L-type calcium channel blocker effects on electromagnetic field exposed lung histology

Year 2024, Volume: 41 Issue: 2, 340 - 342, 19.05.2024

Ayşe Köylü , Bülent Ayas

Abstract

Electromagnetic field is produced by electrically charged objects and is defined as the combination of both electric field and a magnetic field. Wireless (wifi) networks, cell phones, bluetooth devices, power lines are some of the examples which emit electromagnetic field. Calcium channel blockers are a group of medicine used to lower blood pressure. They stop calcium from entering the cells of the heart and arteries. Our aim is to observe the possible histopathologic events of lungs from rats which was given a calcium blocker, amlodipine, meanwhile received a prolong electromagnetic field. To grade the lung histopathology, we stained the slides with hematoxylin and eosin and examined them under a camera attached light microscope.

Keywords

electromagnetic field, calcium channel blocker, lung, rat

Ethical Statement

Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Ondokuz Mayıs University (2019/05).

Supporting Institution

TUBITAK 1002

References

• Naeem Z. Health risks associated with mobile phones use. Int. J. Health Sci. 2014; 8(4): 5-6.
• Chung WT, Lee SH, Lee MK, Lee JH, Park YS, Lee SY, et al. The Effect of High Electromagnetic Fields on the Growth Characteristics of Human Cell Lines. Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Japanese Association for Animal Cell Technology (JAACT), Fukuoka-Karatsu, November 16–21, 2000: Springer 2002: 359-364.
• Elliott WJ, Ram CV. Calcium channel blockers. "J. Clin. Hypertens. 2011; 13(9): 687-689.
• Abernethy DR. The pharmacokinetic profile of amlodipine. Am. Heart J. 1989; 118(5): 1100-1103.
• Meredith PA, Elliott HL. Clinical pharmacokinetics of amlodipine. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 1992; 22(1): 22-31.
• Abdelrahman IA, Ahad A, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Alam MA, Al-Jenoobi FI. Cinnamon modulates the pharmacodynamic & pharmacokinetic of amlodipine in hypertensive rats. Saudi Pharm. J : SPJ. 2023; 31(9): 101737.
• Yamanaka K, Suzuki M, Munehasu S, Ishiko J. [Antihypertensive effects of amlodipine, a new calcium antagonist]. Folia Pharmacol. Jpn. 1991; 97(2): 115-126.
• Çeliker M, Özgür A, Tümkaya L, Terzi S, Yılmaz M, Kalkan Y, et al. Effects of exposure to 2100MHz GSM-like radiofrequency electromagnetic field on auditory system of rats. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 83(6): 691-696.
• Kaya O, Koca YS, Barut I, Baspinar S, Sabuncuoglu MZ. L-carnitine reduces acute lung injury in experimental biliary obstruction. Saudi Med. J. 2015; 36(9): 1046.
• Ozdulger A, Cinel I, Koksel O, Cinel L, Avlan D, Unlu A, et al. The protective effect of N-acetylcysteine on apoptotic lung injury in cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis model. Shock 2003; 19(4): 366-372.
• Cavriani G, Oliveira-Filho RM, Trezena AG, da Silva ZL, Domingos HV, de Arruda MJC, et al. Lung microvascular permeability and neutrophil recruitment are differently regulated by nitric oxide in a rat model of intestinal ischemia–reperfusion. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2004; 494(2-3): 241-249.
• Das R, Burke T, Van Wagoner DR, Plow EF. L-type calcium channel blockers exert an antiinflammatory effect by suppressing expression of plasminogen receptors on macrophages. Circ Res. 2009; 105(2): 167-175.
• Grommes J, Soehnlein O. Contribution of neutrophils to acute lung injury. Mol. Med. 2011; 17: 293-307.
• Diabetes NIo, Digestive, Diseases K. LiverTox: clinical and research information on drug-induced liver injury: NIDDK. 2012.
• Sherwood ER, Toliver-Kinsky T. Mechanisms of the inflammatory response. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2004; 18(3): 385-405.
• Malech HL, Deleo FR, Quinn MT. The role of neutrophils in the immune system: an overview. Methods Mol. Biol. 2014; 1124: 3-10.
• Butterfield TA, Best TM, Merrick MA. The dual roles of neutrophils and macrophages in inflammation: a critical balance between tissue damage and repair. J Athl Train. 2006; 41(4): 457-465.