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Antibiotic Usage in the Pediatric Population: The Need for Effective Role of Parents and Prescribers

Year 2021, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 135 - 140, 09.04.2021

Abstract

Antibiotics are an important aspect of pediatric medical treatment and infectious diseases are the leading cause of child mortality. Antibiotics are the cornerstone
of the treatment for bacterial infections, and children received these drugs more frequently than any other class of medication. Inappropriate use of antibiotics is
of international concern and promotion of appropriate and safe antibiotic usage is the need of the hour. The high percentage of inadequate antibiotic prescriptions
in hospitals and the community is reported in the pediatric population around the globe. The improper and excessive use of antibiotics in children leads to resistance
and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Parents and prescribers influence the prescription of antibiotics in children. It is reported that only proper educational intervention by the right people with the right tools for both parents and prescribers can sufficiently improve the problem of inappropriate antibiotic practices and gradually eliminate the risk of antibiotic resistance. This narrative review paper provides an overview of the use, ADRs, allergy, errors, and off-label usage of antibiotics in children and also discusses the important role of the parents and prescriber in the use of antibiotics therapy

References

  • 1. Medicines for children. Geneva: World health organization (WHO); 2020 (https://www.who.int/medicines/access/motherchildren/med_child/e/).
  • 2. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Under-five mortality; 2019 (https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-survival/under-five-mortality/).
  • 3. Ofori AR, Agyeman AA. Irrational use of medicines-a summary of key concepts. Pharmacy 2016;4(4):35. doi:10.3390/pharmacy4040035.
  • 4. Yewale VN, Dharmapalan D. Promoting appropriate use of drugs in children. Int J Pediatr 2012;2012:906570.doi:10.1155/2012/906570.
  • 5. Center for disease control and prevention (CDC). Antibiotic/ Antimicrobial Resistance (AR/AMR); 2019 (https://www.cdc. gov/drugresistance/index.html).
  • 6. Aslam B, Wang W, Arshad MI, Khurshid M, Muzammil S, Rasool MH, et al. Antibiotic resistance: a rundown of a global crisis. Infect Drug Resist 2018;11:1645-58, doi: 10.2147/IDR. S173867.
  • 7. Lee CR, Cho IH, Jeong BC, Lee SH. Strategies to minimize antibiotic resistance. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2013;10(9):4274-4305, doi:10.3390/ijerph10094274.
  • 8. Tham DWJ, Abubakar U, Tangiisuran B. Prevalence and predictors of antibiotic use among children visiting the emergency department in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Eur J Pediatr 2020;179:743-8, doi: 10.1007/s00431-019-03560-z.
  • 9. Rogawski ET, Platts-Mills JA, Seidman JC, John S, Mahfuz M, Ulak M, et al. Use of antibiotics in children younger than two years in eight countries: a prospective cohort study. Bull World Health Organ 2017:95(1):49-61, doi:10.2471/BLT.16.176123.
  • 10. Ventola CL. The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats. PT 2015;40(4):277-83, (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/25859123/).
  • 11. Thompson G, Barker CI, Folgori L, Bielicki JA, Bradley JS, Lutsar I. Global shortage of neonatal and paediatric antibiotic trials: rapid review. BMJ open 2017;7(10):e016293, doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2017-016293.
  • 12. Milani RV, Wilt JK, Entwisle J, Hand J, Cazabon P,Bohan JG. Reducing inappropriate outpatient antibiotic prescribing: normative comparison using unblinded provider reports. BMJ Open Qual 2019;8(1):e000351, doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000351.
  • 13. Abrams E, Netchiporouk E, Miedzybrodzki B, Ben-Shoshan M. Antibiotic allergy in children: more than just a label. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019;180(2):103-112, doi: 10.1159/000501518.
  • 14. Coleman JJ, Pontefract SK. Adverse drug reactions. Clin Med 2016;16(5):481-5. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.16-5-481.
  • 15. Rieder M. Adverse drug reactions in children: pediatric pharmacy and drug safety. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2019;24(1):4-9, doi:10.5863/1551-6776-24.1.4

Pediyatrik Popülasyonda Antibiyotik Kullanımı: Ebeveynlerin ve Reçete Yazanların Etkili Rolüne Duyulan İhtiyaç

Year 2021, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 135 - 140, 09.04.2021

Abstract

Antibiyotikler pediatrik tıbbi tedavinin önemli bir yönüdür ve enfeksiyon
hastalıkları çocuk ölümlerinin önde gelen nedenidir. Antibiyotikler, bakteriyel
enfeksiyonların tedavisinin temel taşıdır ve çocuklar bu ilaçları diğer ilaç
sınıflarından daha sık almıştır. Antibiyotiklerin uygunsuz kullanımı uluslararası
bir endişe kaynağıdır ve uygun ve güvenli antibiyotik kullanımının teşviki saatin
ihtiyacıdır. Hastanelerdeki ve toplumdaki yetersiz antibiyotik reçetelerinin yüksek
yüzdesi, dünya genelindeki pediatrik popülasyonda bildirilmektedir. Çocuklarda
uygunsuz ve aşırı antibiyotik kullanımı direnç ve advers ilaç reaksiyonlarına
(ADR’ler) yol açar. Ebeveynler ve reçete yazanlar, çocuklarda antibiyotik reçetesini
etkiler. Hem ebeveynler hem de reçete yazanlar için doğru araçlarla, yalnızca
doğru kişiler tarafından uygun eğitim müdahalesinin, uygun olmayan antibiyotik
uygulamaları sorununu yeterince iyileştirebileceği ve antimikrobiyal direnç
riskini kademeli olarak ortadan kaldırabileceği bildirilmektedir. Bu anlatı gözden
geçirme belgesi, çocuklarda antibiyotiklerin kullanımı, ADR’ler, alerji, hatalar ve
endikasyon dışı kullanımına genel bir bakış sağlamakta ve antibiyotik tedavisinin
kullanımında ebeveynlerin ve reçete yazanın önemli rolünü tartışmaktadır.

References

  • 1. Medicines for children. Geneva: World health organization (WHO); 2020 (https://www.who.int/medicines/access/motherchildren/med_child/e/).
  • 2. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Under-five mortality; 2019 (https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-survival/under-five-mortality/).
  • 3. Ofori AR, Agyeman AA. Irrational use of medicines-a summary of key concepts. Pharmacy 2016;4(4):35. doi:10.3390/pharmacy4040035.
  • 4. Yewale VN, Dharmapalan D. Promoting appropriate use of drugs in children. Int J Pediatr 2012;2012:906570.doi:10.1155/2012/906570.
  • 5. Center for disease control and prevention (CDC). Antibiotic/ Antimicrobial Resistance (AR/AMR); 2019 (https://www.cdc. gov/drugresistance/index.html).
  • 6. Aslam B, Wang W, Arshad MI, Khurshid M, Muzammil S, Rasool MH, et al. Antibiotic resistance: a rundown of a global crisis. Infect Drug Resist 2018;11:1645-58, doi: 10.2147/IDR. S173867.
  • 7. Lee CR, Cho IH, Jeong BC, Lee SH. Strategies to minimize antibiotic resistance. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2013;10(9):4274-4305, doi:10.3390/ijerph10094274.
  • 8. Tham DWJ, Abubakar U, Tangiisuran B. Prevalence and predictors of antibiotic use among children visiting the emergency department in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Eur J Pediatr 2020;179:743-8, doi: 10.1007/s00431-019-03560-z.
  • 9. Rogawski ET, Platts-Mills JA, Seidman JC, John S, Mahfuz M, Ulak M, et al. Use of antibiotics in children younger than two years in eight countries: a prospective cohort study. Bull World Health Organ 2017:95(1):49-61, doi:10.2471/BLT.16.176123.
  • 10. Ventola CL. The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats. PT 2015;40(4):277-83, (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/25859123/).
  • 11. Thompson G, Barker CI, Folgori L, Bielicki JA, Bradley JS, Lutsar I. Global shortage of neonatal and paediatric antibiotic trials: rapid review. BMJ open 2017;7(10):e016293, doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2017-016293.
  • 12. Milani RV, Wilt JK, Entwisle J, Hand J, Cazabon P,Bohan JG. Reducing inappropriate outpatient antibiotic prescribing: normative comparison using unblinded provider reports. BMJ Open Qual 2019;8(1):e000351, doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000351.
  • 13. Abrams E, Netchiporouk E, Miedzybrodzki B, Ben-Shoshan M. Antibiotic allergy in children: more than just a label. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019;180(2):103-112, doi: 10.1159/000501518.
  • 14. Coleman JJ, Pontefract SK. Adverse drug reactions. Clin Med 2016;16(5):481-5. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.16-5-481.
  • 15. Rieder M. Adverse drug reactions in children: pediatric pharmacy and drug safety. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2019;24(1):4-9, doi:10.5863/1551-6776-24.1.4
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section Derleme
Authors

Yusuf Karataş 0000-0002-2892-5625

Zakir Khan

Publication Date April 9, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 19 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Karataş, Y., & Khan, Z. (n.d.). Antibiotic Usage in the Pediatric Population: The Need for Effective Role of Parents and Prescribers. Güncel Pediatri, 19(1), 135-140.
AMA Karataş Y, Khan Z. Antibiotic Usage in the Pediatric Population: The Need for Effective Role of Parents and Prescribers. Güncel Pediatri. 19(1):135-140.
Chicago Karataş, Yusuf, and Zakir Khan. “Antibiotic Usage in the Pediatric Population: The Need for Effective Role of Parents and Prescribers”. Güncel Pediatri 19, no. 1 n.d.: 135-40.
EndNote Karataş Y, Khan Z Antibiotic Usage in the Pediatric Population: The Need for Effective Role of Parents and Prescribers. Güncel Pediatri 19 1 135–140.
IEEE Y. Karataş and Z. Khan, “Antibiotic Usage in the Pediatric Population: The Need for Effective Role of Parents and Prescribers”, Güncel Pediatri, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 135–140.
ISNAD Karataş, Yusuf - Khan, Zakir. “Antibiotic Usage in the Pediatric Population: The Need for Effective Role of Parents and Prescribers”. Güncel Pediatri 19/1 (n.d.), 135-140.
JAMA Karataş Y, Khan Z. Antibiotic Usage in the Pediatric Population: The Need for Effective Role of Parents and Prescribers. Güncel Pediatri.;19:135–140.
MLA Karataş, Yusuf and Zakir Khan. “Antibiotic Usage in the Pediatric Population: The Need for Effective Role of Parents and Prescribers”. Güncel Pediatri, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 135-40.
Vancouver Karataş Y, Khan Z. Antibiotic Usage in the Pediatric Population: The Need for Effective Role of Parents and Prescribers. Güncel Pediatri. 19(1):135-40.