İleri evre kanser hastalarında opioid kullanımı

Year 2018, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 93 - 97, 02.03.2018

Fatih Karataş

https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.343002

Abstract

Giriş:
Opioidler ileri evre kanser hastalarında tümörün tipinden bağımsız olarak orta
ve şiddetli ağrıların tedavisinde temel taşıdır. Opioidlerin doğru endikasyonları
oluşsa bile gerektiği kadar yaygın ve yeterli dozda kullanılmamaktadır. Ülkemizdeki
opiod kullanımına ışık tutmak için, opioid kullanan kanser hastalarında tanı,
opioid dozu ve yan etki profilini değerlendirmek istedik.

Hastalar ve Metod:
Haziran–Aralık 2014 tarihleri arasında kliniğimize yatan toplam 490 hastadan retrospektif
olarak tarandı ve opioidle (fentanil) ağrı palyasyonu sağlanan 173 ileri evre
kanser hastası çalışmaya dahil edildi. Opioid dozları zayıf (≤ 100 mg/gün oral
morfin ve eşdeğeri) ve yüksek (>100 mg/gün oral morfin ve eşdeğeri) olarak ikiye
ayrılarak demografik veriler ve yan etkilerle ilişkisi incelendi.

Bulgular:
Toplam 173 hastanın, 115’i (%66.5) erkek ve 58’i (%33.5) kadındı ve ortalama
yaş 59.9±12 olarak saptandı. Hastaların 141 (%81.5)’i metastatikken 32’si
(%18.5) non-metastatik ileri evredeydi. 37 (%21.4) akciğer, 34 (%19.7) mide, 22
(%12.7) meme, 17 (%9.8) lenfoma-lösemi, 16 (%9.2) kolon, 16 (%9.2) prostat, 11
(%6.4) rektum, 10 (%5.8) pankreas ve 10 (%5.8) hastada ise diğer kanserler
mevcuttu. Yüksek doz opioid kullanımı sıklığı ve tanılar (pankreas, mide,
prostat, kolorektal, meme, akciğer ve lenfoma; sırasıyla %50, %44.1, %37.5,
30.7, %36.4, %32.4, ve %17.6, P = 0.62) ve yan etki profili açısından anlamlı
fark yoktu (P >0.05).

Sonuç:
Kanser türünden bağımsız olarak, opioid kullanan üç hastanın en az birinde
yüksek doz opioid ihtiyacı mevcuttur. Yüksek doz opioid kullanımı beraberinde
daha yüksek oranda yan etki riskini de getirmediğinden dolayı, kanser
hastalarında ağrı palyasyonu için gerek görüldüğünde opioid dozu etkin ve çok
yüksek dozlara kadar artırılarak kullanılmalıdır.

Keywords

Kanser ağrısı, opioid tedavisi, düşük doz opioid, yüksek doz opioid

Opioid use in advanced stage cancer patients

Abstract

Objective: We
wanted to evaluate the dose intensity and the rate of opioid use in patients
hospitalized with a diagnosis of cancer at Medical Oncology Department.Cancer pain, opioid therapy, low-dose opioid, high-dose opioid

Patients and Methods: June
to December 2014, data were retropectively analiysed from 173 patients in 490
advanced cancer patients who were admitted to our clinic and received opioid
treatment. Types of opioid use divided as weak (equal  to ≤100 mg/day and strong (equal to >100 mg/day
morphine), and the opioid dose intensity were examined.

Results: A total of 173
patients, 114 (66.3%) were male and 58 (33.7%) were female, mean age of
59.9±4.12 were found. 141 (81.5%) patients had metastases, 32 (18.5%) patients
had no metastases. According to type of cancer, 37 patients were classified
(21.4%) lung, 34 (19.7%) of the stomach, 22 patients (12.7%), breast, and 17
(9.8%), leukemia, lymphoma, 16 (9.2%), colon and 16 (9.2%) of the prostate, 11
patients (6.4%), the rectum, and 10 (5.8%), pancreatic cancer, and 10 patients (5.8%)
present in other cancers. There were no statistically differences found among
opioid side effects according to opioid dosage (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Regardless
of the type of cancer, high doses of opioid are required in at least one of the
three opioid-utilizing patients. Since high dose opioid use does not bring with
it a higher risk of side effects, the opioid should be used in an effective and
very high dose of opioid when it is needed for palliation of pain in cancer
patients.

 

Keywords

Cancer pain, opioid therapy, low-dose opioid, high-dose opioid

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