Combined and alone apoptotic effects of Ankaferd hemostat and silver nanoparticles on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell line K562

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 330 - 338

Başak Ünver Koluman , Mücahit Seçme , Yavuz Dodurga

https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1583891

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ankaferd hemostat (ABS; Ankaferd Blood Stopper®) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), alone or in combination, on human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells.
Materials and methods: The cytotoxicity of ABS and AgNPs on K562 CML cells was assessed using the XTT assay, measuring cell viability over time and across different doses. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined at 72 hours. Apoptosis-related gene expression was analyzed by Real-Time PCR, and oxidative stress was assessed by total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI).
Results: AgNPs reduced cell viability at higher doses, with the IC50 for 40 nm AgNPs being 107.8854 ppm at 72 hours. ABS reduced cell viability by 75% even at maximum dose. Significant changes (p<0.05) were observed in bcl-2, caspase-8 and CDK4 in the AgNPs group. In the ABS group, bcl-2, and CDK4 expressions were significantly elevated. The combined treatment increased caspase-8 and caspase-9 expressions, promoting apoptosis. No significant differences were found in TAS-TOS, but all groups showed higher oxidant activity compared to the control, with the combination group exhibiting the highest antioxidant effect.
Conclusion: ABS, a herbal treatment with minimal side effects, and AgNPs, a promising therapeutic agent, both showed potential in inhibiting tumor cells. Their combination enhanced apoptotic effects, warranting further investigation.

Keywords

Chronic myeloid leukemia, Ankaferd hemostat, silver nanoparticles, apoptosis, oxidative stress

Ankaferd kanama durdurucu ve gümüş nanopartiküllerin kronik miyeloid lösemi (KML) hücre hattı K562 üzerindeki kombine ve tek başına apoptotik etkileri

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Ankaferd hemostat (ABS; Ankaferd Blood Stopper®) ve gümüş nanopartiküllerinin (AgNP'ler), tek başına veya kombinasyon halinde, insan kronik miyeloid lösemi (KML) hücreleri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır.
Gereç ve yöntem: ABS ve AgNP'lerin K562 KML hücreleri üzerindeki sitotoksik etkisi, XTT testi ile değerlendirilmiş ve farklı dozlar ve zaman dilimlerinde hücre canlılığı ölçülmüştür. Yarı maksimal inhibitör konsantrasyonu (IC50) değeri 72 saat sonunda belirlenmiştir. Apoptoz ile ilişkili gen ekspresyonları Real-Time PCR ile analiz edilmiş, oksidatif stres ise total antioksidan durumu (TAS), total oksidan durumu (TOS) ve oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: AgNP'ler, doz arttıkça hücre canlılığını düşürmüş ve 40 nm AgNP'ler için IC50 değeri 72 saat sonunda 107.8854 ppm olarak bulunmuştur. ABS, maksimum dozda bile hücre canlılığını %75 oranında düşürmüştür. AgNP grubunda bcl-2, kaspaz-8 ve CDK4 ekspresyonlarında anlamlı değişiklikler (p<0,05) gözlemlenmiştir. ABS grubunda ise bcl-2 ve CDK4 ekspresyonları anlamlı şekilde artmıştır. Kombine tedavi, kaspaz-8 ve kaspaz-9 ekspresyonlarını artırarak apoptozu teşvik etmiştir. TAS-TOS arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamış, ancak tüm gruplarda kontrol grubuna kıyasla daha yüksek oksidan aktivite gözlemlenmiş, kombinasyon grubunda ise en yüksek antioksidan etki saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Yan etkileri minimal olan bir bitkisel tedavi olan ABS ve umut verici bir tedavi ajanı olan AgNP'ler, tümör hücrelerini inhibe etme potansiyeli göstermiştir. Kombinasyonları apoptoz üzerindeki etkilerini artırmış ve daha fazla araştırma yapılmasını gerektirmiştir.

Keywords

Kronik miyeloid lösemi, Ankaferd hemostat, gümüş nanopartiküller, apoptoz, oksidatif stress

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