Does the Frequency of Ureaplasma Increase In Human Papillomavirus Positive Women?

Year 2022, Volume: 39 Issue: 4, 980 - 984, 29.10.2022

Asena Ayar Madenli

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the positive prevalence rate of Ureaplasma in Human papillomavirus (HPV) positive women. The role of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in developing cervical cancer is evident. Clinical consequences can be prevented by screening and identifying risk factors. This retrospective cohort study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sisli Memorial Hospital. Ureaplasma and HPV and PAP smear tests were performed for 526 sexually active women aged between 21 and 45 years (mean 31.66±4.91 years) visiting a Sisli Memorial Hospital for routine cervical screening. The association of HPV and Ureaplasma detection with cytological results were examined. The prevalence of Ureaplasma in asymptomatic women was 31%, high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and Ureaplasma coincidence as 56.6% and the prevalence of Ureaplasma in HR-HPV was 91.5%. Most positive HPV was observed in the age range of 26-30 (50%). The most positive Ureaplasma was observed in the age range of 26-30 (51%). The highest simultaneous occurrence of two infections was observed in the age range of 26-30 (51%). Cervical screening abnormality was observed more in Ureaplasma-positive women. There was a statistically significant association between pap smear result and Ureaplasma (p-value < 0.001). There was a statistically significant association between HPV-positive and Ureaplasma (p-value < 0.001). There was a statistically significant association between HR-HPV and Ureaplasma (p-value < 0.001). Regarding the high prevalence of Ureaplasma in HR-HPV women, screening in women, especially in the age range of 26-30 years, is a breakthrough and can prevent adverse clinical consequences.

Keywords

human papillomavirus, ureaplasma, cervical cancer, sexually transmitted disease

References

• 1. Erbıyık HI, Palalıoğlu RM. HPV Infection, HPV Vaccines and Cervical Cancer Awareness: A Multi-Centric Survey Study in Istanbul, Turkey. Women Health. 2021; 61(8): 771-82 . 2. Okunade KS. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2020; 40(5): 602-8.
• 3. Jin H, Kim DH, Lee KE. Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Urine Samples of Asymptomatic Male Sexual Partners of Women with Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(21): 11706.
• 4. WHO. Cervical cancer. 2022 [cited 2022 08.07.2022]; Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/cervical-cancer#tab=tab_1.
• 5. Hull R, Mbele M, Makhafola T, Hicks C, Wang SM, Reis RM, et al. Cervical cancer in low and middle-income countries. Oncol Lett. 2020; 20(3): 2058-74.
• 6. Gürbüz T, Dokuzeylül Güngör N, Tanrıdan Okçu N, Yurci A. Effects of contraception methods on female sexual function and quality of life. J Surg Med. 2020; 4(12): 1231-35.
• 7. Dokuzeylül Güngör N. , Gürbüz T. , Yurci A. Hysteroscopic Evaluation of Chronic Endometritis Incidence in Unexplained Infertile Women with Recurrent Implantation Failure: Six Years Experience. Ahi Evran Med J. 2022; 6(1): 64-70.
• 8. Dokuzeylül Güngör N, Gürbüz T, Bozkurt S, Dokuzeylül B, Or E, Cengiz F. Evaluation of Toxoplasmosis Risk on Anxiety And Perception of Cat Owner Pregnant Women. J. Exp. Clin. Med.. 2021; 38(2): 154-58.
• 9. Kashyap N, Krishnan N, Kaur S, Ghai S. Risk Factors of Cervical Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs. 2019; 6(3): 308-14.
• 10. Rittenschober-Böhm J, Habermüller T, Waldhoer T, Fuiko R, Schulz SM, Pimpel B, et al. Maternal Vaginal Ureaplasma spp. Colonization in Early Pregnancy Is Associated with Adverse Short- and Long-Term Outcome of Very Preterm Infants. Children (Basel). 2021; 8(4): 276.
• 11. Zhang D, Li T, Chen L, Zhang X, Zhao G, Liu Z. Epidemiological investigation of the relationship between common lower genital tract infections and high-risk human papillomavirus infections among women in Beijing, China. PLoS One. 2017; 12(5): e0178033.
• 12. Kallapur SG, Kramer BW, Jobe AH. Ureaplasma and BPD. Semin Perinatol. 2013; 37(2): 94-101.
• 13. Lanao AE, Chakraborty RK, Pearson-Shaver AL. Mycoplasma Infections. [Updated 2022 Apr 22]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536927/
• 14. Jhaveri VV, Lasalvia MT. Invasive Ureaplasma Infection in Patients Receiving Rituximab and Other Humoral Immunodeficiencies-A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019; 6(10): ofz399.
• 15. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009; 41(4): 1149-60.
• 16. Xiaolei C, Taot H, Zongli S, Hongying Y. The role of ureaplasma urealyticum infection in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2014; 35(5): 571-5.
• 17. Kim SI, Yoon JH, Park DC, Lee DS, Lee SJ, Choe HS, et al. Co-infection Of Ureaplasma urealyticum And Human Papilloma Virus In Asymptomatic Sexually Active Individuals. Int J Med Sci. 2018; 15(9): 915-20.
• 18. Lv P, Zhao F, Xu X, Xu J, Wang Q, Zhao Z. Correlation between Common Lower Genital Tract Microbes and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2019; 2019: 9678104.
• 19. Parthenis C, Panagopoulos P, Margari N, Kottaridi C, Spathis A, Pouliakis A, Konstantoudakis S, et al. The association between sexually transmitted infections, human papillomavirus, and cervical cytology abnormalities among women in Greece. Int J Infect Dis. 2018; 73: 72-77.
• 20. Lopez-Arias M, Vazquez-Jimenez S, Martinez-Abundis E, Gomez-Crisostomo NP, Chavez-Blanco A, Contreras-Paredes A, et al. Genital association of human papillomavirus with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. in Mexican women with precancerous lesions. Int J STD AIDS. 2019; 30(10): 969-77.
• 21. Tantengco OAG, Nakura Y, Yoshimura M, Nishiumi F, Llamas-Clark EF, Yanagihara I. Co-infection of human papillomavirus and other sexually transmitted bacteria in cervical cancer patients in the Philippines. Gynecol Oncol Rep. 2022; 40: 100943.
• 22. Camporiondo MP, Farchi F, Ciccozzi M, Denaro A, Gallone D, Maracchioni F,et al. Detection of HPV and co-infecting pathogens in healthy Italian women by multiplex real-time PCR. Infez Med. 2016; 24(1): 12-7.
• 23. Bıyık İ, Keskin N, Gülcan A, İnce O, Erten Ö, Şişman Hİ. Coinfection of Ureaplasma urealyticum/Mycoplasma hominis in HPV Positive Women: Frequency, Risk Factors and Multidrug Resistance. J Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 30(3): 92-9.