Gelişimsel Yetersizliği Olan Çocuklarda Uyku Sorunları Ve Davranışsal Müdahale Yöntemleri

Year 2018, Volume: 19 Issue: 4, 801 - 824, 01.12.2018

Özlem Toper

https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.397343

Abstract

Yeterli uyku uyuyamama kişilerin gündelik hayatını son derece
olumsuz bir şekilde etkilediği gibi, çeşitli sağlık sorunlarını da beraberinde
getirebilmektedir. Normal gelişim gösteren çocuklarla karşılaştırıldığında,
otizm spektrum bozukluğu ve zihinsel yetersizlik gibi gelişimsel yetersizliği olan
çocuklarda uyku sorunları daha fazla gözlenmektedir. Bu durum uyku sorunu
yaşayan bireylerin gündelik aktivitelerini olumsuz yönde etkilediği gibi,
bakımlarından sorumlu olan diğer aile üyelerini de olumsuz yönde etkilemekte ve
stres düzeylerini arttırmaktadır. Bu nedenle uyku sorunlarının giderilmesine
yönelik uygun müdahalelerin gerçekleştirilmesi önemlidir. Uluslararası alan
yazında gelişimsel yetersizliği olan çocukların uyku sorunlarının incelenmesine
ve davranışsal müdahale yöntemlerinin etkililiğine yönelik çeşitli araştırmalar
bulunmakla birlikte, ülkemizde özellikle özel eğitim alanında uyku sorunlarının
çözümüne yönelik davranışsal müdahale araştırmalarına rastlanmamaktadır. Bu
gereksinimden yola çıkarak bu çalışmada, gelişimsel yetersizliği olan
bireylerde gözlenen davranışsal uyku sorunlarının neler olduğuna ve davranışsal
müdahale yöntem ve stratejilerine ilişkin bilgilere yer verilmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, uyku sorunlarının çözülmesinde kullanılan davranışsal
müdahale yöntemleri ile uyku eğitimi programlarının içeriğine yönelik alanyazın
taraması gerçekleştirilerek, elde edilen bilgiler derlenmiştir. Çalışmada yer
verilen bilgilerin özellikle gelişimsel yetersizliği olup uyku sorunu yaşayan
çocuk sahibi ailelere ve özel eğitim alanında çalışan eğitimcilere rehberlik
etmesi, aynı zamanda ileriye yönelik planlanacak olan araştırma ve uygulamalara
katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Gelişimsel yetersizlik, uyku sorunları, uyku eğitimi

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