Bilişsel Davranışçı Yaklaşıma Dayalı Olarak Geliştirilen Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlükle Başetme Psikoeğitim Programının Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Düzeyleri Üzerindeki Etkililiğinin Sınanması
Year 2021,
Issue: 52, 445 - 463, 27.04.2021
Sinem Acar
,
Uğur Doğan
,
Arca Adıgüzel
,
Atilgan Erözkan
Abstract
Çalışmanın amacı bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşımı temel alan grup psikoeğitiminin üniversite öğrencilerindeki belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğe etkisinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmada Deneysel desenlerden “Öntest-Sontest-İzme Testi Kontrol Gruplu” desen benimsenmiştir. Çalışma grubu 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesine yaşları 20 ile 23 arasında değişen, 14’ü kadın 4’ü erkek, 9’u deney grubunda 9’u kontrol grubunda 18 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Ölçümler için Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Deney grubunun puanları ile kontrol grubunun puanları arasında fark olmadığı görüldükten sonra grup psikoeğitimi çalışmasına geçilmiştir. 6 oturumdan oluşan uygulamanın hemen bitiminde son test ölçümü ve uygulamadan 3 ay sonra izleme ölçümü yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşımı temel alan grup psikoeğitiminin üniversite öğrencilerindeki belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğü azaltmada etkili olduğu görülmüştür.
Supporting Institution
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi
References
- Arslan, Y. (2013). The effect of uncertainty management program on intolarence of uncertainty level: An experimental research for woman pre-service teachers (Unpublished Master Thesis). University of Kocaeli, Turkey.
- Beck, J. S. (2001). Cognitive therapy, basic principles and beyond. (Trans. Edt: N.H. Şahin) Ankara: Psychologists Association Publications.
- Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2002). The intolerance of uncertainty scale: Psychometric properties of the English version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(8), 931-945.
- Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. E., Forman, E. M., & Beck, A. T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses, Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 17-31.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Deneysel desenler: Öntest sontest kontrol gruplu desen ve veri analizi (Experimental patterns: Pre-test and post-test control group design and data analysis) (2. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Yayınları.
- Carleton, R. N., Collimore, K. C., & Asmundson, G. J. (2010). “It's not just the judgements—It's that I don’t know”: Intolerance of uncertainty as a predictor of social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(2), 189-195.
- Carleton, R. N., Fetzner, M. G., Hackl, J. L., & McEvoy, P. (2013). Intolerance of uncertainty as a contributor to fear and avoidance symptoms of panic attacks. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 42(4), 328-341.
- Carleton, R. N., Sharpe, D., & Asmundson, G. J. (2007). Anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty: Requisites of the fundamental fears?. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(10), 2307-2316.
- Çardak, M. (2012). Investigation of the effects of the psycho-education curriculum to enhance the tendency of forgiveness on intolerance to uncertainty, psychological well-being, persistent anxiety and anger (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). University of Sakarya Turkey.
- Dugas, M. J., & Ladouceur, R. (2000). Treatment of GAD: Targeting intolerance of uncertainity in two types of worry. Behavior Modification, 24(5), 635-657.
- Erguvan, F. M. (2015). An examination of intolerance of uncertainty levels and psychological well-being levels of university students (Unpublished Master Thesis). University of Sakarya Turkey.
- Gentes, E. L., & Ruscio, A. M. (2011). A meta-analysis of the relation of intolerance of uncertainty to symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Clinical psychology review, 31(6), 923-933.
- Howell, A. N., Carleton, R. N., Horswill, S. C., Parkerson, H. A., Weeks, J. W., & Asmundson, G. J. (2018). Intolerance of uncertainty moderates the relations among religiosity and motives for religion, depression, and social evaluation fears. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018, 1-21.
- Koç, M., İskender, M., Çolak, T. S., & Düşünceli, B. (2016). Investigation of the effect of intolerance of uncertainty and the effect of anger control on the relationship between forgiveness and psychological well-being through structural equation modelling. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 6(3), 201-209.
- Krohne, H. W. (1989). The concept of coping modes: relating cognitive person variables to actual coping behavior. Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 11, 235-248.
- Ladouceur, R., Gosselin, P., & Dugas, M. J. (2000). Experimental manipulation of intolerance of uncertainty: A study of a theoretical model of worry. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(9), 933-941.
- Mahoney, A. E., & McEvoy, P. M. (2012). Changes in intolerance of uncertainty during cognitive behavior group therapy for social phobia. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(2), 849-854.
- Öztürk, Ö. (2013). Mediator role of cognitive flexibility and intolerance of uncertainty in relationship which between suicide probobility and family functionality (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). University of Ankara, Turkey.
- Robichaud, M. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: Application to a clinical case of generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 20(3), 251-263.
- Robson, C. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (Scientific research methods) (Trans. Ş. Çınkır & N. Demirkasımoğlu). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
- Sarı, S. (2007). The investigation of intolerance of uncertainty, beliefs about worrry and locus of control as predictors of trait anxiety (Unpublished Master Thesis). University of Ankara, Turkey.
- Sarıçam, H. (2014). Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün mutluluğa etkisi (The Effect of Intolerance of Uncertainty on Happiness). Journal of Social Scinece, 4(8), 1-12.
- Talkovsky, A. M., & Norton, P. J. (2016). Intolerance of uncertainty and transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41, 108-114.
- Türkçapar, H. (2009). Bilişsel terapi: Temel ilkeler ve uygulama (Cognitive therapy: basic principles and practice. HYB Yayıncılık (Medico Graphics Ofset).
- Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel arastırma yöntemleri (Qualitative research methods in the social sciences). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
- Yüksel, B. (2014). Attachment, positive and negative emotion regulation, and intolerance of uncertainty in anxiety: searching for an integrative model (Unpublished Master Thesis). University of Hacettepe, Turkey.
Testing the Effectiveness of Psychoeducational Program for Coping with Intolerance of Uncertainty Based on the Cognitive Behavioral Approach on Undergraduates’ Intolerance of Uncertainty Levels
Year 2021,
Issue: 52, 445 - 463, 27.04.2021
Sinem Acar
,
Uğur Doğan
,
Arca Adıgüzel
,
Atilgan Erözkan
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the group psychoeducation effect based on the cognitive-behavioral approach on undergraduates’ intolerance of uncertainty. The study utilized the “pretest-posttest-follow-up test control group” design of experimental designs (9 in the control group and 9 in the experimental group with 18 students in total). Before starting the study, the pretests were performed in preliminary interviews. The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale was used for the pretests. Once it was observed the experimental and control groups were distributed equally in terms of The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, the group psychoeducation was commenced. The post-test was carried out at the end of the 6-session procedure, and the follow-up tests 3 months after the procedure. At the end of the study, the group psychoeducation based on the cognitive-behavioral approach was effective in reducing undergraduates’ intolerance of uncertainty.
References
- Arslan, Y. (2013). The effect of uncertainty management program on intolarence of uncertainty level: An experimental research for woman pre-service teachers (Unpublished Master Thesis). University of Kocaeli, Turkey.
- Beck, J. S. (2001). Cognitive therapy, basic principles and beyond. (Trans. Edt: N.H. Şahin) Ankara: Psychologists Association Publications.
- Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2002). The intolerance of uncertainty scale: Psychometric properties of the English version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(8), 931-945.
- Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. E., Forman, E. M., & Beck, A. T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses, Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 17-31.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Deneysel desenler: Öntest sontest kontrol gruplu desen ve veri analizi (Experimental patterns: Pre-test and post-test control group design and data analysis) (2. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Yayınları.
- Carleton, R. N., Collimore, K. C., & Asmundson, G. J. (2010). “It's not just the judgements—It's that I don’t know”: Intolerance of uncertainty as a predictor of social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(2), 189-195.
- Carleton, R. N., Fetzner, M. G., Hackl, J. L., & McEvoy, P. (2013). Intolerance of uncertainty as a contributor to fear and avoidance symptoms of panic attacks. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 42(4), 328-341.
- Carleton, R. N., Sharpe, D., & Asmundson, G. J. (2007). Anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty: Requisites of the fundamental fears?. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(10), 2307-2316.
- Çardak, M. (2012). Investigation of the effects of the psycho-education curriculum to enhance the tendency of forgiveness on intolerance to uncertainty, psychological well-being, persistent anxiety and anger (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). University of Sakarya Turkey.
- Dugas, M. J., & Ladouceur, R. (2000). Treatment of GAD: Targeting intolerance of uncertainity in two types of worry. Behavior Modification, 24(5), 635-657.
- Erguvan, F. M. (2015). An examination of intolerance of uncertainty levels and psychological well-being levels of university students (Unpublished Master Thesis). University of Sakarya Turkey.
- Gentes, E. L., & Ruscio, A. M. (2011). A meta-analysis of the relation of intolerance of uncertainty to symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Clinical psychology review, 31(6), 923-933.
- Howell, A. N., Carleton, R. N., Horswill, S. C., Parkerson, H. A., Weeks, J. W., & Asmundson, G. J. (2018). Intolerance of uncertainty moderates the relations among religiosity and motives for religion, depression, and social evaluation fears. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018, 1-21.
- Koç, M., İskender, M., Çolak, T. S., & Düşünceli, B. (2016). Investigation of the effect of intolerance of uncertainty and the effect of anger control on the relationship between forgiveness and psychological well-being through structural equation modelling. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 6(3), 201-209.
- Krohne, H. W. (1989). The concept of coping modes: relating cognitive person variables to actual coping behavior. Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 11, 235-248.
- Ladouceur, R., Gosselin, P., & Dugas, M. J. (2000). Experimental manipulation of intolerance of uncertainty: A study of a theoretical model of worry. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(9), 933-941.
- Mahoney, A. E., & McEvoy, P. M. (2012). Changes in intolerance of uncertainty during cognitive behavior group therapy for social phobia. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(2), 849-854.
- Öztürk, Ö. (2013). Mediator role of cognitive flexibility and intolerance of uncertainty in relationship which between suicide probobility and family functionality (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). University of Ankara, Turkey.
- Robichaud, M. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: Application to a clinical case of generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 20(3), 251-263.
- Robson, C. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (Scientific research methods) (Trans. Ş. Çınkır & N. Demirkasımoğlu). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
- Sarı, S. (2007). The investigation of intolerance of uncertainty, beliefs about worrry and locus of control as predictors of trait anxiety (Unpublished Master Thesis). University of Ankara, Turkey.
- Sarıçam, H. (2014). Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün mutluluğa etkisi (The Effect of Intolerance of Uncertainty on Happiness). Journal of Social Scinece, 4(8), 1-12.
- Talkovsky, A. M., & Norton, P. J. (2016). Intolerance of uncertainty and transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41, 108-114.
- Türkçapar, H. (2009). Bilişsel terapi: Temel ilkeler ve uygulama (Cognitive therapy: basic principles and practice. HYB Yayıncılık (Medico Graphics Ofset).
- Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel arastırma yöntemleri (Qualitative research methods in the social sciences). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
- Yüksel, B. (2014). Attachment, positive and negative emotion regulation, and intolerance of uncertainty in anxiety: searching for an integrative model (Unpublished Master Thesis). University of Hacettepe, Turkey.