Abstract
Sulfur has many uses. Most of the crude sulfur is produced by sulfur dioxide gas, sulfuric acid, carbon sulfide, thiosulfate, etc. used in production. Bee sulfur is included in the composition of black powder and fireworks. It should be noted that sulfur is used in the preparation of pomades and shampoos used in the treatment of skin diseases and sulphurization against powdery mildew disease seen in vineyards. There is a sulfur mine in the island town of İncirli, which is a community of twelve islands connected to the island of Kos of Rhodes. We understand from the first document in 1840 that there was a sulfur mine on the island, as these mining operating privileges were intended to be granted. Sulfur mine started to be processed in the factory, which was established under Tophane-i Amire in 1857. The sulfur soil of the mine, which was operated with the privileges of foreigners for a certain period, was exported to the surrounding areas with special permissions given by the state. Although there is sulphurous soil on other islands around; It could not yield as much vineyards as on İncirli Island. Two types of sulfur soil were produced in İncirli Island. Due to the earthquake that occurred, new mining areas were opened on İncirli Island; The factory here was transferred from Tophane-i Amire to tax farmers. The data and information used in this study were mainly obtained from the documents in the Presidential Ottoman Archive, official statistics of the period and other publications. The location of the sulfur mine, the type and production characteristics of the mine, and the persons to whom the concession was granted, were examined one by one; mine production and the mining sector in the economic structure of the Ottoman Empire are explained.