496218

Öz

Bu çalışma kamu sektöründe oldukça yeni bir yer bulan yapay zekâ uygulamalarının mahiyetine ilişkin bir analiz ortaya koymak ve Kanada Göçmenlik, Mülteciler ve Vatandaşlık Dairesi'nin 2018’den bu yana Geçici İkamet Vizesi (GİV) alımında yapay zekâ uygulamalarını kullanarak yürüttüğü üç analitik tabanlı sistemin detaylarına yer vermek amacı ile hazırlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda kamu politikalarında yapay zekâ hangi alanlarda kullanılmaktadır? Kanada göçmenlik sisteminde yapay zekâ algoritmaları nasıl kullanılmaktadır? Kanada göçmenlik sisteminde GİV başvurularının genel durumu nedir? Kanada göçmenlik sisteminde yapay zekâ kullanımının riskleri ve fırsatları nelerdir? sorularına cevap aranmıştır. Belirlenen araştırma sorularına cevap bulmak için Kanada Hükümetinin resmî web sitesinde Göç ve Vatandaşlık ile ilgili tüm bilgi, belge ve ampirik verilerin yer aldığı veri tabanı taranmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda yapay zekânın kamu politikalarında başarılı bir şekilde uygulanması sürecinde en önemli hususların, insan hakları yükümlülüklerine dayanan teknolojilerin kullanılması ve bu teknolojilerde kullanılan büyük verinin güvenli bir şekilde işlenmesi olduğu vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

E-devlet, Göçmenlik Sistemi, Kamu Politikaları, Kanada, Yapay Zekâ

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Public Policies: The Case of Canada Immigration System

Öz

This study aims to present an analysis of the nature of artificial intelligence applications that have found a fairly new place in the public sector and to include the details of three analytics based systems that Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada have been running using artificial intelligence applications in obtaining Temporary Residence Visas (TRV) since 2018. In line with this purpose, the following questions have been addressed: In which areas is artificial intelligence used in public policies?
How are artificial intelligence algorithms used in the Canadian immigration system? What is the general state of TRV applications in the Canadian immigration system? What are the risks and opportunities of using artificial intelligence in the immigration system? In order to find answers to the determined research questions, the database containing all information, documents and empirical data regarding Immigration and Citizenship on the official website of the Canadian Government was determined. As a result of the study, it was emphasized that the most important issues in the successful implementation of artificial intelligence in public policies are the use of technologies based on human rights obligations and the secure processing of big data used in these technologies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

E-government, Immigration System, Public Policy, Canada, Artificial Intelligence

Kaynakça

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