Evaluation of oral cavity pathologies in pediatric dentistry patients: A 10-year retrospective study

Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 3, 530 - 536, 30.09.2023

Sefa Çolak , Yunus Balel , Ahmet Altan , Nihat Akbulut

Abstract

This study aims to examine the prevalence and age distribution of oral cavity pathologies in pediatric patients. All biopsy records performed in Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery clinic between 2013-2023 were obtained from patient files and electronic databases. The files of patients aged 0-18 were selected, and demographic data and biopsy results were examined. The study population was divided into 3 groups according to the condition of the dentition. Pathology results were analyzed in 4 groups: developmental odontogenic cysts, inflammatory odontogenic cysts, tumoral lesions and others. Obtained data and classifications were subjected to statistical analysis. A total of 411 biopsy results in pediatric patients were included in the study. Compared to all biopsies taken, a rate of 17.5% was observed. Since only 3 patients in the 0-6 age group were observed, they were not included in the statistical analysis. 69.3% of all pathologies were observed in the 12-18 age group, and 30% in the 6-12 age group. The most common pathologies were radicular cysts (37.9%), dentigerous cysts (17.9%) and giant cell granulomas (7%). An increase in the prevalence and diversity of pathologies was observed with increasing age. In addition, developmental odontogenic cysts had significantly larger lesion sizes compared to inflammatory odontogenic cysts and other groups in terms of pathology dimensions (p:0.001 and p:0.000). In patients under 18 years of age, the prevalence of pathologies and diagnostic diversity increase as age progresses. Radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, and giant cell granulomas are among the most common lesions.

Keywords

Child, Odontogenic cysts, Odontogenic tumors, Pathology

References

• 1. Huang G, Moore L, Logan RM, Gue S. Retrospective analysis of South Australian pediatric oral and maxillofacial pathology over a 16-year period. Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry. 2019;10(3):e12410.
• 2. Shulman JD. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in children and youths in the USA. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2005;15(2):89–97.
• 3. Zuñiga MD, Méndez CR, Kauterich RR, Paniagua DC. Paediatric oral pathology in a Chilean population: a 15-year review. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2013;23(5):346–51.
• 4. Soluk Tekkesin M, Tuna EB, Olgac V, Aksakallı N, Alatlı C. Odontogenic lesions in a pediatric population: Review of the literature and presentation of 745 cases. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2016 Jul 1;86:196–9.
• 5. Jones AV, Franklin CD. An analysis of oral and maxillofacial pathology found in children over a 30-year period. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2006;16(1):19–30.
• 6. Lima G da S, Fontes ST, de Araújo LMA, Etges A, Tarquinio SBC, Gomes APN. A survey of oral and maxillofacial biopsies in children: a single-center retrospective study of 20 years in Pelotas-Brazil. J Appl Oral Sci. 2008;16(6):397–402.
• 7. Ha W, Kelloway E, Dost F, Farah C. A retrospective analysis of oral and maxillofacial pathology in an Australian paediatric population. Australian Dental Journal. 2014;59(2):221–5.
• 8. Brierley DJ, Chee CKM, Speight PM. A review of paediatric oral and maxillofacial pathology. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2013;23(5):319–29.
• 9. Bessa CFN, Santos PJB, Aguiar MCF, do Carmo M a. V. Prevalence of oral mucosal alterations in children from 0 to 12 years old. J Oral Pathol Med. 2004 Jan;33(1):17–22.
• 10. Gültelkin SE, Tokman B, Türkseven MR. A review of paediatric oral biopsies in Turkey. Int Dent J. 2003 Feb;53(1):26–32.
• 11. Dhanuthai K, Banrai M, Limpanaputtajak S. A retrospective study of paediatric oral lesions from Thailand. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2007;17(4):248–53.
• 12. Wang YL, Chang HH, Chang JYF, Huang GF, Guo MK. Retrospective survey of biopsied oral lesions in pediatric patients. J Formos Med Assoc. 2009 Nov;108(11):862–71.
• 13. Mohammad DN, Ibraheem BF, Garib BT, Hamied MAS. Histopathological Records of Oral and Maxillofacial Lesions among Pediatric and Adolescent Patients in Sulaimani Governorate. Children (Basel). 2022 Jan 26;9(2):156. 14. Al Yamani AO, Al Sebaei MO, Bassyoni LJ, Badghaish AJ, Shawly HH. Variation of pediatric and adolescents head and neck pathology in the city of Jeddah: A retrospective analysis over 10 years. Saudi Dent J. 2011 Oct;23(4):197–200.
• 15. Rwakatema DS, Chindia ML. An audit of Paediatric Orofacial Lesions at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in Moshi, Tanzania. SS. 2011;02(10):476–80.
• 16. Prosdócimo ML, Agostini M, Romañach MJ, de Andrade BAB. A retrospective analysis of oral and maxillofacial pathology in a pediatric population from Rio de Janeiro–Brazil over a 75-year period. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2018 Sep;23(5):e511–7.
• 17. Melo G, Batistella EÂ, Bett JVS, Grando LJ, Rivero ERC. Prevalence of oral and maxillofacial lesions in children and adolescents at a regional Brazilian oral pathology service: a retrospective study and the relevant literature review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2023 Aug 1;24(4):451–9.
• 18. Kwok EYL, Dovigi EA, Eversole LR, Dovigi AJ. Pediatric Oral Pathology: A Retrospective Survey of 4,554 Biopsies. Pediatr Dent. 2015;37(7):546–9.
• 19. Aly MM, Abdul-Aziz MAWM, Elchaghaby MA. A retrospective analysis of oral and maxillofacial pathological lesions in a group of Egyptian children over 21 years. BMC Oral Health. 2022 Jan 7;22(1):2.
• 20. Munsamy C, Mahomed F, Rikhotso E. A 20-year retrospective study of oral and maxillofacial histopathology in a South African paediatric population sample. SADJ. 2011 Jul;66(6):268–71