Metarhizium anisopliae, Trichoderma hamatum ve Diatom Toprağının Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)’a Karşı Yalnız ve Kombinasyon Halinde Etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 39 Issue: 1, 195 - 206, 29.02.2024

Mehmet Yıldırım , Celal Tuncer , İsmail Oğuz Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.1419209

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, diatom toprağı (DT) ile Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma) ve Trichoderma hamatum (Th) izolatlarının bireysel olarak ve kombinasyonlar halinde Callasobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) erginlerine karşı laboratuvar koşullarında etkinlikleri araştırılmıştır. Ma ve Th izolatlarının bireysel olarak üç konsantrasyonu (1 × 104, 1 × 106 ve 1 × 108 spor/mL) kullanılırken, kombinasyonlarda da DT’nin üç farklı dozu (200, 400 ve 800 mg/kg) ile her bir fungusa ait en yüksek doz (1 × 108 spor/mL) kullanılarak uygulamalar yapılmıştır. Denemeler 25°C, %70 nispi nem ve 16: 8 aydınlık-karanlık periyodunda yürütülmüştür. Bireysel uygulamalarda Ma ve Th’nin en yüksek dozu (1 × 108 spor/mL) için uygulamadan sonra 8. günde sırasıyla %87.5 ve %52.5 oranında ölüm meydana gelirken, DT’nin en yüksek dozunda (800 mg/kg) uygulamadan 7 gün sonra %100 ölüm ortaya çıkmıştır. Dahası zamanın ve dozun artışına bağlı olarak ölüm oranlarının arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Kombinasyon denemelerinde ise en yüksek etkinlik 5. günün sonunda %100 ölüm oranı ile DT (800 mg/kg) + Ma (1 × 108 spor/mL) uygulamasında gözlemlenmesinin yanı sıra bireysel uygulamada düşük bir etkinlik gösteren Th en yüksek dozda (1 × 108) DT (800 mg/kg) ile kombinasyonu sonucunda 6. günde %100 ölüme sebep olmuştur. DT’nin entomopatojenlerle çalışmadaki düşük dozlarda bile önemli bir etkinlik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, azalan uygulama oranlarına rağmen zararlıya karşı umut verici potansiyele sahip bu etmenler, ikili kombinasyonlarda kabul edilebilir sonuçlar ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma DT'nin uygulama oranlarının azaltılmasına yardımcı olabilecek bu umut verici bir yaklaşımı ortaya koymakla birlikte uzun süreli depolama koşullarında C. maculatus'a karşı pratik olarak kullanılabilecek bir yöntem için daha fazla araştırma yapılmasını teşvik edebilir.

Keywords

Depo zararlısı, Börülce tohum böceği, Entomopatojen funguslar, Doğal insektisit, Biyolojik etkinlik, Ölüm oranı

Ethical Statement

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Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

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Determination of the Effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae, Trichoderma hamatum, and Diatomoceaus Earth, Applied Alone and in Combination against Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Abstract

In this study, the efficiency of diatomaceous earth (DT), Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma), and Trichoderma hamatum (Th) isolates against Callasobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) adults was investigated under laboratory conditions. While Ma and Th isolates were used at three different concentrations (1 × 104, 1 × 106 and 1 × 108 spores/mL), the highest doses of each fungus (1 × 108 spores/mL) were used in combination with three different doses of DT (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg). The trials were conducted at 25°C, 70% relative humidity, and 16:8 h light-to-dark periods. Individual applications exhibited 87.5% and 52.5% mortality on the eighth day after application for the highest doses of Ma and Th (1 × 108 spores/mL), respectively, and 100% mortality on the seventh day after application for the highest dose of DT (800 mg/kg). Also, it was observed that mortality rates increase depending on time and dose. In combination trials, the most effective combination was DT (800 mg/kg) + Ma (1 × 108 spores/mL) with a 100% mortality rate at the end of the fifth day. Th, which was lower efficacy in separate applications, caused 100% mortality on the sixth day when combined with DT (800 mg/kg) at the maximum dose (1 × 108 spores/mL). It has been determined that DT is effective in combination with entomopathogens, even at low concentrations. As a result, despite lowering application rates, these agents, which have promising potential against the insect, have shown acceptable results in binary combinations. The study shows a potential strategy that may assist lower DT application rates and encourage additional research into a method that may be applied practically against C. maculatus under long-term storage conditions.

Keywords

Stored product insect, Cowpea weevil, Entomopathogen fungi, Natural insecticide, Bioassay, Mortality rate

Project Number

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