Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Üstbiliş Farkındalıklarının ve Bilimin Doğasına Yönelik Görüşlerinin Cinsiyet ve Akademik Başarılarına Göre İncelenmesi
Year 2017,
Volume: 36 Issue: 2, 1 - 18, 19.10.2017
Nilgün Yenice
,
Barış Özden
,
Emrah Hiğde
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin üstbiliş farkındalıklarının ve bilimin doğasına yönelik görüşlerinin, cinsiyet ve akademik başarı değişkenlerine göre incelenmek olarak belirlenmiştir. Nicel araştırma yaklaşımı olarak kesitsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada öğrencilerin üstbiliş ve bilimin doğası görüşlerini belirlemek için iki ölçek kullanılmıştır. Bu ölçekler Üstbiliş Farkındalık Ölçeği (Junior Metacognitive Awareness Inventory) ve Bilimin Doğası Görüşler Ölçeğidir (Nature Of Science Instrument). Veriler, Aydın ili Merkez ilçedeki tabakalı amaçsal örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen beş ortaokuldaki 5. 6. 7. ve 8. sınıflarda öğrenim gören 641 öğrenciden toplanmıştır. Öğrencilerin üstbiliş ve bilimin doğası görüşlerinin cinsiyet ve akademik başarılarına göre değişimi çoklu varyans analizi ile (MANOVA) ile test edilmiştir. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin akademik başarılarına göre farklılığın hangi seviyeler arasında olduğunu bulmak için Tukey HSD testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, öğrencilerin üstbiliş ve bilimin doğası görüşlerinin akademik başarılarına göre farklılık gösterdiğini ancak cinsiyet değişkenine göre öğrencilerin üstbiliş ve bilimin doğası görüşleri arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığını göstermiştir. Çalışma sonuçları fen eğitimcilerinin, öğretmenlerin ve öğretmen adaylarının öğrencilerinin üstbiliş farkındalıkları ve bilimin doğası görüşleri hakkında bilgi sahibi olmaları ve anlamaları için destek sağlayabilmektedir. Öğrencilerin başarı düzeylerine göre farklılaşan bilimin doğası görüşleri ve üstbiliş farkındalıkları dikkate alınarak öğrenme ortamları yeniden düzenlenebilir ve farklı başarı düzeyine sahip öğrencilerin bireysel farklılıklarına göre etkinlikler tasarlanabilir.
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- Kitsantas, A. (2002). Test preparation and test performance: A self-regulatory analysis. Journal of Experimental Education, 41, 231–240.
- Lederman, N. G. (1992). Students’ and teachers’ conceptions of the nature of science: a review of research. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 29 (4), 331–359.
- Lederman, N. G. (1998). The State of Science Education: Subject Matter Without Context. Electronic Journal of Science Education, (3)2.
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- McComas, W. F. (1998). The Principal Elements of the Nature of Science: Dispelling the Myths. W. F. McComas (Ed.), The Nature of Science in Science Education: Rationales and Strategies. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
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Year 2017,
Volume: 36 Issue: 2, 1 - 18, 19.10.2017
Nilgün Yenice
,
Barış Özden
,
Emrah Hiğde
References
- Abd-El-Khalick, F. (2001). Embedding nature of science instruction in preservice elementary science courses: Abandoning scientism, but ... Journal of Science Teacher Education, 12, 215–233.
- Abd-El-Khalick, F. & Akerson, V. L. (2004). Learning as conceptual change: Factors mediating the development of preservice elementary teachers' views of nature of science. Science Education, 88 (5), 785-810.
- Abd-El-Khalick, F., Bell, R. L. & Lederman, N.G. (1998). The nature of science and instructional practice: Making the unnatural natural. Science Education, 82, 417–436.
- Abd-El-Khalick, F. & Lederman, N. G. (2000). Improving science teachers' conceptions of the nature of science: A critical review of the literature. International Journal of Science Education, 22, 665-701.
- Achieve, Inc. (2013). Next generation science standards. Retrieved from http://www.nextgenscience.org/next-generation-science-standards.
- Akerson, V. L. & Donnelly, L. A. (2008). Relationships among learner characteristics and preservice elementary teachers’ views of nature of science. Journal of Elementary Science Education, 20 (1), 45-58.
- Akerson, V. L. & Volrich, M. (2006).Teaching nature of science explicitly in a first grade internship setting. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 43, 377-394.
- American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). (1993). Science for all Americans: Project 2061. Oxford University Press, New York.
- Annevirta, T. & Vauras, M. (2006). Developmental changes of metacognitive skill in elementary school children. The Journal of Experimental Education, 74 (3), 197-225.
- Bağçeci, B., Döş, B. & Sarıca, R. (2011). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin üstbilişsel farkındalık düzeyleri ile akademik başarısı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(16), 551-566.
- Bell, R. L. (2009). Teaching the Nature of Science: Three Critical Questions. Carmel, CA: National Geographic School Publishing.
- Bell, R. L., Norman, G. L. & Abd-El-Khalick, F. (2000). Developing and acting upon one's conception of the nature of science: A follow-up study. Journal of Research In Science Teaching, 37( 6), 563-581
- Berberoglu, G. & Hei, L. M. (2003). A comparison of university students’ approach to learning across Taiwan and Turkey. International Journal of Testing, 3 (2), 173-187.
- Blank, L. M. (2000). A Metacognitive Learning Cycle: A Better Warranty for Student Understanding?. Science Education, 84, 486–506.
- Brown, A. L. (1978). Knowing when, where, and how to remember: A problem of metacognition. Advances in Instructional Psychology, 1, 77-165.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. 2008. Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
- Bybee, R. W. (1997). Achieving scientific literacy: From purposes to practices. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
- Cobern, W. W., & Loving, C.C. (2002). An investigation of preservice elementary teachers' thinking about science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 39 (10), 1016-1031.
- Coutinho, S., A. (2007). The Relationship Between Goals, Metacognition And Academic Success. Educate Journal, 1, 39-47.
- Çakır, E. & Yaman, S. (2015). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin zihinsel risk alma becerileri ve üst bilişsel farkındalıkları ile akademik başarıları arasındaki ilişki. Gazi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 163-178.
- Çakıroğlu, A. (2007). Üstbiliş. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 11(2), 21-27.
- Çetinkaya, P. & Erktin, E. (2002). Bilisüstünün ölçümü ve okudugunu anlama, okul basarisi ve yetenekle olan iliskisi. Bogaziçi Üniversitesi Egitim Dergisi, 19.
- De Boer, G. (2000). Scientific Literacy: Another look at Its Historical and Contemporary Meanings and Its Relationship to Science Education Reform. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 37(6), 582-601.
- Desoete, A. & Özsoy, G. (2009). Introduction: Metacognition, more than the lognes monster?. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 2(1), 1-6.
- Driver, R., Leach, J., Millar, R., Scott, P. (1996). Young People’s Images of Science. Buckingham: Open University Press, Buckingham.
- Doğanay, A. & Kara, Z. (1995), “Düşünmenin Boyutları”, Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(11), 25-38.
- Emrahoğlu, N. & Öztürk, A. (2010). Fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının akademik başarılarına bilişsel farkındalığın etkisi: bir nedensel karşılaştırma araştırması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(2), 18-30.
- Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive development inquiry. American Psychologist, 34 (10), 906-911.
- Hacieminoğlu, E., Yilmaz-Tüzün, Ö. & Ertepinar, H. (2012). Development and Validation of Nature of Science Instrument for Elementary School Students. Education 3-13. International Journal of Primary, Elementary And Early Years Education, 42 (3), 258-283. doi: 10.1080/03004279.2012.671840.
- Hacker, D. J. & Dunlosky, J. (2003). Not all metacognition is created equal. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 95, 73-79.
- Hennessey, M. G. (1999). Probing the Dimendions of Metacognition: Implications for Conceptual Change Teaching-Learning. Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching (Boston, MA, March 28-31). Eric Number: ED446921.
- Huitt, W. (1997). Metacognition. educational psychology ınteractive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University.
- Ishiyama, F. L. (1984). Shyness: Anxious social sensitivity and self-isolating tendency. Adolescence, 76, 903-911.
- Kang, S., Scharmann, L. C. & Noh, A. (2005). Examining students’ views on the nature of science: results from Korean 6th, 8th and 10th graders. Science Education, 89, 314–334.
- Khishfe, R., & Abd-El-Khalick, F. (2002). Influence of explicit reflective versus implicit inquiry-oriented instruction on sixth graders’ views of nature of science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 39(7), 551–578.
- Kıngır, S. & Aydemir, N. (2012). 11. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Kimyaya Yönelik Tutumları, Üstbilişleri ve Kimya Başarıları Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi
- Kitsantas, A. (2002). Test preparation and test performance: A self-regulatory analysis. Journal of Experimental Education, 41, 231–240.
- Lederman, N. G. (1992). Students’ and teachers’ conceptions of the nature of science: a review of research. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 29 (4), 331–359.
- Lederman, N. G. (1998). The State of Science Education: Subject Matter Without Context. Electronic Journal of Science Education, (3)2.
- Lederman, N. G. 2007. Nature of science: Past, present, and future. In S.K. Abell, & N.G. Lederman, (Editors), Handbook of research in science education (pp 831-879). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers.
- Matthews, M. R. (1996). The Nature of Science and Science Teaching. International Handbook of Science Education, 981-999.
- McComas, W. F. (1998). The Principal Elements of the Nature of Science: Dispelling the Myths. W. F. McComas (Ed.), The Nature of Science in Science Education: Rationales and Strategies. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
- McComas, W.F., Clough, M.P. & Almazroa, H. (1998). The Role and Character of The Nature of Science in Science Education. In W. F. McComas (Ed.), The Nature of Science in Science Education Rationales and Strategies (ss. 3-39). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- McComas, W. F. (2004). Keys to teaching the nature of science: Focusing on the Nature of Science in the Science Classroom. The Science Teacher, 71 (9), 24-27.
- Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı [MEB]. (2004). İlköğretim Fen ve Teknoloji Dersi (6., 7. ve 8. sınıflar) Öğretim Programı. Ankara: M.E.B.Yayınevi,
- Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı [MEB]. (2013). Fen Bilimleri Dersi (3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ve 8. ) Öğretim Programı, Ankara.
- Moss, D.M., Abrams, E.D., & Robb, J. (2001). Examining Student Conception of the Nature of Science. International Journal of Science Education, 23, (8) 771-790.
- Murcia, K., Schibeci, R. 1999. Primary student teachers' conceptions of the nature of science. International Journal of Science Education, 21(11),1123-1140.
- National Research Council [NRC]. (1996). National science education standards. DC: National Academies Press, Washington.
- Özsoy, G. (2008). Üstbiliş. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(4), 713-740.
- Özsoy, G. ve Günindi, Y. (2011). Okulöncesi Öğretmen Adaylarının Üstbilişsel Farkındalık Düzeyleri. İlköğretim Online, 2, 430-440.
- Peklaj, C. & Pecjak, S. (2002). Differences in students' self-regulated learning according to their achievement and sex. Studia Psychologica, 44 (1), 29-43.
- Peters, E. E., Kitsantas, A. (2010). The effect of nature of science metacognitive prompts on science students content and nature of science knowledge, metacognition, and self-regulatory efficacy. Journal of School Science and Math, 110, 382-396.
- Rae, S. (1999). Gender differences in learning science. International Journal of Science Education, 21 (6), 633-543.
- Sapancı, A. (2012). Öğretmen Adaylarının Epistemolojik İnançları İle Bilişüstü Düzeylerinin Akademik Başarıyla İlişkisi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 311-33.
- Schraw, G. (2001). Current themes and future directions in epistemological research: A commentary. Educational Psychology Review, 13(4), 451-464.
- Schraw, G. & Moshman, D. (1995). Metacognitive theories. Educational Psychology Review, 7, 351-371.
- Schraw, G., Crippen, K. J., & Hartley, K. (2006). Promoting self-regulation in science education: Metacognition as part of a broader perspective on learning. Research in Science Education, 36, 111-139.
- Schwartz, R. S., Lederman, N. G., & Crawford, B. A. (2004). Developing views of nature of science in an authentic context: An explicit approach to bridging the gap between nature of science and scientific inquiry. Science Education, 88 (4), 610-645.
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