Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the Q angle of the individuals who play sports and those who do not and to examine the relationship with gender, some physical parameters and playing sport levels. 158 students from 19 Mayıs University Yaşar Doğu Faculty of Sport Sciences and 144 sedentary students studying at different departments in Giresun University participated in this study. The students who play sports were divided into two groups as amateurs and professionals. The participants who had knee injuries in the past were included in the study. The Q angle, Pelvic Width, Femoral Skinfold and Femur Length of the participants were measured. Whether these values differed from men to women, and whether they differed among amateur athletes, professional athletes and sedentary students was investigated by the study. Whether there was a relation between gender, height, body weight, and playing or not playing sports and the Q angle, Pelvic Width, Femoral Skinfold and Femur Length values was also studied. It was found that the Q angle, Pelvic Width, Femoral Skinfold and Femur Length were statistically different between women and men (p <0.01). The Q values of women were found to be higher than those of men (p<0.01). The Q angle values (p<0.05) of both men and women sedentary students were higher than those of the athletes (p<0.01). It was found that gender and the Q angle had a moderately significant (r=0.519) relationship (p<0.01). It was also found that gender and "femoral skinfold" had a moderate (r=0.591) relationship (p<0.01). A weak relationship (r=-0.179) was found between the Q angle and playing sports (p<0.01). As a result, it was found that the Q angle decreased in relation with the growing amount of sports and exercise. It is considered that various knee problems such as patellofemoral pain syndrome and patellar dislocation and a directly related high level Q angle can be relatively decreased by doing exercises and playing sports regularly
References
- Insall J, Falvo KA, Wise DW. Chondromalacia patellae. A prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976; 58:1-8.
- Woodland LH, Francis RS. Parameters and comparisons of the quadriceps angle of college-aged men and women in the supine and standing positions. Am J Sports Med. 1992;20:208-11.
- Horton MG, Hall TL. Quadriceps femoris muscle angle — normal values and relationships with gender and selected skeletal measures. Phys. Ther. 1989;69:897–901.
- Byl T, Cole J, Livingston L. 2000. What determines the magnitude of the Q-angle? A preliminary study of selected skeletal and muscular measures. Journal of Sports Rehabilitation. 2000;9:26–34.
- Wilson T, Kitsell F. Is the Q-angle an absolute or variable measure? Physiotherapy. 2002;88:296–302.
- Connell J, Fulkerson J. The knee. Patellofemoral and soft tissues. In: Athletic Injuries and Rehabilitation. Zachazewski JE, Magee DJ, Quillen WS, Eds. Philadelphia, WB Saunders.1996: pp. 693-728.
- Schulties SS, Francis RS, Fisher AG, Van der Graaf KM. Does the Q angle reflect the forces on the patella in the frontal plane? Phys Ther. 1995;75(1):24-30.
- Schnabel G, Harre D, Borde A. Grundkonzept “Sportliche Leistung”. In: Trainingswissenschaft. 10. Ausg. G Schnabel, Hrsg, Berlin, SportVerlag. 1997;32-79.
- Kettlekamp DB. Current concepts review: Management of patellar malalignment. J Bone Joint Surg. 1961; 63-A:1344-1347.
- Hvid I, Andersen LI, Schmidt H. Chondromalacia patellae. The relation to abnormal patellofemoral joint mechanics. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52(6):661-666.
- Guerra J, Arnold M, Gajdosik R. Q-angle: effects of isometric quadriceps contraction and body position. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Therapy. 1994; 19:200-204.
- Laura H, Mark H. effects of isometric quadriceps activation on the Q-angle in women before and after quadriceps exercise. Journal of orthopeadic & sports physical therapy. 2000;30(4): 211-216.
- Sobjerg JO, Lauritzen J, Huid I, et al. Arthroscopic Determination of Patella Femoral Malalignment. Clin Orthop. 1987;215: 243-247.
- Caylor D, Fites R, Worrell T. The relationship between quadriceps angle and anterior knee pain syndrome. JOSPT. 1993;17:11-5.
- Outerbridge RE. Further studies on the etiology of chon- dromalacia patellae. J Bone Joint Surg.1964;46 B:179-90.
- Aglietti P, Insall JN, Cerulli G. Patellar pain and incongruence. I: Measurements of incongruence. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1983;217-224.
- Bergstrom KA, Brandseth K, Fretheim S, Tvilde K, Ekeland A. Activity-related knee injuries and pain in athletic adolescents. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2001;9:146-150.
- Fairbank JC, Pynsent PB, van Poortvliet JA, Phillips H. Mechanical factors in the incidence of knee pain in adolescents and young adults. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1984;66:685-693.
- Hahn T, Foldspang A. The Q angle and sport. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1997;7:43-48.
- Herrington L, Nester C. Q-angle undervalued? The relationship between Q-angle and medio- lateral position of the patella. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2004;19:1070-1073.
- Tillman MD, Bauer JA, Cauraugh JH, Trimble MH. Differences in lower extremity alignment be- tween males and females. Potential predispos- ing factors for knee injury. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2005;45:355-359.
- Grelsamer RP, Dubey A, Weinstein CH. Men and women have similar Q angles: a clinical and trigonometric evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87:1498-1501.
- Grubbs N, Nelson RT, Bandy WD. Predictive validity of an injury score among high school basketball players. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997;29:1279-1285.
- Livingston LA, Mandigo JL. Bilateral within-sub-ject Q angle asymmetry in young adult females and males. Biomed Sci Instrum. 1997;33:112-117.
- Di Brezzo R, Fort IL, Hall K. Q angle: the rela- tionship with selected dynamic performance variables in women. Clin Kines. 1996;50:66-70.
- Durgun B, Yücel B. Quadriceps femoris açısının normal değerleri ve bu değerleri etkileyen faktörler: bir ön çalışma. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 1995;(6)2:28-37.
- Bayraktar B, Yücesir İ, Öztürk A, Çakmak AK, Taşkara N, Kale A, Demiryürek D, Bayramoğlu A, Çamlıca H. Change of quadriceps angle values with age and activity. Saudi Med J. 2004;25(6):756-760
- Muratlı S, Toraman F, Çetin E. Sportif hareketlerin biomekanik temelleri. Ankara, Bağırgan Yayımevi. 2000; pp.198-228. Bös K: Handbuch sportmotorischer Tests. Göttingen: Verlag für Psycholgie.1987; pp. 412.
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, spor yapan ve spor yapmayan bireylerin Q açısını belirlemek, yaş, cinsiyet ve bazı fiziksel parametreleri ile olan ilişkisini incelemektir. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Yaşar Doğu Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde eğitim gören ve aktif spor yapan 158 öğrenci ve Giresun Üniversitesi’nin farklı bölümlerinde eğitim gören 144 sedanter öğrenci çalışmaya katılmıştır. Spor yapan öğrenciler amatör ve profesyonel olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılanların geçmişte herhangi bir diz sakatlığı geçirmemiş olmasına dikkat edilmiştir. Katılımcıların Q açısı, Pelvis Genişliği, Femoral Skinfold ve Femur Uzunluk değerleri ölçülmüştür. Bu değerlerin kadınlar ve erkekler arasında farklılık gösterip göstermediği, yine bu değerlerin amatör sporcu, profesyonel sporcu ve sedanterler arasında farklılık gösterip göstermediği incelenmiştir. Cinsiyet, boy, vücut ağırlığı, spor yapıp yapmama ile Q açısı, Pelvis Genişliği, Femoral Skinfold ve Femur Uzunluk değerleri arasında ilişki olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Q açısı, Pelvis Genişliği, Femoral skinfold ve femur uzunluklarının kadınlar ve erkekler arasında istatistiksel olarak farklılık gösterdiği bulunmuştur (p<0.01). Kadınların Q açısı değerlerinin erkeklerden daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0.01). Hem kadınlarda hem de erkeklerde sedanterlerin Q açısı değerlerinin sporculardan yüksek olduğu görülmüştür (p<0.05, p<0.01). Cinsiyet ile Q açısının, pozitif yönde ve orta derecede anlamlı ilişkiye [r (302)= 0.519; p<0.01] sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Yine cinsiyet ile “femur skinfold” arasında da pozitif yönde ve orta derecede bir ilişki bulunmuştur [r (302)= 0.591; p<0.01]. Spor yapma durumu ile Q açısı arasında pozitif ancak zayıf bir ilişki bulunmuştur [r(302)= 0.277; p<0.01]. Sonuç olarak, Q açısının bu çalışmada artan spor ve egzersiz yapma durumuna ilişkin azaldığı görülmüştür. Patellofemoral ağrı sendromu ve patellar dislokasyon gibi çeşitli diz problemleri ile doğrudan ilişkilendirilen yüksek dereceli Q açısının düzenli egzersiz ve spor yaparak nispeten azaltılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
References
- Insall J, Falvo KA, Wise DW. Chondromalacia patellae. A prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976; 58:1-8.
- Woodland LH, Francis RS. Parameters and comparisons of the quadriceps angle of college-aged men and women in the supine and standing positions. Am J Sports Med. 1992;20:208-11.
- Horton MG, Hall TL. Quadriceps femoris muscle angle — normal values and relationships with gender and selected skeletal measures. Phys. Ther. 1989;69:897–901.
- Byl T, Cole J, Livingston L. 2000. What determines the magnitude of the Q-angle? A preliminary study of selected skeletal and muscular measures. Journal of Sports Rehabilitation. 2000;9:26–34.
- Wilson T, Kitsell F. Is the Q-angle an absolute or variable measure? Physiotherapy. 2002;88:296–302.
- Connell J, Fulkerson J. The knee. Patellofemoral and soft tissues. In: Athletic Injuries and Rehabilitation. Zachazewski JE, Magee DJ, Quillen WS, Eds. Philadelphia, WB Saunders.1996: pp. 693-728.
- Schulties SS, Francis RS, Fisher AG, Van der Graaf KM. Does the Q angle reflect the forces on the patella in the frontal plane? Phys Ther. 1995;75(1):24-30.
- Schnabel G, Harre D, Borde A. Grundkonzept “Sportliche Leistung”. In: Trainingswissenschaft. 10. Ausg. G Schnabel, Hrsg, Berlin, SportVerlag. 1997;32-79.
- Kettlekamp DB. Current concepts review: Management of patellar malalignment. J Bone Joint Surg. 1961; 63-A:1344-1347.
- Hvid I, Andersen LI, Schmidt H. Chondromalacia patellae. The relation to abnormal patellofemoral joint mechanics. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52(6):661-666.
- Guerra J, Arnold M, Gajdosik R. Q-angle: effects of isometric quadriceps contraction and body position. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Therapy. 1994; 19:200-204.
- Laura H, Mark H. effects of isometric quadriceps activation on the Q-angle in women before and after quadriceps exercise. Journal of orthopeadic & sports physical therapy. 2000;30(4): 211-216.
- Sobjerg JO, Lauritzen J, Huid I, et al. Arthroscopic Determination of Patella Femoral Malalignment. Clin Orthop. 1987;215: 243-247.
- Caylor D, Fites R, Worrell T. The relationship between quadriceps angle and anterior knee pain syndrome. JOSPT. 1993;17:11-5.
- Outerbridge RE. Further studies on the etiology of chon- dromalacia patellae. J Bone Joint Surg.1964;46 B:179-90.
- Aglietti P, Insall JN, Cerulli G. Patellar pain and incongruence. I: Measurements of incongruence. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1983;217-224.
- Bergstrom KA, Brandseth K, Fretheim S, Tvilde K, Ekeland A. Activity-related knee injuries and pain in athletic adolescents. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2001;9:146-150.
- Fairbank JC, Pynsent PB, van Poortvliet JA, Phillips H. Mechanical factors in the incidence of knee pain in adolescents and young adults. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1984;66:685-693.
- Hahn T, Foldspang A. The Q angle and sport. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1997;7:43-48.
- Herrington L, Nester C. Q-angle undervalued? The relationship between Q-angle and medio- lateral position of the patella. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2004;19:1070-1073.
- Tillman MD, Bauer JA, Cauraugh JH, Trimble MH. Differences in lower extremity alignment be- tween males and females. Potential predispos- ing factors for knee injury. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2005;45:355-359.
- Grelsamer RP, Dubey A, Weinstein CH. Men and women have similar Q angles: a clinical and trigonometric evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87:1498-1501.
- Grubbs N, Nelson RT, Bandy WD. Predictive validity of an injury score among high school basketball players. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997;29:1279-1285.
- Livingston LA, Mandigo JL. Bilateral within-sub-ject Q angle asymmetry in young adult females and males. Biomed Sci Instrum. 1997;33:112-117.
- Di Brezzo R, Fort IL, Hall K. Q angle: the rela- tionship with selected dynamic performance variables in women. Clin Kines. 1996;50:66-70.
- Durgun B, Yücel B. Quadriceps femoris açısının normal değerleri ve bu değerleri etkileyen faktörler: bir ön çalışma. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 1995;(6)2:28-37.
- Bayraktar B, Yücesir İ, Öztürk A, Çakmak AK, Taşkara N, Kale A, Demiryürek D, Bayramoğlu A, Çamlıca H. Change of quadriceps angle values with age and activity. Saudi Med J. 2004;25(6):756-760
- Muratlı S, Toraman F, Çetin E. Sportif hareketlerin biomekanik temelleri. Ankara, Bağırgan Yayımevi. 2000; pp.198-228. Bös K: Handbuch sportmotorischer Tests. Göttingen: Verlag für Psycholgie.1987; pp. 412.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Hareket ve Antrenman Bilimleri |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 1, 2015 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2015 Volume: 6 Issue: 1 |