Research Article
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Evaluation of multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections in a state hospital tertiary care pediatric intensive care unit

Year 2020, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 547 - 554, 18.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.689725

Abstract

References

  • 1. Durdu B, Kritsotakis EI, Lee ACK et al. Temporal trends and patterns in antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria implicated in intensive care unit-acquired infections: a cohort-based surveillance study in Istanbul, Turkey. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018;14:190-196. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.04.015. 2. Aykac K, Ozsurekci Y, Tanır Basaranoglu S et al. Current epidemiology of resistance among gram-negative bacilli in paediatric patients in Turkey. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017;11:140-144. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.07.018. 3. Hsu AJ, Tamma PD. Treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections in children. Clin Infect Dis 2014;58(10):1439-1448. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu069. 4. Woodford N, Turton JF, Livermore DM. Multiresistant gram-negative bacteria: the role of high-risk clones in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2011;35(5):736-755. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00268.x. 5. Thiébaut AC, Arlet G, Andremont A et al; ColoRea Study Group. Variability of intestinal colonization with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and antibiotic use in intensive care units. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012;67(6):1525-1536. doi: 10.1093/jac/dks072. 6. Celiloğlu C, Tolunay O, Çelik T, Sucu A, Yurtçu E, Celik U. Assessment of healthcare-associated infections in the pediatric intensive care unit. J Pediatr Inf 2017;11(3):129-134. doi: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2014.385. 7. Jordan Garcia I, Esteban Torné E, Bustinza Arriortua A, et al; VINCIP Study Group, from Spanish Society of Pediatric Intensive Care (SECIP). Trends in nosocomial infections and multidrug-resistant microorganisms in Spanish pediatric intensive care units. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2016;34(5):286-292. doi: 10.1016/j.eimc.2015.07.010. 8. World Health Organization. 2017. Antimicrobial Resistance—Global Report on Surveillance. Available at www.who.int/drugresistance/documents/surveillancereport/en. 9. Araujo da Silva A.R, Henriques C.T, Werneck L.S. Health care associated infections by multidrug resistant organisms in pediatric intensive care: analysis of four years. Int. J. Infect. Control 2014;10(3):1-7. doi: 10.3396/IJIC.v10i3.019.14 10. Karam G, Chastre J, Wilcox MH, Vincent J-L. Antibiotic strategies in the era of multidrug resistance. Crit Care 2016;20:136. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1320-7. 11. Sehulster L, Chinn RY; CDC; HICPAC. Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities. Recommendations of CDC and the healthcare infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003:6;52(RR-10):1-42. 12. Win, W., S. Allen, and W. Janda. 2006 Guidelines for the collection, transport, processing, analysis, and reporting of cultures from specimen sources. In Practical Handbook of Microbiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 67–111. 13. Russell CJ, Mack WJ, Schrager SM, Wu S. Care variations and outcomes for children hospitalized with bacterial tracheostomy associated respiratory infections. Hosp Pediatr 2017;7:16–23. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2016-0104. 14. Horan TC, Andrus M, Dudeck MA. CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control 2008;36:309-332. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.03.002 15. Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(3):268-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x. 16. Atay G, Kara M, Sütçü M, et al. Resistant gram-negative infections in a pediatric intensive care unit: a retrospective study in a tertiary care center. Turk Pediatri Ars 2019;54(2):105-112. doi: 10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2019.00086. 17. El-Nawawy A, Ashraf GA, Antonios MAM, Meheissen MA, El-Alfy MMR. Incidence of multidrug-resistant organism among children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit in a developing country. Microbial Drug Resistance 2018;24(8):1198-1206. doi: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0414. 18. Naldan M.E, Coşkun M.V, Ünal O, Karaşahin Ö, Vural M.K. Yoğun bakım kliniklerinde yatan hastalardan izole edilen gram negatif basillerin değerlendirilmesi. Turk J Intensive Care 2017;15:117-123. doi: 10.4274/tybd.15238. 19. Maechler F, Peña Diaz LA, Schröder C, Geffers C, Behnke M, Gastmeier P. Prevalence of carbapenem-resistant organisms and other Gram-negative MDRO in German ICUs: first results from the national nosocomial infection surveillance system (KISS). Infection 2015;43(2):163-168. doi: 10.1007/s15010-014-0701-6. 20. Russell CJ, Thurm C, Hall M, Simon TD, Neely MN, Berry JG. Risk factors for hospitalizations due to bacterial respiratory tract infections after tracheotomy. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018;53(3):349-357. doi: 10.1002/ppul.23938. 21. Russell CJ, Mack WJ, Schrager SM, Wu S. Care variations and outcomes for children hospitalized with bacterial tracheostomy-associated respiratory infections. Hosp Pediatr 2017;7(1):16-23. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2016-0104. 22. Routsi C, Pratikaki M, Platsouka E et al. Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteremia in intensive care unit patients. Intensive Care Med 2013;39(7):1253-1261. doi: 10.1007/s00134-013-2914-z.

Bir devlet hastanesi üçüncü basamak çocuk yoğun bakım ünitesinde çoklu ilaç dirençli gram negatif enfeksiyonların değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 547 - 554, 18.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.689725

Abstract

Amaç: Devlet hastanesi üçüncü basamak çocuk yoğun bakım
ünitemizde saptanan çoklu ilaç dirençli (ÇİD) gram negatif bakteriyel
enfeksiyonların ve ilaç dirençlerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.



Gereç ve yöntem: Denizli Devlet Hastanesi
Çocuk Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Ocak 2017-
Eylül 2019 tarihleri arasında yatırılarak tedavi edilen ve alınan kültürlerinde
ÇİD gram negatif bakteriyel üreme saptanan hastaların tıbbi kayıtları geriye
dönük olarak değerlendirildi.



Bulgular: Toplamda 40 hastanın (ortanca
yaş: 30 ay; 17 kız), 48 çocuk yoğun bakım yatışında, klinik olarak anlamlı
kabul edilen 52 ÇİD gram negatif bakteriyel üreme değerlendirildi. Hastaların
en sık yatış nedeni solunum yetmezliği (%39,5), en sık komorbidite
nörolojik/nöromüsküler hastalıktı (%57,5) ve 16 hasta trakeostomiliydi (%40).
Çalışma süresince 4 hasta kaybedildi. En sık tespit edilen ÇİD bakteriler P.aeruginosa (16 vaka), E.coli (13 vaka), K.pneumoniae (13 vaka) ve A.baumannii
(10 vaka) idi. En sık saptanan enfeksiyon tipleri, ventilatör ilişkili pnömoni
ve idrar yolu enfeksiyonuydu. Toplamda 34 vaka (%65,3) sağlık hizmeti ilişkili
enfeksiyon olarak değerlendirildi. Karbapenem direnci P.aeruginosa’da %69, K.pneumoniae’da
%69, A.baumannii’de %100 bulunurken, E.coli’de karbapenem direnci saptanmadı.
On yedi vakada kolistin kombinasyonları, 19 vakada karbapenem ve
kombinasyonları kullanıldı. Trakeostomiye bağlı solunum yolu enfeksiyonu tespit
edilen 9 vakanın yedisi P.aeruginosa
kaynaklıydı. Karbapenem direnci bulunan 25 ÇİD üremenin 10'u trakeostomili
hastalarda saptanmıştı. Trakeostomi varlığı ile karbapenem direnci arasında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı (p>0,05). Vakaların hepsinde son 3 ayda antibiyotik kullanımı
vardı. Öncesinde kullanılan antibiyotik tipi ile karbapenem direnci arasında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı (p>0,05).



Sonuç: Yoğun bakımlarda ÇİD gram
negatif bakteri enfeksiyonları giderek artmaktadır. Bu mikroorganizmalarla
oluşan enfeksiyonlar açısından etkin kontrol ve önleme politikalarına ihtiyaç
vardır. 

References

  • 1. Durdu B, Kritsotakis EI, Lee ACK et al. Temporal trends and patterns in antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria implicated in intensive care unit-acquired infections: a cohort-based surveillance study in Istanbul, Turkey. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018;14:190-196. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.04.015. 2. Aykac K, Ozsurekci Y, Tanır Basaranoglu S et al. Current epidemiology of resistance among gram-negative bacilli in paediatric patients in Turkey. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017;11:140-144. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.07.018. 3. Hsu AJ, Tamma PD. Treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections in children. Clin Infect Dis 2014;58(10):1439-1448. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu069. 4. Woodford N, Turton JF, Livermore DM. Multiresistant gram-negative bacteria: the role of high-risk clones in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2011;35(5):736-755. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00268.x. 5. Thiébaut AC, Arlet G, Andremont A et al; ColoRea Study Group. Variability of intestinal colonization with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and antibiotic use in intensive care units. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012;67(6):1525-1536. doi: 10.1093/jac/dks072. 6. Celiloğlu C, Tolunay O, Çelik T, Sucu A, Yurtçu E, Celik U. Assessment of healthcare-associated infections in the pediatric intensive care unit. J Pediatr Inf 2017;11(3):129-134. doi: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2014.385. 7. Jordan Garcia I, Esteban Torné E, Bustinza Arriortua A, et al; VINCIP Study Group, from Spanish Society of Pediatric Intensive Care (SECIP). Trends in nosocomial infections and multidrug-resistant microorganisms in Spanish pediatric intensive care units. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2016;34(5):286-292. doi: 10.1016/j.eimc.2015.07.010. 8. World Health Organization. 2017. Antimicrobial Resistance—Global Report on Surveillance. Available at www.who.int/drugresistance/documents/surveillancereport/en. 9. Araujo da Silva A.R, Henriques C.T, Werneck L.S. Health care associated infections by multidrug resistant organisms in pediatric intensive care: analysis of four years. Int. J. Infect. Control 2014;10(3):1-7. doi: 10.3396/IJIC.v10i3.019.14 10. Karam G, Chastre J, Wilcox MH, Vincent J-L. Antibiotic strategies in the era of multidrug resistance. Crit Care 2016;20:136. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1320-7. 11. Sehulster L, Chinn RY; CDC; HICPAC. Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities. Recommendations of CDC and the healthcare infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003:6;52(RR-10):1-42. 12. Win, W., S. Allen, and W. Janda. 2006 Guidelines for the collection, transport, processing, analysis, and reporting of cultures from specimen sources. In Practical Handbook of Microbiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 67–111. 13. Russell CJ, Mack WJ, Schrager SM, Wu S. Care variations and outcomes for children hospitalized with bacterial tracheostomy associated respiratory infections. Hosp Pediatr 2017;7:16–23. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2016-0104. 14. Horan TC, Andrus M, Dudeck MA. CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control 2008;36:309-332. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.03.002 15. Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(3):268-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x. 16. Atay G, Kara M, Sütçü M, et al. Resistant gram-negative infections in a pediatric intensive care unit: a retrospective study in a tertiary care center. Turk Pediatri Ars 2019;54(2):105-112. doi: 10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2019.00086. 17. El-Nawawy A, Ashraf GA, Antonios MAM, Meheissen MA, El-Alfy MMR. Incidence of multidrug-resistant organism among children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit in a developing country. Microbial Drug Resistance 2018;24(8):1198-1206. doi: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0414. 18. Naldan M.E, Coşkun M.V, Ünal O, Karaşahin Ö, Vural M.K. Yoğun bakım kliniklerinde yatan hastalardan izole edilen gram negatif basillerin değerlendirilmesi. Turk J Intensive Care 2017;15:117-123. doi: 10.4274/tybd.15238. 19. Maechler F, Peña Diaz LA, Schröder C, Geffers C, Behnke M, Gastmeier P. Prevalence of carbapenem-resistant organisms and other Gram-negative MDRO in German ICUs: first results from the national nosocomial infection surveillance system (KISS). Infection 2015;43(2):163-168. doi: 10.1007/s15010-014-0701-6. 20. Russell CJ, Thurm C, Hall M, Simon TD, Neely MN, Berry JG. Risk factors for hospitalizations due to bacterial respiratory tract infections after tracheotomy. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018;53(3):349-357. doi: 10.1002/ppul.23938. 21. Russell CJ, Mack WJ, Schrager SM, Wu S. Care variations and outcomes for children hospitalized with bacterial tracheostomy-associated respiratory infections. Hosp Pediatr 2017;7(1):16-23. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2016-0104. 22. Routsi C, Pratikaki M, Platsouka E et al. Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteremia in intensive care unit patients. Intensive Care Med 2013;39(7):1253-1261. doi: 10.1007/s00134-013-2914-z.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Paediatrics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fulya Kamit 0000-0003-1078-9781

Dicle Şener 0000-0002-1170-2185

Publication Date September 18, 2020
Submission Date February 15, 2020
Acceptance Date May 11, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 13 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Kamit F, Şener D. Bir devlet hastanesi üçüncü basamak çocuk yoğun bakım ünitesinde çoklu ilaç dirençli gram negatif enfeksiyonların değerlendirilmesi. Pam Med J. September 2020;13(3):547-554. doi:10.31362/patd.689725

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