The Quality of Part-time Jobs: Findings from OECD Countries for Multiple Linear Regression Model

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 397 - 416, 01.07.2021

Ayhan Görmüş

https://doi.org/10.17541/optimum.915213

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Part-time employment, which has been increasing in many developed countries since 1970, has recently become a current issue with low job quality. Different indicators have been used to measure job quality that contributes to the well-being of employees and inherently represents by a multidimensional structure. Among these indicators, for instance, OECD Job Quality Framework is structured in three main dimensions: earning quality, labour market insecurity and quality of the work environment. In this line, this study mainly aims to examine the relationship between the quantity of part-time employment and job quality indicators by correlation and multiple linear regression analysis methods, by using data from OECD countries. Empirical results display that higher part-time employment rates are related to better job quality. This relationship is a result that part-time employment rates are higher in developed OECD countries while being lower in developing OECD countries. Also, regression analysis reveals that the increase in earning quality, training and learning and opportunity of career advancement as well as the reduction in physical health risk factors may increase the quantity of part-time employment at varying degrees.

Keywords

Part-time employment, Quantity of jobs, Job quality, OECD countries

Kısmi Süreli İşlerin Kalitesi: Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Modeli ile OECD Ülkelerinden Bulgular

Abstract

1970’den beri birçok gelişmiş ülkede giderek artış gösteren kısmi süreli istihdam, son zamanlarda düşük iş kalitesi ile gündeme gelmektedir. Çalışanların mutluluğuna katkıda bulunan ve doğası gereği çok boyutlu bir yapıyı temsil eden iş kalitesini ölçmek için farklı göstergeler kullanılmaktadır. Bu göstergeler arasında, örneğin OECD İş Kalitesi Çerçevesi kazanç kalitesi, işgücü piyasası güvencesi ve çalışma ortamının kalitesi olmak üzere üç temel boyutta yapılandırılmıştır. Bu açıdan, bu çalışma temel olarak, OECD ülkelerinin verilerini kullanarak, korelasyon ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi yöntemleri ile kısmi süreli istihdam hacmi ile iş kalitesi göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ampirik sonuçlar, daha yüksek kısmi süreli istihdam oranlarının, daha iyi iş kalitesiyle ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu ilişki, kısmi süreli istihdam oranlarının gelişmiş OECD ülkelerinde daha yüksek, gelişmekte olan OECD ülkelerinde ise, daha düşük olmasının bir sonucudur. Ayrıca regresyon analizi; kazanç kalitesi, eğitim ve öğrenme ile kariyer ilerleme fırsatındaki artışın ve fiziksel sağlık risk faktörlerindeki azalmanın, kısmi süreli istihdam hacmini farklı derecelerde artırabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Kısmi süreli istihdam, İş kalitesi, İş hacmi, OECD ülkeleri

References

• Atkinson, J. (1987). Flexibility or fragmentation? The UK labour market in the eighties. Labour and Society, 12(1), 87–105.
• Bardasi, E. ve Gornick, J. C. (2008). Working for less? Women’s part-time wage penalties across countries. Feminist Economics, 14(1), 37–72.
• Brown, S. H. (2009). Multiple linear regression analysis: A matrix approach with MATLAB Alabama. Journal of Mathematics. Spring/Fall. 1–3.
• Campbell, I. ve Chalmers, J. (2008). Job quality and part-time work in the retail industry: An Australian case study. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19:3, 487–500, Doi: 10.1080/09585190801895569.
• Caputo, R. K. ve Cianni, M., (2001). Correlates of voluntary vs. involuntary part-time employment among US women. Gender, Work and Organization, Vol. 8, No. 3, 311–325.
• Cazes, S., A. Hijzen and Saint-Martin A. (2016). Measuring and assessing job auality: The OECD job quality framework. OECD Social, Employment and MigrationWorking Papers, No. 174, OECD Publishing, Paris, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jrp02kjw1mr-en.
• Fagan, C., Norman, H., Smith, M. ve González Menéndez, María C. (2014). In search of good quality part-time employment. International Labour Office, Conditions of Work and Employment Branch. - Geneva: ILO.
• Görmüş, A. ve Erdoğan Ç. (2017). Türkiye’de gönülsüz kısmi süreli istihdamın cinsiyet analizi: Hane halkı işgücü anketinden bulgular. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6, 150–164.
• Green, F. (2006). Demanding work—the paradox of job quality in the affluent economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
• Erhel, C. ve Guergoat-Larivière, M. (2010). Job quality and labour market performance. CEPS working Document NO. 330.
• European Commission (2008). Employment in Europe 2008. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
• Eurofound (2002). Quality of work and employment in Europe issues and challenges. Foundation Paper N.1. Luxembourg.
• Eurofound (2008). Working conditions of an ageing workforce. Luxembourg.
• Eurofound (2007). Part-time work in Europe. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. [Çevrim-içi: http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/ewco/reports/TN0403TR01/TN0403TR01.pdf], Erişim tarihi: 04.04.2021.
• ILO (1999). Decent work. Report of the Director-General. International Labour Conference 87th Session.
• ILO (2016). Non-standard employment around the world: Understanding challenges, shaping prospects. International Labour Office. Geneva.
• Kalleberg, A., Reskin, B. ve Hudson, K. (2000). Bad jobs in America: Standard and nonstandard employment relations and job quality. American Sociological Review, 65(2), 256–278.
• Kalleberg, A. ve Vaisey, S. (2005). Pathways to good job: Perceived job quality among the machinists in North America. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 43(3), 431–454.
• Kalleberg, A. (2006). Inequalities of the World. In G. Therborn, G. (ed.). Non-standard employment relations and Labour Market inequality: Cross-national patterns (pp. 136–161). London, Verso.
• Kauhanen, M. ve Nätti, J. (2015). Involuntary temporary and part-time work, job quality and well-being at work. Social Indicators Research, 120, 783–799. Doi:10.1007/s11205-014-0617-7.
• Lucas, R. (1988). On the Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22 (1), 3-42.
• McDonald, P., Bradley, L. ve Brown, K. (2009). ‘Full-time is a given here’: Part-time versus full-time job quality. British Journal of Management, Vol. 20, 143–157. Doi:10.1111/j.1467-8551.2008.00560.
• OECD (2010). OECD Employment Outlook 2010: Moving Beyond the Jobs Crisis. How good is part-time work? (pp. 211–266). Paris.
• OECD (2014). OECD Employment Outlook 2014. OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/empl_outlook-2014-en.
• OECD (2016). How good is your job? Measuring and assessing job quality. OECD Brief. [Çevrim-içi: http://www.oecd.org/sdd/labour-stats/Job-quality-OECD.pdf], Erişim tarihi: 10.03.2021.
• OECD (2017). OECD Employment Outlook 2017. OECD Publishing. Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/empl_outlook-2017-en.
• OECD (2021). Job quality Stat, 2010-2015. [Çevrim-içi: https://stats.oecd.org/], Erişim tarihi: 12.01.2021.
• Stiglitz, J., Sen, A.ve Fitoussi, J.P. (2009), Report by the commission on the measurement of economic performance and social progress, [Çevrim-içi: www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/documents/rapport_anglais.pdf], Erişim tarihi: 18.03.2021.
• Tilly, C. (1996). Half a job: Bad and good part-time jobs in a changing labor market. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
• Tranmer, M., Murphy, J., Elliot, M. ve Pampaka, M. (2020). Multiple linear regression (2nd Edition). Cathie Marsh Institute Working Paper 2020-01. [Çevrim-içi: https://hummedia.manchester.ac.uk/institutes/cmist/archive-publications/working-papers/2020/2020-1-multiple-linear-regression.pdf], Erişim tarihi: 18.03.2021.
• Warren, T. ve Lyonette, C. (2015). Unequal Britain at work. In A. Felstead, D. Gallie & F. Green (Eds.), The Quality of Part-Time Work (pp. 62–82). Oxford University Press.
• Warren, T. ve Lyonette, C. (2020). Ungrateful slaves? An examination of job quality and job satisfaction for male part‐time workers in the UK. Br. J. Sociol., 71:3, 82–402.