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YÖNETİMSEL VE OPERASYONEL CİNSİYET ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNİN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ: BİST TİCARİ BANKALAR ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA

Year 2023, , 127 - 132, 01.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2023.1676

Abstract

Amaç- Bu çalışmanın amacı, yönetim düzeyinde ve opreasyonel düzeyde cinsiyet eşitliği/çeşitliliği uygulamalarının finansal performansa etkisini araştırmaktır.
Yöntem- Bloomberg cinsiyet eşitliği endeksinde(GEI) yer alan dört ticari bankanın 2016-2021 yılları arasındaki finansal göstergeleri tanımlayıcı istatistikler aracılığıyla endekste yer almayan Borsa İstanbul ticari bankaları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Endekste yer almanın firma performansına etkisi ise panel regresyon yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Finansal performans ölçütü olarak aktif karlılığı ve öz sermaye karlılığı değişkenleri kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular- Cinsiyet eşitliği endeksinde yer alan firmaların ortalama piyasa değeri/defter değeri, aktif karlılığı ve öz sermaye karlılığı endekste yer almayan firmalara göre daha yüksek; krediler/mevduat oranı ve ortalama aktif büyüklüğü endekste yer almayan firmalara göre daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Panel regresyon analizi sonuçları ise cinsiyet eşitliği endeksinde yer almanın aktif karlılığını ve öz sermaye karlılığını pozitif yönde etkilediğini göstermiştir.
Sonuç- Yönetim ve operasyonel seviyede cinsiyet çeşitliliğinin finansal performansa etkisinin pozitif yönde tespit edilmesi uygulayıcılar, yatırımcılar ve yasal düzenleyiciler için yol gösterici olabilecektir.

References

  • Adams, R. B., & Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance. Journal of Financial Economics, 94(2), 291-309.
  • Ahmed, H. L., & Bukth, T. (2019). Effect of employee diversity on firm performance in Bangladesh. Frontiers in Management Research, 3(1), 26-39.
  • Ain, Q. U., Yuan, X., & Javaid, H. M. (2021). The impact of board gender diversity and foreign institutional investors on firm innovation: evidence from China. European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(3), 1460-1060.
  • Ali, M., & Konrad, A. M. (2017). Antecedents and consequences of diversity and equality management systems: The importance of gender diversity in the TMT and lower to middle management. European Management Journal, 35(4), 440-453.
  • Alvarado, R. N., Briones, J. L. & Ruiz, P. F. (2011). Gender diversity on boards of directors and business success. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 8(1), 199-209.
  • Armstrong, C., Flood, P. C., Guthrie, J. P., Liu, W., MacCurtain, S., & Mkamwa, T. (2010). The impact of diversity and equality management on firm performance: Beyond high performance work systems. Human Resource Management, 49(6), 977-998.
  • Augustine, D., Wheat, C. O., Jones, K. S., Baraldi, M., & Malgwi, C. A. (2016). Gender diversity within the workforce in the microfinance industry in Africa: Economic performance and sustainability. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 33(3), 227-241.
  • Dobbin, F., & Jung, J. (2011). Board diversity and corporate performance: Filling in the gaps: Corporate board gender diversity and stock performance: The competence gap or institutional investor bias. North Carolina Law Review, 89(3), 809-839.
  • Doğan, M. (2018). Kadın yönetim kurulu üye sayısının finansal performans üzerinde etkisi: Literatür taraması. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 1(2), 132-141.
  • Francoeur, C., Labelle, R., & Sinclair-Desgagné, B. (2008). Gender diversity in corporate governance and top management. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(1), 83-95.
  • Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (2019). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. In Corporate Governance, 77-132.
  • Karayel, M., & Dogan, M. (2014). Relationship between board gender diversity and financial performance: a study on BIST 100 companies. Suleyman Demirel University the Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 19(2), 75-88.
  • Kurtaran, A., & Damla, E. K. E. R. (2017). Bankaların yönetim kurullarındaki cinsiyet çeşitliliği ve finansal performans ilişkisi. Global Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 6(12), 64-72.
  • Maji, S. G., & Saha, R. (2021). Gender diversity and financial performance in an emerging economy: empirical evidencefrom India. Management Research Review, 44,12, 1660-1683.
  • Marinova, J., Plantenga, J., & Remery, C. (2016). Gender diversity and firm performance: Evidence from Dutch and Danish boardrooms. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(15), 1777-1790.
  • Meliá-Martí, E., Tormo-Carbó, G., & Juliá-Igual, J. F. (2020). Does gender diversity affect performance in agri-food cooperatives? A moderated model. Sustainability, 12(16), 6575.
  • Nilsen, T., & Bruun, P. (2020). Is gender equality valued by investors?: An event study of companies included in the Bloomberg gender equality index, Is gender equality valued by investors?: An event study of companies included in the Bloomberg gender equality index (Master's thesis).
  • Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (1978). A resource dependence perspective. In Intercorporate relations. The structural analysis of business, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Pretty, J., Adams, B., Berkes, F., De Athayde, S. F., Dudley, N., Hunn, E., & Pilgrim, S. (2009). The intersections of biological diversity and cultural diversity: towards integration. Conservation and Society, 7(2), 89-97.
  • Taşkın, D., & Mandacı, P. E. (2017). Şirket yönetim kurulu’ndaki kadın üyelerin firma performansına etkisi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 29-45.
  • Tatoğlu, F. Y. (2012). İleri panel veri analizi: Stata uygulamalı. Beta
  • Urtaran, A., & Damla, E. K. E. R. (2017). Bankaların Yönetim kurullarındaki cinsiyet çeşitliliği ve finansal performans ilişkisi. Global Journal of Economics And Business Studies, 6(12), 64-72.
  • Wooldridge, M. (2009). An introduction to multiagent systems. John wiley & sons.
  • Yağlı, İ. (2019). Yönetim kurulu çeşitliliği-finansal performans ilişkisi: Türk bankacılık sektörü örneği. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(3), 565-586.
  • Gender-Equality Index, 2022. https://www.bloomberg.com/gei/

EFFECT OF MANAGERIAL AND OPERATIONAL GENDER DIVERSITY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: AN INVESTIGATION ON BORSA ISTANBUL COMMERCIAL BANKS

Year 2023, , 127 - 132, 01.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2023.1676

Abstract

Purpose- This study aims to investigate the effect of gender equality/diversity practices on financial performance at the management and operational level.
Methodology- The financial indicators of the four commercial banks included in the Bloomberg Gender Equality Index (GEI) for the years 2016-2021 have been compared with Borsa Istanbul commercial banks not included in the index through descriptive statistics. The effect of being included in the index on firm performance has been analyzed with the panel regression method. Return on assets and return on equity has been used as financial performance criteria.
Findings- The average market value/book value, return on assets and return on equity of the companies included in the gender equality index are higher than the companies not included in the index; It has been determined that the loans/deposit ratio and average asset size are lower than the companies that are not included in the index. The results of the panel regression analysis have shown that being included in the gender equality index positively affects the return on assets and return on equity.
Conclusion- Determining the positive effect of gender diversity on financial performance at the management and operational level will be a guide for practitioners, investors and regulators.

References

  • Adams, R. B., & Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance. Journal of Financial Economics, 94(2), 291-309.
  • Ahmed, H. L., & Bukth, T. (2019). Effect of employee diversity on firm performance in Bangladesh. Frontiers in Management Research, 3(1), 26-39.
  • Ain, Q. U., Yuan, X., & Javaid, H. M. (2021). The impact of board gender diversity and foreign institutional investors on firm innovation: evidence from China. European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(3), 1460-1060.
  • Ali, M., & Konrad, A. M. (2017). Antecedents and consequences of diversity and equality management systems: The importance of gender diversity in the TMT and lower to middle management. European Management Journal, 35(4), 440-453.
  • Alvarado, R. N., Briones, J. L. & Ruiz, P. F. (2011). Gender diversity on boards of directors and business success. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 8(1), 199-209.
  • Armstrong, C., Flood, P. C., Guthrie, J. P., Liu, W., MacCurtain, S., & Mkamwa, T. (2010). The impact of diversity and equality management on firm performance: Beyond high performance work systems. Human Resource Management, 49(6), 977-998.
  • Augustine, D., Wheat, C. O., Jones, K. S., Baraldi, M., & Malgwi, C. A. (2016). Gender diversity within the workforce in the microfinance industry in Africa: Economic performance and sustainability. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 33(3), 227-241.
  • Dobbin, F., & Jung, J. (2011). Board diversity and corporate performance: Filling in the gaps: Corporate board gender diversity and stock performance: The competence gap or institutional investor bias. North Carolina Law Review, 89(3), 809-839.
  • Doğan, M. (2018). Kadın yönetim kurulu üye sayısının finansal performans üzerinde etkisi: Literatür taraması. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 1(2), 132-141.
  • Francoeur, C., Labelle, R., & Sinclair-Desgagné, B. (2008). Gender diversity in corporate governance and top management. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(1), 83-95.
  • Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (2019). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. In Corporate Governance, 77-132.
  • Karayel, M., & Dogan, M. (2014). Relationship between board gender diversity and financial performance: a study on BIST 100 companies. Suleyman Demirel University the Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 19(2), 75-88.
  • Kurtaran, A., & Damla, E. K. E. R. (2017). Bankaların yönetim kurullarındaki cinsiyet çeşitliliği ve finansal performans ilişkisi. Global Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 6(12), 64-72.
  • Maji, S. G., & Saha, R. (2021). Gender diversity and financial performance in an emerging economy: empirical evidencefrom India. Management Research Review, 44,12, 1660-1683.
  • Marinova, J., Plantenga, J., & Remery, C. (2016). Gender diversity and firm performance: Evidence from Dutch and Danish boardrooms. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(15), 1777-1790.
  • Meliá-Martí, E., Tormo-Carbó, G., & Juliá-Igual, J. F. (2020). Does gender diversity affect performance in agri-food cooperatives? A moderated model. Sustainability, 12(16), 6575.
  • Nilsen, T., & Bruun, P. (2020). Is gender equality valued by investors?: An event study of companies included in the Bloomberg gender equality index, Is gender equality valued by investors?: An event study of companies included in the Bloomberg gender equality index (Master's thesis).
  • Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (1978). A resource dependence perspective. In Intercorporate relations. The structural analysis of business, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Pretty, J., Adams, B., Berkes, F., De Athayde, S. F., Dudley, N., Hunn, E., & Pilgrim, S. (2009). The intersections of biological diversity and cultural diversity: towards integration. Conservation and Society, 7(2), 89-97.
  • Taşkın, D., & Mandacı, P. E. (2017). Şirket yönetim kurulu’ndaki kadın üyelerin firma performansına etkisi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 29-45.
  • Tatoğlu, F. Y. (2012). İleri panel veri analizi: Stata uygulamalı. Beta
  • Urtaran, A., & Damla, E. K. E. R. (2017). Bankaların Yönetim kurullarındaki cinsiyet çeşitliliği ve finansal performans ilişkisi. Global Journal of Economics And Business Studies, 6(12), 64-72.
  • Wooldridge, M. (2009). An introduction to multiagent systems. John wiley & sons.
  • Yağlı, İ. (2019). Yönetim kurulu çeşitliliği-finansal performans ilişkisi: Türk bankacılık sektörü örneği. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(3), 565-586.
  • Gender-Equality Index, 2022. https://www.bloomberg.com/gei/
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Finance, Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Asli Yıkılmaz This is me 0000-0002-2334-7731

Publication Date February 1, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Yıkılmaz, A. (2023). YÖNETİMSEL VE OPERASYONEL CİNSİYET ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNİN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ: BİST TİCARİ BANKALAR ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA. PressAcademia Procedia, 16(1), 127-132. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2023.1676
AMA Yıkılmaz A. YÖNETİMSEL VE OPERASYONEL CİNSİYET ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNİN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ: BİST TİCARİ BANKALAR ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA. PAP. February 2023;16(1):127-132. doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2023.1676
Chicago Yıkılmaz, Asli. “YÖNETİMSEL VE OPERASYONEL CİNSİYET ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNİN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ: BİST TİCARİ BANKALAR ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA”. PressAcademia Procedia 16, no. 1 (February 2023): 127-32. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2023.1676.
EndNote Yıkılmaz A (February 1, 2023) YÖNETİMSEL VE OPERASYONEL CİNSİYET ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNİN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ: BİST TİCARİ BANKALAR ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA. PressAcademia Procedia 16 1 127–132.
IEEE A. Yıkılmaz, “YÖNETİMSEL VE OPERASYONEL CİNSİYET ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNİN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ: BİST TİCARİ BANKALAR ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA”, PAP, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 127–132, 2023, doi: 10.17261/Pressacademia.2023.1676.
ISNAD Yıkılmaz, Asli. “YÖNETİMSEL VE OPERASYONEL CİNSİYET ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNİN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ: BİST TİCARİ BANKALAR ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA”. PressAcademia Procedia 16/1 (February 2023), 127-132. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2023.1676.
JAMA Yıkılmaz A. YÖNETİMSEL VE OPERASYONEL CİNSİYET ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNİN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ: BİST TİCARİ BANKALAR ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA. PAP. 2023;16:127–132.
MLA Yıkılmaz, Asli. “YÖNETİMSEL VE OPERASYONEL CİNSİYET ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNİN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ: BİST TİCARİ BANKALAR ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA”. PressAcademia Procedia, vol. 16, no. 1, 2023, pp. 127-32, doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2023.1676.
Vancouver Yıkılmaz A. YÖNETİMSEL VE OPERASYONEL CİNSİYET ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNİN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ: BİST TİCARİ BANKALAR ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA. PAP. 2023;16(1):127-32.

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