Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Kampüs Topraklarının Bazı Fiziko-Kimyasal ve Mekaniksel Özellikleri ve İşlenebilirlikleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 1, 146 - 161, 15.02.2021

Zeynep Demir , Zeki Mut , Hanife Mut , Erdem Gülümser

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.845696

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Kampüs alanında yer alan toprak serilerinin bazı fiziko-kimyasal ve mekaniksel özellikleri ve işlenebilirlikleri için uygun nem düzeyleri belirlenmiştir. Gülümbe ve Aşağıköy toprak serilerinden 0-20 cm derinlikten 20 farklı noktadan toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Gülümbe serisindeki topraklar killi (C) ve killi tın (CL) bünyeli, ortalama hacim ağırlığı 1.05 g cm-3, doygun hidrolik iletkenlik değeri 0.66 cm h-1, hafif alkalin (pH=7.74), orta düzeyde organik madde (%2.01), yüksek düzeyde kireç (%17.08), yetersiz düzeyde elverisli fosfor (1.92 kg P2O5 da-1), yeterli düzeyde elverişli potasyum (88.54 kg K2O da-1), katyon değişim kapasitesi 37.71 cmol kg-1, yetersiz düzeyde elverişli Fe (2.35 mg kg-1) ve Mn (5.18 mg kg-1), yeterli düzeyde elverişli Zn (1.81 mg kg-1) ve Cu (1.00 mg kg-1) içermektedir. Aşağıköy serisindeki topraklar tınlı (L) ve kumlu killi tın (SCL) tekstürlü, ortalama hacim ağırlığı 1.31 g cm-3, doygun hidrolik iletkenlik değeri 2.32 cm h-1, hafif alkalin (pH=7.74), düşük düzeyde organik madde (1.81%), orta düzeyde kireç (6.75%), yüksek düzeyde elverişli fosfor (18.76 kg P2O5 da-1), yeterli düzeyde elverişli potasyum (133.94 kg K2O da-1), katyon değişim kapasitesi 25.26 cmol kg-1, yeterli düzeyde elverişli Fe (5.67 mg kg-1) ve Cu (2.57 mg kg-1), yetersiz düzeyde elverişli Mn (3.21 mg kg-1) ve Zn (0.66 mg kg-1) içermektedir. En yüksek likit limit (LL) (%68.17) ve plastik limit (PL) (%31.49) değerleri en yüksek kil içeriğine sahip olan Gülümbe serisinde belirlenirken, en düşük LL (%46.50) ve PL (%24.80) değerleri en düşük kil içeriğine sahip olan Aşağıköy serisinde belirlenmiştir. Gülümbe and Aşağıköy serilerinde toprakların plastiklik indeksi (PI) sırasıyla %32.73 - 40.26 arasında olup ortalama %36.17 ve %21.70 - 28.0 arasında olup ortalama %24.73’tür. LL ve PI değerlerine göre, Gülümbe serisine ait topraklar “fazla plastik inorganik killer” grubuna ve Aşağıköy serisine ait topraklar ise “orta derecede plastik inorganik killer” grubunda sınıflandırılmıştır. Toprakların LL değerleri kil (0.88**), kum (-0.71*), PL (0.75**), PI (0.89**), kıvam ideksi (0.57*), organik madde (0.62*), katyon değişim kapasitesi (0.75**), elverişli potasyum (0.54*) ile önemli korelasyonlar göstermiştir. Gülümbe ve Aşağıköy serilerindeki toprakların optimum işlenmeleri için en uygun nem düzeyinin üst ve alt sınırı sırasıyla %29.15 - 23.50 ve %24.95 - 21.24 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Kampüs alanındaki toprakların kıvam indeksi değerlerinin 0.75 ile 1.00 arasında olması nedeniyle toprak strüktüründe bozulmalara neden olmadan tarla kapasitesindeki nem düzeylerinde işlenmelerinin uygun olacağı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fiziko-kimyasal toprak özellikleri, Tarla kapasitesi, Atterberg limitleri, Kıvam indeksi, Killerin aktivitesi, Toprak işlenebilirliği

Some Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Properties and Workability of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Campus Soils

Öz

In this study, some physico-chemical and mechanical properties and appropriate moisture levels for workability of soil series in Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Campus area in Turkey were determined. Soil samples were taken from 0 - 20 cm depth of 20 different points in Gülümbe and Aşağıköy series. Soils in the Gülümbe were clay (C) and clay loam (CL) in texture with a mean bulk density of 1.05 g cm-3, saturated hydraulic conductivity of 0.66 cm h-1, slightly alkaline (pH=7.74), medium soil organic matter (SOM) (2.01%), high lime (17.08%), insufficient available phosphorus (1.92 kg P2O5 da-1), sufficient available potassium (88.54 kg K2O da-1), cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 37.71 cmol kg-1, insufficient available Fe (2.35 mg kg-1) and available Mn (5.18 mg kg-1), sufficient available Zn (1.81 mg kg-1) and available Cu (1.00 mg kg-1) contents. Soils in the Aşağıköy were loamy (L) and sand-clay-loam (SCL) in texture with a bulk density of 1.31 g cm-3, saturated hydraulic conductivity of 2.32 cm h-1, slightly alkaline (pH=7.74), low organic matter (1.81%), medium lime (6.75%), high available phosphorus (18.76 kg P2O5 da-1), sufficient available potassium (133.94 kg K2O da-1), CEC of 25.26 cmol kg-1, sufficient available Fe (5.67 mg kg-1) and available Cu (2.57 mg kg-1), insufficient available Mn (3.21 mg kg-1) and available Zn (0.66 mg kg-1) contents. While the highest liquid limit (LL) (68.17%) and plastic limit (PL) (31.49%) values were determined in Gülümbe series with the highest clay content and the lowest LL (46.50%) and PL (24.80%) values were in Aşağıköy series with the lowest clay content. Plasticity index (PI) of the soils in Gülümbe and Aşağıköy series respectively varied between 32.73 - 40.26% with a mean of 36.17% and between 21.70 - 28.0% with a mean of 24.73%. Based on LL and PI values, Gülümbe soils were classified as “highly plastic inorganic clays” and Aşağıköy soils were classified as “moderately plastic inorganic clays”. LL values of the soils had significant correlations with clay (0.88**), sand (-0.71*), PL (0.75**), PI (0.89**), consistency index (0.57*), SOM (0.62*), CEC (0.75**) and available K2O (0.54*). The upper and lower moisture limits for optimum tillage were recommended as 29.15 - 23.50% for Gülümbe series and as 24.95 - 21.24% for Aşağıköy series. It was concluded that campus soils could be cultivated at field capacity without any structural deformations because of the consistency index values were between 0.75 - 1.00.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soil physicochemical properties, Field capacity, Atterberg limits, Consistency index, Clay activity, Soil workability

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank the Soil Fertilizer and Water Resources Central Research Institute and Prof. Dr. Abdullah Baran and Çağla Temiz (PhD student) of Ankara University Agricultural Faculty for providing the facilities and working environment for this study.

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