Determination of efficacy of some fungicides used in hazelnut orchards against Ambrosiella hartigii Batra symbiotically associated with Anisandrus dispar Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) under laboratory conditions

Year 2019, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 128 - 134, 25.06.2019

İsmail Erper , Rahman Kushıyev , Elif Yıldırım Muharrem Turkkan , Celal Tuncer

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.470201

Abstract

Anisandrus
dispar Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
cultivate symbiotic fungus Ambrosiella
hartigii Batra in the galleries found in sapwood of host trees for feeding.
Therefore, controlling the symbiotic fungus means depriving A. dispar of a source of food. In the
study, the efficacy of five doses (0.25x, 0.5x, 1.0x, 2.0x and 4.0x; where x is
the field rate recommended by the manufacturer) of five fungicides including
active ingredients of boscalid+kresoxim methyl, fluopyram+tebuconazole,
penconazole, sulphur and tetraconazole used in hazelnut orchards against
powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe
corylacearum was evaluated against A.
hartigii (TR-Ah-06 isolate) under laboratory conditions. The results of the
study showed that all doses of the fungicides significantly inhibited the
mycelial growth of A. hartigii when
compared to the control (P<0.05). Among them, fluopyram+tebuconazole, penconazole
and tetraconazole even at the lowest dose completely inhibited the mycelial
growth of the fungus. However, the mycelial growth was reduced at the rates of
29.56-100% depending on the increasing doses of boscalid+kresoxim methyl.
Sulphur inhibited the mycelial growth of A.
hartigii at the rates of 78.57-100% depending on the increasing doses. In
addition, the ED₅₀, MIC and MFC values of fluopyram+tebuconazole,
penconazole and tetraconazole were determined to be lower even than the 0.25x,
which was the lowest dose at the experiment. The results showed that the
fungicides, especially fluopyram+tebuconazole, penconazole and tetraconazole
were effective against A. hartigii.

Keywords

Alternative control, Ambrosia beetles, Fungicides, Hazelnut, Symbiotic fungi

Determination of efficacy of some fungicides used in hazelnut orchards against Ambrosiella hartigii Batra symbiotically associated with Anisandrus dispar Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) under laboratory conditions

Abstract

Fabricius (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae: Scolytinae) beslenmek amacıyla konukçu ağaçların odun dokusunda
açtıkları galerilerde simbiyoitk fungus Ambrosiella
hartigii Batra’yı yetiştirmektedir. Bu nedenle simbiyotik fungusun kontrol
edilmesi A. dispar'ı bir besin
kaynağından mahrum etmek anlamına gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada fındık bahçelerinde
fındık külleme hastalığına neden olan Erysiphe
corylacearum’a karşı kullanılan boscalid+kresoxim methyl,
fluopyram+tebuconazole, kükürt, penconazole ve tetraconazole etkili maddeli beş
fungisitin beş dozunun (0.25x, 0.5x, 1.0x, 2.0x ve 4.0x; buradaki x üretici
firma tarafından tavsiye edilen dozu ifade etmektedir) laboratuvar şartlarında A. hartigii (TR-Ah-06 izolatı)
üzerindeki etkinliği test edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, fungisitlerin tüm dozları
kontrol ile kıyaslandığında bu fungusun misel gelişmesini önemli derecede
engellemiştir (P<0.05). Bunlar arasında en düşük dozdaki fluopyram+tebuconazole,
penconazole ve tetraconazole fungusun misel gelişmesini tamamen inhibe
etmiştir. Ayrıca, boscalid+kresoxim methyl’in dozlarının artmasına bağlı olarak
A. hartigii’nin misel gelişmesi
%29.56-100 arasında azalmıştır. Kükürtün dozlarının artmasına bağlı olarak bu
fungusun misel gelişmesi ise    %78.57-100
oranında engellenmiştir. Buna ek olarak, fluopyram+tebuconazole, penconazole ve
tetraconazole’nin ED₅₀, MIC ve MFC değerleri en düşük dozdan bile
düşük bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar bu fungisitlerin özellikle fluopyram+tebuconazole,
penconazole ve tetraconazole'nin A.
hartigii'ye karşı oldukça etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

Alternatif mücadele, Ambrosya böcekleri, Fındık, Fungisitler, Symbiyotik fungus

References

• Ak, K., Saruhan, I., Tuncer, C., Akyol, H., Kılıç, A., 2011. Ordu ili kivi bahçelerinde yazıcı böcek (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) türlerinin tespiti ve zarar oranları. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni, 1(4): 229-234.
• Ak, K., Uysal, M., Tuncer, C., 2005. Giresun, Ordu ve Samsun illerinde fındık bahçelerinde zarar yapan yazıcı böcek (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) türleri, kısa biyolojileri ve bulunuş oranları. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20 (2): 37-44. Anonymous, 2018. Bitki koruma ürünleri veri tabanı programı. Available at https://bku.tarim.gov.tr. (Erişim tarihi: 11 Ekim 2018).
• Batra, L.R., 1967. Ambrosia fungi: a taxonomic revision and nutritional studies of some species. Mycologia, 59: 976-1017.
• Beaver, R.A., 1989. Insect-fungus relationships in the bark and ambrosia beetles. In: Wilding, N., Collins, N.M., Hammond, P.M., Webber, J.F., (Eds). Insect fungus Interactions. 14th Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. pp. 121.
• Biedermann, P.H.W., 2007. Social behavior in sib mating fungus farmers. MS thesis. University of Berne, p. 85, Berne, Switzerland.
• Bucini, D., Balestra, G.M., Pucci, C., Paparatii, B., Speranza, S., Zolla, C.P., Varvaro, L., 2005. Bio-ethology of Anisandrus dispar F. and its possible involvement in Dieback (Moria) diseases of hazelnut (Corylus avelana L.) plants in Central Italy. Acta Horticulturae, 686: 435-443.
• Castrillo, L.A., Griggs, M.H., Ranger, C.M., Reding, M.E., Vandenberg, J.D., 2011. Virulence of commercial strains of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) against adult Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and impact on brood. Biological Control, 58: 121-126.
• Erper, I., Kushiyev, R., Turkkan, M., Tuncer, C., 2018. Evaluation of some fungicides against symbiotic fungus Ambrosiella hartigii associated with Anisandrus dispar Fabricius and Xylosandrus germanus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 32 (1): 60-66.
• Fettig, C.J., Munson, A.S., Grosman, D.M., Bush, P.B., 2014. Evaluations of emamectin benzoate and propicon-azole for protecting individual Pinus contorta from mortality attributed to colonization by Dendroctonus ponderosae and associated fungi. Pest Management Science, 70: 771-778.
• French, J.R., Roeper, R.A., 1972. Interactions of the ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus dispar (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), with its symbiotic fungus Ambrosiella hartigii. The Canadian Entomologist, 104: 1635-1641.
• Harrington, T.C., Aghayeva, D.N., Fraedrich, S.W., 2010. New combinations in Raffaelea, Ambrosiella and Hyalorhinocladiella and four new species from the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus. Mycotaxon, 111: 337-361.
• Harrington, T.C., 2005. Ecology and evolution of mycophagous bark beetles and their fungal partners. In: Vega, F.E., Blackwell, M. (Eds.). Ecological and evolutionary advances in insect-fungal associations. Oxford University Press, New York. pp. 257-291.
• Harrington, T.C., McNew, D., Mayers, C., Fraedrich, S.W., Reed, S.E., 2014. Ambrosiella roeperi sp. nov. is the mycangial symbiont of the granulate ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus. Mycologia, 106: 835-845.
• Hulcr, J., Dunn, R.R., 2011. The sudden emergence of pathogenicity in insect fungus symbioses threatens naive forest ecosystems. Proceedings of the Royal Society B., 278: 2866-2873.
• Jones, M.E., Kabashima, J., Eskalen, A., Dimson, M., Mayorquin, J.S., Carrillo, J.D., Hanlon, Ch.C., Paine, T.D., 2017. Evaluations of insecticides and fungicides for reducing attack rates of a new invasive ambrosia beetle (Euwallacea sp., Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Infested Landscape Trees in California. Journal of Economic Entomology, 110(4): 1611-1618.
• Joseph, M., Prakasan, C.B., Vijayalakshmi, C.K., Sreedharan, K., 2002. Laboratory evaluation of the systemic fungicide propiconazole (Tilt 25EC) against the ‘ambrosia’ fungus, the food of shot hole borer Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) attacking coffee. In Proceedings of the 15th Plantation Crops Symposium Placrosym. pp. 613-616.
• Kagezi, G., Kucel, P., Olal, S., Pinard, F., Seruyange, J., Musoli, P., 2015. In vitro inhibitory effect of selected fungicides on mycelial growth of ambrosia fungus associated with the black coffee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Uganda. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 10: 2322-2328.
• Kushiyev, R., 2015. Fındıkta önemli yazıcı böcek türlerindeki funguslarin belirlenmesi. Yüksek lisans tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 63 s, Samsun.
• Mayfield, A.E., Barnard, E.L., Smith, J.A., Bernick, S.C., Eickwort, J.M., Dreaden, T.J., 2008. Effect of propiconazole on laurel wilt disease development in redbay trees and on the pathogen in vitro. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 34 (5): 317-324.
• Norris, D.M., 1979. The mutualistic fungi of the Xyleborini beetles. In: Batra, L.R. (Eds.). Insect-Fungus Symbiosis: Nutrition, Mutualism, and Commensalism. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA. pp. 53-63.
• Ranger, C.M., Schultz, P.B., Reding, M.E., Frank, S.D., Palmquist, D.E., 2016. Flood stress as a technique to assess preventive insecticide and fungicide treatments for protecting trees against ambrosia beetles. Insects, 7: 40-50.
• Reding, M., Oliver, J., Schultz, P., Ranger, C., 2010. Monitoring flight activity of ambrosia beetles in ornamental nurseries with ethanol-baited traps: influence of trap height on captures. Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 28: 85-90.
• Saruhan, I., Akyol, H., 2012. Monitoring population density and fluctuations of Anisandrus dispar and Xyleborinus saxesenii (Coleoptera: Scolytinae, Curculionidae) in hazelnut orchards. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(18): 4202-4207.
• Sezer, A., Dolar, F.S., Lucas, S.J., Köse, Ç., Gümüş, E., 2018. First report of the recently introduced, destructive powdery mildew Erysiphe corylacearum on hazelnut in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 45: 577-581.
• Six, D.L., Stone, W.D., Beer, Z.W., Woolfolk, S.W., 2009. Ambrosiella beaveri sp. nov. associated with an exotic ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus mutilatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), in Mississippi, USA. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 96: 17-29.
• Thompson, D.P., 1989. Fungitoxic activity of essential oil components on food storage fungi. Mycologia, 81: 151-153.
• Tripathi, P., Dubey, N.K., Banerji, R., Chansouria, J.P.N., 2004. Evaluation of some essential oils as botanical fungi toxicants in management of post-harvest rotting of citrus fruits. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 20: 317-321.
• Weber, B.C., McPherson, J.E., 1983. Life history of the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 76: 455-462.
• Weber, B.C., McPherson, J.E., 1984. The ambrosia fungus of Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 116: 281-283.