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Türkiye’den bildirilen nozokomiyal Kırım Kongo kanamalı ateşi olgularının değerlendirilmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 322 - 325, 01.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.486938

Abstract

Amaç: Kırım Kongo kanamalı ateşi (KKKA) ülkemizde 2002 yılından beri düzenli bildirimi yapılan, kanamalarla seyreden, ölümlere sebep olabilen önemli bir hastalıktır. Genel olarak hastalık endemik bölgede yaşayan çiftçilik ve/veya hayvancılıkla uğraşan insanlarda kene teması sonrası bulaşmaktadır. Ancak özellikle sağlık çalışanlarına nozokomiyal olarak bulaş olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ülkemizden bildirilen nozokomiyal kaynaklı KKKA olgularının irdelenmesi amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Yayınlar ulusal (http://uvt.ulakbim.gov.tr, http://www.turkmedline.net) ve uluslararası veri tabanları (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, google scholar) kullanılarak tarandı. Tespit edilen olgular bulaş yolu, proflaksi veya tedavi verilip verilmediği ve hastalığın seyri yönlerinden, havuz analizi yapılarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Kriterlere uygun olan 6 çalışma dahil edildi. Bu çalışmalarda, 5 merkezde, toplam 12 dönemde, 49 kişide nozokomiyal bulaş olduğu bildirilmiştir. Olguların büyük çoğunluğunu hasta bakımıyla ilgili sağlık çalışanları oluştururken, iki kişi hasta yakını, bir kişi ise KKKA tanılı bir hastayla aynı odayı paylaşan başka bir hastaydı. Bulaş şekilleri irdelendiğinde; genellikle bulaşın KKKA hastalarının sekresyonlarına yakın temas veya kesici delici alet yaralanmaları sonucunda olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu 49 hastanın 23’ünde temas sonrası ribavirin proflaksisi verilmiş ve bunların hiçbirinde klinik olarak KKKA gelişmemiştir, yalnızca bir hastada seroloji pozitifliği olmuştur.
Sonuçlar: KKKA ülkemizde halen önemini koruyan endemik bir hastalıktır. Özellikle endemik bölgede yaşayan hastaları muayene ederken veya tıbbi müdahalede bulunurken standart korunma önlemlerinin doğru bir şekilde uygulanması önemlidir. Temas sonrası hastayı yakından izlenmeli ve ribavirin proflaksisinin faydalı olabileceğinden profilaksi yönünden de değerlendirilmelidir.

References

  • Ergonul O. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6: 203-14.
  • Whitehouse CA. Crimean- Congo haemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Resarch 2004; 64: 145-60.
  • Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/zoonotik-vektorel-hastaliklar-db/zoonotik-hastaliklar/1-KKKA/3-istatistik/KKKA_Haritalar_2017_Dahil.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 21 Kasım 2018.
  • Ergönül Ö, Keske Ş, Çeldir MG, ve ark. systematic review and meta-analysis of postexposure prophylaxis for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus among healthcare workers. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24: 1642-8.
  • Smego RA Jr, Sarwari AR, Siddiqui AR. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: prevention and control limitations in a resource-poor country. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38: 1731-5.
  • El-Azazy OM, Scrimgeour EM. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection in the western province of Saudi Arabia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1997; 91: 275-8.
  • Mardani M, Jahromi MK, Naieni KH, Zeinali M. The efficacy of oral ribavirin in the treatment of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 36(12): 1613-8.
  • Oldfield EC, Wallace MR, Hyams KC, Yousif AA, Lewis DE, Bourgeois AL. Endemic infectious diseases of the Middle East. Rev Infect Dis 1991; 13: 1028-9.
  • Burney MI, Ghafoor A, Saleen M, Webb PA, Casals J. Nosocomial outbreak of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Crimean Hemorrhagic fever-Congo virus in Pakistan, January 1976. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1980; 29: 941-7.
  • Suleiman MN, Muscat-Baron JM, Harries JR, ve ark. Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Dubai. An outbreak at the Rashid Hospital. Lancet 1980; 2: 939-41.
  • Guven G, Talan L, Altintas ND, Memikoglu KO, Yoruk F, Azap A. An unexpected fatal CCHF case and management of exposed health care workers. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 55: 118–21.
  • Parlak E, Ertürk A, Koşan Z, Parlak M, Özkurt Z. A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 5: 5–9.
  • Celikbas AK, Dokuzoğuz B, Baykam N, ve ark. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever among health care workers, Turkey. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20: 477–9.
  • Guner R, Hasanoglu I, Tasyaran MA, ve ark. Is ribavirin prophylaxis effective for nosocomial transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever? Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2014; 14: 601–5.
  • Gürbüz Y, Sencan I, Oztürk B, Tütüncü E. A case of nosocomial transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever from patient to patient. Int J Infect Dis 2009; 13: 105-7.
  • Tütüncü EE, Gurbuz Y, Ozturk B, Kuscu F, Sencan I. Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever, precautions and ribavirin prophylaxis: a case report. Scand J Infect Dis 2009; 41: 378–80.
  • Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/zoonotikvektorel-kkka/zoonotik-vektorel-kkka-istatistik. Erişim Tarihi: 21 Kasım 2018.
  • Ergonul O. Treatment of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Res 2008; 78: 125-31.

Evaluation of nosocomial Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever patients reported from Turkey

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 322 - 325, 01.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.486938

Abstract

Aim: Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is an important disease that can lead to hemorrhages and deaths and has been seen in our country since the year 2002. The disease generally spreads to farmers and/or people occupied in animal husbandry after tick bite in the endemic regions. But nosocomial contagion can be seen especially in health care workers (HCWs). In this study the nosocomial contagions from CCHF patients were evaluated.
Material and Method: The studies were screened by using national (http://uvt.ulakbim.gov.tr, http://www.turkmedline.net) and international (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, google scholar) data bases. The detected cases were evaluated for contagion route, presence of prophylactic therapy and disease course by using pool analysis method.
Results: Six studies were included in this study. In these studies, totally 49 nosocomial contagion were reported in 5 different centers and in 12 different periods. The majority of these were HCWs, two of them were relatives of the patients and one of them was another patient sharing a CCHF patient’s room. The majority of the contagion routes were exposure to the secretions of the CCHF patients and sharps injury. Among these 49 patients, 23 were given Ribavirin prophylaxis and none of them developed clinical CCHF disease but seroconversion developed in only one patient.
Conclusion: CCHF is still an important disease in our country. To comply with the universal precautions is essential during medical interventions especially in endemic regions. Also, it was thought that evaluating the patient after exposure and Ribavirin prophylaxis can be beneficial.

References

  • Ergonul O. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6: 203-14.
  • Whitehouse CA. Crimean- Congo haemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Resarch 2004; 64: 145-60.
  • Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/zoonotik-vektorel-hastaliklar-db/zoonotik-hastaliklar/1-KKKA/3-istatistik/KKKA_Haritalar_2017_Dahil.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 21 Kasım 2018.
  • Ergönül Ö, Keske Ş, Çeldir MG, ve ark. systematic review and meta-analysis of postexposure prophylaxis for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus among healthcare workers. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24: 1642-8.
  • Smego RA Jr, Sarwari AR, Siddiqui AR. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: prevention and control limitations in a resource-poor country. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38: 1731-5.
  • El-Azazy OM, Scrimgeour EM. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection in the western province of Saudi Arabia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1997; 91: 275-8.
  • Mardani M, Jahromi MK, Naieni KH, Zeinali M. The efficacy of oral ribavirin in the treatment of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 36(12): 1613-8.
  • Oldfield EC, Wallace MR, Hyams KC, Yousif AA, Lewis DE, Bourgeois AL. Endemic infectious diseases of the Middle East. Rev Infect Dis 1991; 13: 1028-9.
  • Burney MI, Ghafoor A, Saleen M, Webb PA, Casals J. Nosocomial outbreak of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Crimean Hemorrhagic fever-Congo virus in Pakistan, January 1976. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1980; 29: 941-7.
  • Suleiman MN, Muscat-Baron JM, Harries JR, ve ark. Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Dubai. An outbreak at the Rashid Hospital. Lancet 1980; 2: 939-41.
  • Guven G, Talan L, Altintas ND, Memikoglu KO, Yoruk F, Azap A. An unexpected fatal CCHF case and management of exposed health care workers. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 55: 118–21.
  • Parlak E, Ertürk A, Koşan Z, Parlak M, Özkurt Z. A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 5: 5–9.
  • Celikbas AK, Dokuzoğuz B, Baykam N, ve ark. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever among health care workers, Turkey. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20: 477–9.
  • Guner R, Hasanoglu I, Tasyaran MA, ve ark. Is ribavirin prophylaxis effective for nosocomial transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever? Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2014; 14: 601–5.
  • Gürbüz Y, Sencan I, Oztürk B, Tütüncü E. A case of nosocomial transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever from patient to patient. Int J Infect Dis 2009; 13: 105-7.
  • Tütüncü EE, Gurbuz Y, Ozturk B, Kuscu F, Sencan I. Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever, precautions and ribavirin prophylaxis: a case report. Scand J Infect Dis 2009; 41: 378–80.
  • Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/zoonotikvektorel-kkka/zoonotik-vektorel-kkka-istatistik. Erişim Tarihi: 21 Kasım 2018.
  • Ergonul O. Treatment of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Res 2008; 78: 125-31.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original article
Authors

Doğan Barış Öztürk 0000-0001-7359-8080

Publication Date September 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Öztürk DB. Türkiye’den bildirilen nozokomiyal Kırım Kongo kanamalı ateşi olgularının değerlendirilmesi. omj. 2019;11(3):322-5.

e-ISSN: 2548-0251

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