The effıciency of the first trimester 50 grams glucose tolerance test for detection of the gestational diabetes and the outcome of the pregnancy

Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 3, 550 - 555, 30.09.2023

Kübra Baki Erin , Turhan Aran , Asım Örem

Abstract

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the first trimester's 50 g glucose loading as a screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus and to find a cut-off value for 50 g OGCT in the first trimester. This study was conducted on pregnant women at low risk for diabetes mellitus. A 50-g glucose load was done in the first trimester, and then pregnant women were followed up. A 100-gram diagnostic test for gestational diabetes mellitus was administered to all participants at 24–28 weeks of gestation. The sensitivity, specificity, and false-positive rate of the 50 g glucose challenge test were determined. A total of 454 pregnant women were assessed in this study. 34 women (7.5%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes. 420 women have constituted the non-diabetic group. In patients with gestational diabetes, age, weight, polyhydramnios, and macrosomia rates were significantly higher than in the non-diabetic group. The discriminative power of the 50 g glucose test in the first trimester was found to be significant (p = 0.001) in gestational diabetic patients. The area under the ROC curve was 0.927. The best cut-off value was 143 mg/dl. In this value, the sensitivity and false-positive rate were 85% and 11%, respectively. A 50-g glucose challenge test done in the first trimester may contribute to the reduction of maternal and perinatal risks and prevent long-term consequences such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and lipid profile disorders with early glycemic control and lifestyle changes.

Keywords

Diabetic complications, First trimester pregnancy, Gestational diabetes mellitus, 50 g glucose loading test

Project Number

2010.114.002

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