Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

“Substance-Related Dreams” among Substance Users: A Qualitative Evaluation

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 44, 8198 - 8231, 26.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.903052

Abstract

This study aims to find out (i) how substance is appeared in the dreams of substance abusers; (ii) the effects of substance-related dreams, and; (iii) the relationship between craving and substance-related dreams. The study is based on qualitative research design. Semi-structured interview form is used for the data collection technique and the interview is done over 11 participants. The findings are analyzed and interpreted using the descriptive analysis method. According to the data obtained from the participants, six themes were created as follows: sleep patterns, the first period of substance related dreams, the times/periods of substance related dreams, post-dream behaviors, dream content, and gratification in a dream. The initial findings suggest that intensive craving and withdrawal can trigger the emergence of dreams; dreams can be seen in the early periods of abstinence; dreams could trigger craving and lead to substance use; dreams include violent/fear or pleasurable themes; substance users can experience gratification if they use substance in their dreams. There is a strong relationship between experiencing substance-related dreams and substance use. Therefore, having substance-related dreams can affect the intensity and frequency of substance use. The effects of substance use in dreams that are close to real experience can create a ground for enhancing the effect of dreams. Similarly, keeping an eye on the experience of dreaming for those substance users who are in the treatment process can be followed in order to see the effectiveness and process of the treatment. Substance-related dreams can be accepted as a premise related to their relaps.

References

  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem.
  • Choi, S. Y. (1973). Dreams as a prognostic factor in alcoholism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 130(6), 699–702. doi:10.1176/ajp.130.6.699.
  • Christo, G. ve Franey, C. (1996). Addicts drug-related dreams: Their frequency and relationship to six-month outcomes. Drug Use & Misuse, 31(1), 1–15. doi:10.3109/10826089609045795.
  • Colace, C. (2000). Dreams in abstinent heroin addicts: Four case reports. Sleep Hypn, 2, 160–163.
  • Colace, C. (2004) Dreaming in addiction: A study on the motivational bases of dreaming processes. Neuropsychoanalysis, 6(2), 165–179. doi:10.1080/15294145.2004.10773458.
  • Colace, C. (2006). Drug dreams in cocaine addiction. Drug Alcohol Review., 25(2), 177–177. doi:10.1080/09595230500538843.
  • Colace, C., Belsanti, S. ve Antermite, A. (2014). Limbic system irritability and drug dreams in heroin-addicted patients. Heroin Addiction and Related Clinical Problems, 16(3), 76-86.
  • Colace, C., Claps, M., Antognoli, A., Sperandio, R., Sardi, D. ve Benedetti, A. (2010). Limbic system activity and drug dreaming in drug-addicted subjects. Neuropsychoanalysis, 12(2), 201–206. doi:10.1080/15294145.2010.10773647. Denzin, N. K. (1988). Alcoholic dreams. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 5(1-2), 133–139. doi:10.1300/j020v05n01_12.
  • Du, X., Xu, W., Li, X., Zhou, D. ve Han, C. (2019). Sleep disorder in drug addiction: treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10:848. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00848.
  • Flowers, L. K. ve Zweben, J.E. (1998). The changing role of “using” dreams in addiction recovery. Journal of Drug Abuse Treatment, 15(3), 193–200. doi:10.1016/s0740-5472(97)00188-8.
  • Haas, C., Karila, L. ve Lowenstein, W. (2009). Cocaine and crack addiction: A growing public health problem. Bulletin de l'Academie Nationale de Medecine, 193(4), 947-962.
  • Hajek, P. ve Belcher, M. (1991). Dream of absent-minded transgression: An empirical study of a cognitive withdrawal symptom. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 487–491. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.4.487.
  • Halikas, J. A., Kuhn, K. L., Crosby, R., Carlson, G. ve Crea, F. (1991). The measurement of craving in cocaine patients using the minnesota cocaine craving scale. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 32(1), 22–27. doi:10.1016/0010-440x(91)90066-l.
  • Hyman, S. M., Fox, H., Hong, K.-I. A., Doebrick, C. ve Sinha, R. (2007). Stress and drug-cue-induced craving in opioid-dependent individuals in naltrexone treatment. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 15(2), 134–143. doi:10.1037/1064-1297.15.2.134.
  • Johnson, B. (2001). Drug dreams: a neuropsychoanalytic hypothesis. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 49(1), 75–96. doi:10.1177/00030651010490011101.
  • Johnson, B. (2012). Drug abuse, dreams, and nightmares. Verster J, Brady K, Galanter M. ve ark. (Ed.), Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness içinde (s.385-392), New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3375-0_31.
  • Kelly, J., F. ve Claire, G., M. (2019). The reality of drinking and drug using dreams: A study of the prevalence, predictors, and decay with time in recovery in a national sample of U.S. adults. Journal of Drug Abuse Treatment, 96, 12–17. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2018.10.005.
  • Laudet, A. B. ve White, W. L. (2008). Recovery capital as prospective predictor of sustained recovery, life satisfaction, and stress among former poly-drug users. Drug Use & Misuse, 43(1), 27–54. doi:10.1080/10826080701681473
  • Looney, M. (1972). The dreams of heroin addicts. Social Work, 17, 23–28.
  • Mooney, A. J., Eisenberg, A. ve Eisenberg, H. (1992). The recovery book. New York: Workman.
  • Reid, S., D. ve Simeon, D., T. (2001). Progression of dreams of crack cocaine abusers as a predictor of treatment outcome: a preliminary report. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189(12), 854–857. doi:10.1097/00005053-200112000-00007.
  • Rosenberg, H. (2009). Clinical and laboratory assessment of the subjective experience of drug craving. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(6), 519–534. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.06.002.
  • Silva, T. R. D. ve Nappo, S. A. (2019). Crack cocaine and dreams: The view of users. Ciencia & saude coletiva, 24, 1091-1099.
  • Şimşek, G.M., Dinç, M., Ögel, K. (2019). Bağımlılık Seyir İndeksi (BASİ)’nin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 32(2), 129-126. doi: 10.5080/u23461.
  • Şipka, H. ve Vardar, E. (2018). Buprenorfin/nalokson tedavisi gören opiyat bağımlısı hastalarda tedavinin erken döneminde uyku kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 19(5), 466-471. doi:10.5455/apd.294903.
  • Tanguay H, Zadra A, Good D ve Leri, F. (2015). Relationship between drug dreams, affect, and craving during treatment for drug dependence. Journal of Addiction Medicine., 9(2), 123–129. doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000105.
  • Yee, T., Perantie, D. C., Dhanani, N. ve Brown, E. S. (2004). Drug dreams in outpatients with bipolar disorder and cocaine dependence. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192(3), 238–242. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000116466.31133.f1.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin.
  • Zadra, A. ve Donderi, D. C. (2000). Nightmares and bad dreams: Their prevalence and relationship to well-being. Journal of Abnomral Psychology, 109(2), 273–281. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.2.273 .
  • Zhang, Z., Friedmann, P. D. ve Gerstein, D. R. (2003). Does retention matter? Treatment duration and improvement in drug use. Addiction, 98(5), 673–684. doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00354.x.

Madde Kullanıcılarında “Madde Bağlantılı Rüyalar”: Nitel Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 44, 8198 - 8231, 26.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.903052

Abstract

Bu çalışmada madde kullanıcılarının rüyalarında maddenin görünümünü ortaya çıkarmak, madde bağlantılı rüyaların etkilerini ortaya koymak ve madde kullanım isteği ile madde bağlantılı rüyalar arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma nitel araştırma desenine göre kurgulanmıştır. Veri toplama tekniği olarak yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat formu kullanılmış ve 11 katılımcıyla görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yöntemine ile analiz edilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Katılımcılardan elde edilen veriler ışığında; uyku düzeni, rüyaların ilk başladığı dönem, rüyaların görüldüğü zamanlar/dönemler, rüya sonrası davranışlar, rüya içerikleri ve rüyada doyum yaşamak olmak üzere 6 tema oluşturulmuştur. Yoğun kullanım isteğinin ve yoksunluğun rüyaların ortaya çıkmasını tetikleyebildiği, genellikle kullanıcıların temiz kaldığı ilk dönemlerde rüyaların görülebildiği, rüyaların kişilerde kullanım isteğini uyandırabildiği ve madde kullanımına yöneltebildiği, rüyaların şiddet/korku veya keyif içerikli olduğu, kullanıcıların rüyalarında madde kullanmaları durumunda rüyada doyum yaşayabildikleri öne çıkan bulgulardır. Madde bağlantılı rüyalar görmek ve madde kullanımı arasında güçlü bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Buna göre madde bağlantılı rüya görmek bireylerin madde kullanım sıklığını ve yoğunluğunu etkilemektedir. Rüyadaki madde kullanımın gerçek deneyime yakın etkiler oluşturması, rüyaların bu etkisini arttırıcı bir zemin oluşturabilir. Yine tedavi sürecinde bulunan bağımlılar için, rüya görme deneyimlerinin takip edilmesi tedavinin etkinliği ve seyri açısından takip edilebilir. Madde bağlantılı rüyalar kişilerin kayma davranışlarına ilişkin bir öncül olarak kabul edilebilir.

References

  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem.
  • Choi, S. Y. (1973). Dreams as a prognostic factor in alcoholism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 130(6), 699–702. doi:10.1176/ajp.130.6.699.
  • Christo, G. ve Franey, C. (1996). Addicts drug-related dreams: Their frequency and relationship to six-month outcomes. Drug Use & Misuse, 31(1), 1–15. doi:10.3109/10826089609045795.
  • Colace, C. (2000). Dreams in abstinent heroin addicts: Four case reports. Sleep Hypn, 2, 160–163.
  • Colace, C. (2004) Dreaming in addiction: A study on the motivational bases of dreaming processes. Neuropsychoanalysis, 6(2), 165–179. doi:10.1080/15294145.2004.10773458.
  • Colace, C. (2006). Drug dreams in cocaine addiction. Drug Alcohol Review., 25(2), 177–177. doi:10.1080/09595230500538843.
  • Colace, C., Belsanti, S. ve Antermite, A. (2014). Limbic system irritability and drug dreams in heroin-addicted patients. Heroin Addiction and Related Clinical Problems, 16(3), 76-86.
  • Colace, C., Claps, M., Antognoli, A., Sperandio, R., Sardi, D. ve Benedetti, A. (2010). Limbic system activity and drug dreaming in drug-addicted subjects. Neuropsychoanalysis, 12(2), 201–206. doi:10.1080/15294145.2010.10773647. Denzin, N. K. (1988). Alcoholic dreams. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 5(1-2), 133–139. doi:10.1300/j020v05n01_12.
  • Du, X., Xu, W., Li, X., Zhou, D. ve Han, C. (2019). Sleep disorder in drug addiction: treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10:848. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00848.
  • Flowers, L. K. ve Zweben, J.E. (1998). The changing role of “using” dreams in addiction recovery. Journal of Drug Abuse Treatment, 15(3), 193–200. doi:10.1016/s0740-5472(97)00188-8.
  • Haas, C., Karila, L. ve Lowenstein, W. (2009). Cocaine and crack addiction: A growing public health problem. Bulletin de l'Academie Nationale de Medecine, 193(4), 947-962.
  • Hajek, P. ve Belcher, M. (1991). Dream of absent-minded transgression: An empirical study of a cognitive withdrawal symptom. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 487–491. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.4.487.
  • Halikas, J. A., Kuhn, K. L., Crosby, R., Carlson, G. ve Crea, F. (1991). The measurement of craving in cocaine patients using the minnesota cocaine craving scale. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 32(1), 22–27. doi:10.1016/0010-440x(91)90066-l.
  • Hyman, S. M., Fox, H., Hong, K.-I. A., Doebrick, C. ve Sinha, R. (2007). Stress and drug-cue-induced craving in opioid-dependent individuals in naltrexone treatment. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 15(2), 134–143. doi:10.1037/1064-1297.15.2.134.
  • Johnson, B. (2001). Drug dreams: a neuropsychoanalytic hypothesis. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 49(1), 75–96. doi:10.1177/00030651010490011101.
  • Johnson, B. (2012). Drug abuse, dreams, and nightmares. Verster J, Brady K, Galanter M. ve ark. (Ed.), Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness içinde (s.385-392), New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3375-0_31.
  • Kelly, J., F. ve Claire, G., M. (2019). The reality of drinking and drug using dreams: A study of the prevalence, predictors, and decay with time in recovery in a national sample of U.S. adults. Journal of Drug Abuse Treatment, 96, 12–17. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2018.10.005.
  • Laudet, A. B. ve White, W. L. (2008). Recovery capital as prospective predictor of sustained recovery, life satisfaction, and stress among former poly-drug users. Drug Use & Misuse, 43(1), 27–54. doi:10.1080/10826080701681473
  • Looney, M. (1972). The dreams of heroin addicts. Social Work, 17, 23–28.
  • Mooney, A. J., Eisenberg, A. ve Eisenberg, H. (1992). The recovery book. New York: Workman.
  • Reid, S., D. ve Simeon, D., T. (2001). Progression of dreams of crack cocaine abusers as a predictor of treatment outcome: a preliminary report. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189(12), 854–857. doi:10.1097/00005053-200112000-00007.
  • Rosenberg, H. (2009). Clinical and laboratory assessment of the subjective experience of drug craving. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(6), 519–534. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.06.002.
  • Silva, T. R. D. ve Nappo, S. A. (2019). Crack cocaine and dreams: The view of users. Ciencia & saude coletiva, 24, 1091-1099.
  • Şimşek, G.M., Dinç, M., Ögel, K. (2019). Bağımlılık Seyir İndeksi (BASİ)’nin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 32(2), 129-126. doi: 10.5080/u23461.
  • Şipka, H. ve Vardar, E. (2018). Buprenorfin/nalokson tedavisi gören opiyat bağımlısı hastalarda tedavinin erken döneminde uyku kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 19(5), 466-471. doi:10.5455/apd.294903.
  • Tanguay H, Zadra A, Good D ve Leri, F. (2015). Relationship between drug dreams, affect, and craving during treatment for drug dependence. Journal of Addiction Medicine., 9(2), 123–129. doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000105.
  • Yee, T., Perantie, D. C., Dhanani, N. ve Brown, E. S. (2004). Drug dreams in outpatients with bipolar disorder and cocaine dependence. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192(3), 238–242. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000116466.31133.f1.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin.
  • Zadra, A. ve Donderi, D. C. (2000). Nightmares and bad dreams: Their prevalence and relationship to well-being. Journal of Abnomral Psychology, 109(2), 273–281. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.2.273 .
  • Zhang, Z., Friedmann, P. D. ve Gerstein, D. R. (2003). Does retention matter? Treatment duration and improvement in drug use. Addiction, 98(5), 673–684. doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00354.x.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology (Other), Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emine İlme 0000-0002-0286-916X

Esra Yıldız 0000-0002-2912-1231

İlker Aktürk 0000-0001-9626-3275

Hakan Karaman 0000-0002-5729-6012

Ömer Yaman 0000-0001-9989-8575

Publication Date December 26, 2021
Acceptance Date September 8, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 18 Issue: 44

Cite

APA İlme, E., Yıldız, E., Aktürk, İ., Karaman, H., et al. (2021). Madde Kullanıcılarında “Madde Bağlantılı Rüyalar”: Nitel Bir Değerlendirme. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 18(44), 8198-8231. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.903052