Devletin Bakir Bir Tanımı: Sanal Devlet ve Katar Örneği

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 1 - 29, 07.07.2022

Cengiz Mert Bulut

https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1112622

Abstract

Yüksek katma değerli ve soyut varlıklarda uzmanlaşmaya başlayan devletler ile birlikte karasal ve askeri hırslar önemini yitirmeye başladı. Richard Rosecrance, bu nispeten küçük hacimli devletlerin yeni kalkınma yöntemlerini formüle etmeye gayret etti. Bu 'sanal' devletler, geleneksel üretim metotları ile içeride devasa bir imalat kapasitesi geliştirmek yerine, bilgi-bazlı, yapay zekâ ve inovasyona dayalı, sermayeyi öne çıkaran, katma değeri yüksek ve soyut varlıkların mobilitesini içeren bir kalkınma izledi. Bazı devletler, Rosecrance’ın tanımına göre tam olarak sanal devlet çerçevesine oturmasa da onun bazı karakteristiklerini taşıdı. Bu çalışma, zengin hidrokarbon kaynaklarını etkin ve verimli bir şekilde teknoloji ve inovasyon ile harmanlayarak sınır ve nüfusunun ötesinde bir nüfuz alanı kurmayı başaran Katar'ın birtakım sanal devlet karakteristikleri taşıdığını iddia etmektedir. Teorik bir incelemenin ardından çalışma, 2017 yılında dört Arap ülkesi tarafından Katar'a yönelik uygulanan ambargonun yıkıcı etkilerinin Katar'ın taşıdığı sanal devlet karakteristikleri nedeniyle bu ülke üzerinde sınırlı kaldığını iddia etmektedir. Son olarak, çalışmanın son bölümü, Katar'ın bu karakteristiklerinin en önemli uygulama sahası olarak Türkiye ile ilişkileri olduğunu iddia etmekte ve bu ilişkileri ideoloji ve siyaset temelli hâkim literatürün aksine iktisadi ve finansal açılardan değerlendirmektedir.

Keywords

Sanal Devlet, Türkiye-Katar İlişkileri, Katar Diplomatik Krizi, Uluslararası İşbirliği, Yatırım

An Untapped Definition of The State: The Virtual State and Example of Qatar

Abstract

The facet of territorial and military ambitions began to lose its importance with the states starting to specialize in high value-added and intangible assets. Richard Rosecrance endeavored to formulate a novel development method for these relatively small-scale states. Instead of developing an immense domestic manufacturing capacity with traditional production methods, these 'virtual' states have followed a knowledge, artificial intelligence, and innovation-based development that emphasizes investment, high added value, and the mobility of intangible assets. Although some states did not wholly fit into the virtual state framework within the scope of Rosecrance's definition, they carried some of its characteristics. This study claims that Qatar, which has succeeded in establishing a sphere of influence beyond its borders and population, has some virtual state characteristics by merging its rich hydrocarbon resources with technology and innovation. After a theoretical review, the study claims that Qatar's virtual state characteristics have considerably mitigated the deleterious effects of the embargo imposed on Qatar by four Arab countries in 2017. The final part expands the Qatar-Turkey relationship that comes to the forefront as the field of applying these characteristics from an economic and financial perspective, contrary to the prevailing ideology and politics-based studies in the literature.

Keywords

Virtual State, Turkey-Qatar Relations, Qatar Diplomatic Crisis, International Cooperation, Investment

Arapça

Abstract

بدأ وجه الطموحات الإقليمية والعسكرية يفقد أهميته مع بدء التخصص في الأصول غير الملموسة وذات القيمة المضافة العالية. حاول ريتشارد روزكرانس صياغة طريقة تطوير جديدة لهذه الدول الصغيرة نسبيًا. بدلاً من تطوير قدرة تصنيع محلية هائلة باستخدام أساليب الإنتاج التقليدية ، اتبعت هذه الدول "الافتراضية" المعرفة والذكاء الاصطناعي والتنمية القائمة على الابتكار التي تركز على الاستثمار والقيمة المضافة العالية وتنقل الأصول غير المادية. على الرغم من أن بعض الدول لم تنسجم تمامًا مع إطار الدولة الافتراضية ضمن نطاق تعريف Rosecrance ، إلا أنها حملت بعض خصائصه. تدعي هذه الدراسة أن قطر ، التي نجحت في إنشاء مجال نفوذ خارج حدودها وسكانها ، لديها بعض خصائص الدولة الافتراضية من خلال دمج مواردها الهيدروكربونية الغنية مع التكنولوجيا والابتكار. بعد مراجعة نظرية ، تزعم الدراسة أن خصائص دولة قطر الافتراضية قد خففت إلى حد كبير من الآثار الضارة للحظر المفروض على قطر من قبل أربع دول عربية في عام 2017. الجزء الأخير يوسع العلاقة بين قطر وتركيا التي تأتي في المقدمة باعتبارها مجال تطبيق هذه الخصائص من منظور اقتصادي ومالي خلافا للفكر السائد والدراسات السياسية في الأدب.

Keywords

Arapça, Arapça2, Arapça3

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