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Comparative analysis of patients hospitalized for severe transaminase elevation according to etiology and laboratory findings

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 181 - 186, 01.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.441146

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the etiological,
epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings of patients hospitalized in internal
clinics with elevated transaminases and to create a point of view with clinical
cues for acute hepatitis.



Methods: A total of 102 patients who were hospitalized in Internal Medicine
and Infectious Diseases Clinics between January 2010 and September 2013 and whose
transaminase levels were at least five times higher than the upper limit were included
in the study. Patients’ age, sex, etiology, laboratory findings, length of stay
in the clinic, and duration of liver enzymes normalizations were examined retrospectively.
ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests were used in the analysis of qualitative
and quantitative data.



Results: Of the 102 patients with acute liver injury, 58 (56.9%) were
female and 44 (43.1%) were male. The average age is 46 years. The study group consisted
of three main groups: toxic hepatitis (34.3%), acute viral hepatitis (25.5%) and
ischemic hepatitis (17.6%). This was followed by acute nonbiliary pancreatitis (6.9%),
autoimmune hepatitis (4.9%) and other (10.8%) groups. Transaminase and bilirubin
values ​​were higher in acute
viral hepatitis than other groups. Acute viral hepatitis group hospitalized for
the longest time. The group which the liver enzymes recovered at the latest was
toxic hepatitis. The two most common causes of toxic hepatitis were nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs and herbal products. In the ischemic hepatitis group, the
mean age was significantly higher. Alcohol use was not effective on the duration
of hospitalization and normalization of liver enzymes.



Conclusion: Rapid determination of etiology, shortening hospitalization
periot, and proper use of laboratory tests are important in patients with elevated
transaminases. The purpose of this study is to enable the clinician to have an effective
approach to acute liver damage.

References

  • Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine; 2015. (doi: 0.1036/007149619X).
  • Green RM, Flamm S. AGA technical review on the evaluation of liver chemistry tests. Gastroenterology 2002; 123: 1367-84. (doi: 10.1053/gast.2002.36061).
  • Giannini EG, Testa R, Savarino V. Liver enzyme alteration: A guide for clinicians. CMAJ. 2005; 172: 367-79. (doi: 10.1503/cmaj.1040752).
  • Patel S. Hepatitis. SA Pharm J 2015; 82: 20-3.
  • Alempijevic T, Dragasevic S, Zec S, Popovic D, Milosavljevic T. Non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease. Postgrad Med J 2017; 93: 226-30. (doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134546).
  • Navarro VJ, Khan I, Björnsson E, Seeff LB, Serrano J, Hoofnagle JH. Liver injury from herbal and dietary supplements. Hepatology 2017; 65: 363-73. (doi: 10.1002/hep.28813).
  • Bernal W, Wendon J. Acute Liver Failure. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 2525-34. (doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1208937).
  • Clermont RJ, Chalmers TC. The transaminase tests in liver disease. Med (United States) 1967; 46: 197-207. (doi: 10.1097/00005792-196703000-00012).
  • Dufour DR, Lott JA, Nolte FS, Gretch DR, Koff RS, Seeff LB. Diagnosis and monitoring of hepatic injury. II. Recommendations for use of laboratory tests in screening, diagnosis, and monitoring. Clin Chem 2000; 46: 2050-68. (doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.12.002).
  • Seeto RK, Fenn B, Rockey DC. Ischemic hepatitis: Clinical presentation and pathogenesis. Am J Med 2000; 109: 109-13. (doi: 10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00461-7).
  • Singer AJ, Carracio TR, Mofenson HC. The temporal profile of ıncreased transaminase levels in patients with acetaminophen-ınduced liver dysfunction. Ann Emerg Med 1995; 26: 49-53. (doi: 10.1016/S0196-0644(95)70237-7).
  • Lightsey JM, Rockey DC. Current concepts in ischemic hepatitis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2017; 33: 158-63. (doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000355).
  • Cassidy WM, Reynolds TB. Serum lactic dehydrogenase in the differential diagnosis of acute hepatocellular injury. J Clin Gastroenterol 1994; 19: 118-21. (doi: 10.1097/00004836-199409000-00008).
  • Mayumi T, Takada T, Kawarada Y, et al. Management strategy for acute pancreatitis in the JPN Guidelines. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2006; 13: 61-7. (doi: 10.1007/s00534-005-1053-5).

Karaciğer enzim düzeylerinde ciddi yükseklik saptanan hastaların etiyoloji ve laboratuvar bulgularına göre karşılaştırmalı analizi

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 181 - 186, 01.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.441146

Abstract

Amaç: Transaminazlarda belirgin yükseklik saptanarak dahili kliniklere yatırılmış
hastaların etiyolojik, epidemiyolojik, klinik ve laboratuar bulgularının değerlendirilerek
akut hepatit tablosuna klinik ipuçları ile ışık tutmak amaçlanmıştır.



Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2010–Eylül 2013 yılları arasında İç Hastalıkları
ile Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Kliniklerinde yatırılan, transaminaz düzeylerinde üst
sınırın en az beş katı yükseklik saptanan 102 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların
yaş, cinsiyet, etiyoloji, laboratuvar bulguları, klinikte yatış süreleri ve karaciğer
enzim düzeylerinin normal düzeye dönme süreleri retrospektif olarak incelendi. ANOVA,
Kruskal-Wallis ve Ki-kare test niceliksel ve niteliksel verilerin analizinde kullanıldı.



Bulgular: Akut karaciğer hasarı olan 102 hastanın 58’i (%56,9)
kadın, 44’ü (%43,1) erkekti. Yaş ortalaması 46 yıldı. Çalışmada 3 ana grubu toksik
hepatit (%34,3), akut viral hepatit (%25,5) ve iskemik hepatit (%17,6) grupları
oluşturdu. Bunu akut nonbiliyer pankreatit (%6,9), otoimmun hepatit (%4,9) ve diğer
(%10,8) grupları izledi. Akut viral hepatitlilerde diğer gruplara kıyasla transaminaz
ve bilirubin değerleri anlamlı (p<0,05) olarak daha yüksekti. Hastanede en uzun
süre yatırılan hasta grubunu akut viral hepatitliler oluşturdu. Karaciğer enzimlerinin
en geç düzeldiği grubu toksik hepatitliler oluşturdu. Toksik hepatitlilerde en sık
iki neden nonsteroid antiinflamatuvar ilaçlar ve bitkisel ürünlerdi. İskemik hepatit
grubunda, yaş ortalaması tüm hepatit gruplarına göre anlamlı olarak yüksek saptandı.
Alkol kullanımının, klinikte yatış süresi ve karaciğer enzimlerinin normalleşme
süresi üzerinde etkili olmadığı görüldü.



Sonuç: Transaminaz yüksekliği olan hastalarda hızlıca etiyolojinin belirlenmesi, gereksiz
yatış sürelerinin kısaltılması ve laboratuvar testlerinin yerinde ve akılcı kullanılması
önemlidir. Çalışmamızın amacı akut karaciğer hasarına klinisyen gözüyle doğru ve
etkin bir yaklaşım sağlayabilmektir.

References

  • Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine; 2015. (doi: 0.1036/007149619X).
  • Green RM, Flamm S. AGA technical review on the evaluation of liver chemistry tests. Gastroenterology 2002; 123: 1367-84. (doi: 10.1053/gast.2002.36061).
  • Giannini EG, Testa R, Savarino V. Liver enzyme alteration: A guide for clinicians. CMAJ. 2005; 172: 367-79. (doi: 10.1503/cmaj.1040752).
  • Patel S. Hepatitis. SA Pharm J 2015; 82: 20-3.
  • Alempijevic T, Dragasevic S, Zec S, Popovic D, Milosavljevic T. Non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease. Postgrad Med J 2017; 93: 226-30. (doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134546).
  • Navarro VJ, Khan I, Björnsson E, Seeff LB, Serrano J, Hoofnagle JH. Liver injury from herbal and dietary supplements. Hepatology 2017; 65: 363-73. (doi: 10.1002/hep.28813).
  • Bernal W, Wendon J. Acute Liver Failure. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 2525-34. (doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1208937).
  • Clermont RJ, Chalmers TC. The transaminase tests in liver disease. Med (United States) 1967; 46: 197-207. (doi: 10.1097/00005792-196703000-00012).
  • Dufour DR, Lott JA, Nolte FS, Gretch DR, Koff RS, Seeff LB. Diagnosis and monitoring of hepatic injury. II. Recommendations for use of laboratory tests in screening, diagnosis, and monitoring. Clin Chem 2000; 46: 2050-68. (doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.12.002).
  • Seeto RK, Fenn B, Rockey DC. Ischemic hepatitis: Clinical presentation and pathogenesis. Am J Med 2000; 109: 109-13. (doi: 10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00461-7).
  • Singer AJ, Carracio TR, Mofenson HC. The temporal profile of ıncreased transaminase levels in patients with acetaminophen-ınduced liver dysfunction. Ann Emerg Med 1995; 26: 49-53. (doi: 10.1016/S0196-0644(95)70237-7).
  • Lightsey JM, Rockey DC. Current concepts in ischemic hepatitis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2017; 33: 158-63. (doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000355).
  • Cassidy WM, Reynolds TB. Serum lactic dehydrogenase in the differential diagnosis of acute hepatocellular injury. J Clin Gastroenterol 1994; 19: 118-21. (doi: 10.1097/00004836-199409000-00008).
  • Mayumi T, Takada T, Kawarada Y, et al. Management strategy for acute pancreatitis in the JPN Guidelines. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2006; 13: 61-7. (doi: 10.1007/s00534-005-1053-5).
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original article
Authors

Burak Bursalı 0000-0002-4413-0232

Serhat Sayın 0000-0002-8201-1760

Ramazan Gökdemir 0000-0003-0750-5485

Publication Date June 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Bursalı B, Sayın S, Gökdemir R. Comparative analysis of patients hospitalized for severe transaminase elevation according to etiology and laboratory findings. omj. 2019;11(2):181-6.

e-ISSN: 2548-0251

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