Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 111 - 126, 01.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.23.62.10.4

Abstract

References

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  • Boulay, B. (2016). Artificial intelligence as an effective classroom assistant. IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 76–81.
  • Cai, Z., Fan, X., & Du, J. (2017) Gender and attitudes toward technology use: a meta-analysis. Computer Education, 105:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.11.003
  • Cave, S., Coughlan, K., & Dihal, K. (2019). Scary robots’: Examining public responses to AI. In Proceedings of the second AAAI/ACM annual conference on AI, ethics, and society. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.35741. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288453.
  • Chiu, T. K., Moorhouse, B. L., Chai, C. S., & Ismailov, M. (2023). Teacher support and student motivation to learn with Artificial Intelligence (AI) based chatbot. Interactive Learning Environments, 1-17.
  • Daniels, P. (2015) Using Web Speech Technology with LL Applications. JALT CALL Journal, 11(2), 177-187.
  • Fenwick, T. (2018). Pondering purposes, propelling forwards. Studies in Continuing Education, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 367–380, 2018.
  • Heift, T. (2003). Multiple learner errors and meaningful feedback: A challenge for ICALL systems. CALICO Journal, 20 (3), 553–548.
  • Goetz, J., Kiesler,S., & Powers, A. (2003). Matching robot appearance and behaviours to tasks to improve human–robot cooperation. Proc. 12th IEEE Int. Workshop Robot Hum. Interact. Commun, pp. 55–60.
  • Goksel-Canbek, N., & Mutlu, M. E. (2016). On the track of Artificial Intelligence: Learning with Intelligent Personal Assistants. International Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 592-601. doi:10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3549
  • Granulo, A., Fuchs, C., & Puntoni, S. (2019). Psychological reactions to human versus robotic job replacement. Nature Human Behaviour, 3(10), 1062–1069. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0670-y.
  • Hamet, P., & Tremblay, J. (2017) Artificial intelligence in medicine. Metabolism 69:36–40. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.011
  • Joinson, A. N. (2002). Understanding the Psychology of Internet Behaviors: Virtual World, Real Lives. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, (Japanese Ed. A. Miura et al. (2004) Kitaoji shobo).
  • Loeckx, J. (2016). Blurring boundaries in education: context and impact of MOOCs. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 92–121.
  • Kanda, T., Ishiguro, H., Imai, M., & Ono, T. (2003). Body movement analysis of human-robot interaction. Proc. Int. Joint Conference Artif. Intell., pp. 177–182.
  • Khine, M. S. (2015). Attitude measurements in science education: Classic and contemporary approaches. NC: Information Age Publishing.
  • Kite-Powell, J. (2017). The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Language. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferhicks/2017/12/30/the-role-of-artificial-intelligence-and- language/
  • Klimova, B., & Poulova, P. (2015). Mobile learning and its potential for engineering education. Proceedings of 2015 I.E. Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON 2015) (pp. 47–51). Estonia, Tallinn: Tallinn University of Technology.
  • Lazarides, R., & Chevalère, J. (2021). Artificial intelligence and education: Addressing the variability in learners’ emotion and motivation with adaptive teaching assistants. Bildung und Erziehung, 74(3), 264-279.
  • Lee, E.-K. (2020). Analysis of artificial intelligence curriculum of domestic and foreign elementary and secondary school. Journal of Computers in Education, 23(1), 37–44.
  • Luo, B.R., Lin, Y.L., Chen, N.S., & Fang, W.C. (2015). Using smartphone to facilitate English communication and willingness to communicate in a communicative language teaching classroom. Proceedings of the 15th International conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (pp.320–322). IEEE.
  • Lacity, M., & Willcocks, L. P. (2017). Robotic Process Automation and Risk Mitigation Definitive Guide. SB Publishing, Ashford, UK.
  • Makridakis, S. (2017). The Forthcoming Artificial Intelligence (AI) Revolution: Its Impact on Society and Firms. Futures, 90, 46-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2017.03.006
  • Ali, Zuraina. (2020). Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Review of its Uses in Language Teaching and Learning. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 769. 012043. 10.1088/1757-899X/769/1/012043.Matthews, C. (1993) Grammar frameworks in intelligent CALL. CALICO Journal, 11 (1), 5–27.
  • Mehdipour, Y., & Zerehkafi, H. (2013). Mobile learning for education: Benefits and challenges. International Journal of Computational Engineering Research, 3(6), 93–101.
  • Muhammed, A. A. (2014). The impact of mobiles on LL on the part of English foreign language (EFL) university students. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 136, 104–108.
  • Nieto, Y., Garcia-Diaz, V., Montenegro, C., González, C.C., & González, C.R. (2019). Usage of machine learning for strategic decision making at higher educational institutions. IEEE Access. 2019;7:75007-75017.
  • Olhede, S. C., & Wolfe, P. J. (2018). The growing ubiquity of algorithms in society: Implications, impacts and innovations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. A, 376, 20170364. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0364.
  • Pham, S. (2017). China wants to build a $150 billion AI industry. CNNMoney, London. Retrieved from: https://money.cnn.com/2017/07/21/techn ology/china-artificial-intelligence-future/index.html.
  • Rashed, GI., Guo, X., & Guan W. (2019). Exploration and reflection on the teaching mode of academic English for postgraduates in the new situation. Science. 7(1):50-53.
  • Ruecker, T., & Ives, L. (2015). White native English speakers needed: the rhetorical construction of privilege in online teacher recruitment spaces. TESOL Quart. 49(4):733-756.
  • Somasundaram, M., Palani, L., & Pandian, S.A. (2020). Curriculum Design Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) Back Propagation Method. Procedia Computer Science. 172. 134-138. 10.1016/j.procs.2020.05.020.
  • Seldon, A., & Abidoye, O. (2018). Fourth Education Revolution. University of Buckingham Press, London, UK.
  • Shao, C., & Kwon, K. H. (2021). Hello Alexa! Exploring effects of motivational factors and social presence on satisfaction with artificial intelligence‐enabled gadgets. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 3(5), 978-988.
  • Shin, M. H. (2018). How to use artificial intelligence in the English LL classroom. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 9(9), 557-561.
  • Sung, Y.T., Chang, K.E., & Liu, T.C. (2016). The effects of integrating mobile devices with teaching and learning on students' learning performance: A meta-analysis and research synthesis. Computers & Education, 94, 252-275.
  • Touretzky, D., Gardner-McCune, C., Martin, F., & Seehorn, D. (2019). Envisioning AI for K-12: What should every child know about AI? Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 33, 9795–9799. https://doi.org/10.1609/ aaai.v33i01.33019795
  • Tratnik, A., Urh, M., & Jereb, E. (2019). Student satisfaction with an online and a face-to-face business English course in a higher education context. Innov Educ Teach Int.56(1):36-45.
  • Tschichold, C. (1999). Intelligent Grammar Checking for CALL. ReCALL special publication, Language Processing in CALL, 5–11.
  • Wei, F. (2018). Research on the Improvement of English Learning by Artificial Intelligence (AI). Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, 21(2), 392-395
  • Wilson, J.H., Daugherty, P.R., & Morini-Bianzino, N. (2017). The jobs that artificial intelligence will create. MIT Sloan Manag Rev 58:13–16
  • Zhan, Z., He, G., Li, T., He, L., & Xiang, S. (2022). Effect of groups size on students' learning achievement, Motivation, cognitive load, collaborative problem‐solving quality, and in‐class interaction in an introductory ai course. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38(6), 1807-1818.
  • Zhang, B., & Dafoe, A. (2019). Artificial intelligence: American attitudes and trends. Center for the Governance of AI, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. January 2019. Retrieved from: https://governanceai.github.io/US-Public-OpinionReport-Jan-2019/executive-summary.html.

Measurement of Attitude in Language Learning with AI (MALL:AI)

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 111 - 126, 01.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.23.62.10.4

Abstract

In the novel context of human and artificial intelligence (AI) connection, people seem to be getting more affiliated to AI nowadays in everyday life, which is also valid for education and language learning (LL) processes. Language learners’ attitudes towards AI mostly play a crucial role in their acceptance of AI initially as they embrace new technologic advances with a positive attitude. The goal of this study was to develop an instrument to measure the attitudes toward AI in LL process which is MALL:AI (attitude scale in LL with AI) of language learners. The participants were 174 university students from different regions of Türkiye as they are dominant using the new generation technologic tools such as digital educational tools or mobile applications based on AI. The MALL:AI scale was found to be valid and reliable with three factors such as communicative, behavioural, and cognitive skills, as a result of the data analysing. Three sub-factors captured different aspects of the items in line with their valence. Few existing scales for measurement the attitudes toward AI in education are different from the current one as the items were, specifically, grounded according to the LL process. The study suggested that language learners were highly satisfied and preferred to use AI in their LL process.

References

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  • Boulay, B. (2016). Artificial intelligence as an effective classroom assistant. IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 76–81.
  • Cai, Z., Fan, X., & Du, J. (2017) Gender and attitudes toward technology use: a meta-analysis. Computer Education, 105:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.11.003
  • Cave, S., Coughlan, K., & Dihal, K. (2019). Scary robots’: Examining public responses to AI. In Proceedings of the second AAAI/ACM annual conference on AI, ethics, and society. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.35741. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288453.
  • Chiu, T. K., Moorhouse, B. L., Chai, C. S., & Ismailov, M. (2023). Teacher support and student motivation to learn with Artificial Intelligence (AI) based chatbot. Interactive Learning Environments, 1-17.
  • Daniels, P. (2015) Using Web Speech Technology with LL Applications. JALT CALL Journal, 11(2), 177-187.
  • Fenwick, T. (2018). Pondering purposes, propelling forwards. Studies in Continuing Education, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 367–380, 2018.
  • Heift, T. (2003). Multiple learner errors and meaningful feedback: A challenge for ICALL systems. CALICO Journal, 20 (3), 553–548.
  • Goetz, J., Kiesler,S., & Powers, A. (2003). Matching robot appearance and behaviours to tasks to improve human–robot cooperation. Proc. 12th IEEE Int. Workshop Robot Hum. Interact. Commun, pp. 55–60.
  • Goksel-Canbek, N., & Mutlu, M. E. (2016). On the track of Artificial Intelligence: Learning with Intelligent Personal Assistants. International Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 592-601. doi:10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3549
  • Granulo, A., Fuchs, C., & Puntoni, S. (2019). Psychological reactions to human versus robotic job replacement. Nature Human Behaviour, 3(10), 1062–1069. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0670-y.
  • Hamet, P., & Tremblay, J. (2017) Artificial intelligence in medicine. Metabolism 69:36–40. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.011
  • Joinson, A. N. (2002). Understanding the Psychology of Internet Behaviors: Virtual World, Real Lives. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, (Japanese Ed. A. Miura et al. (2004) Kitaoji shobo).
  • Loeckx, J. (2016). Blurring boundaries in education: context and impact of MOOCs. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 92–121.
  • Kanda, T., Ishiguro, H., Imai, M., & Ono, T. (2003). Body movement analysis of human-robot interaction. Proc. Int. Joint Conference Artif. Intell., pp. 177–182.
  • Khine, M. S. (2015). Attitude measurements in science education: Classic and contemporary approaches. NC: Information Age Publishing.
  • Kite-Powell, J. (2017). The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Language. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferhicks/2017/12/30/the-role-of-artificial-intelligence-and- language/
  • Klimova, B., & Poulova, P. (2015). Mobile learning and its potential for engineering education. Proceedings of 2015 I.E. Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON 2015) (pp. 47–51). Estonia, Tallinn: Tallinn University of Technology.
  • Lazarides, R., & Chevalère, J. (2021). Artificial intelligence and education: Addressing the variability in learners’ emotion and motivation with adaptive teaching assistants. Bildung und Erziehung, 74(3), 264-279.
  • Lee, E.-K. (2020). Analysis of artificial intelligence curriculum of domestic and foreign elementary and secondary school. Journal of Computers in Education, 23(1), 37–44.
  • Luo, B.R., Lin, Y.L., Chen, N.S., & Fang, W.C. (2015). Using smartphone to facilitate English communication and willingness to communicate in a communicative language teaching classroom. Proceedings of the 15th International conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (pp.320–322). IEEE.
  • Lacity, M., & Willcocks, L. P. (2017). Robotic Process Automation and Risk Mitigation Definitive Guide. SB Publishing, Ashford, UK.
  • Makridakis, S. (2017). The Forthcoming Artificial Intelligence (AI) Revolution: Its Impact on Society and Firms. Futures, 90, 46-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2017.03.006
  • Ali, Zuraina. (2020). Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Review of its Uses in Language Teaching and Learning. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 769. 012043. 10.1088/1757-899X/769/1/012043.Matthews, C. (1993) Grammar frameworks in intelligent CALL. CALICO Journal, 11 (1), 5–27.
  • Mehdipour, Y., & Zerehkafi, H. (2013). Mobile learning for education: Benefits and challenges. International Journal of Computational Engineering Research, 3(6), 93–101.
  • Muhammed, A. A. (2014). The impact of mobiles on LL on the part of English foreign language (EFL) university students. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 136, 104–108.
  • Nieto, Y., Garcia-Diaz, V., Montenegro, C., González, C.C., & González, C.R. (2019). Usage of machine learning for strategic decision making at higher educational institutions. IEEE Access. 2019;7:75007-75017.
  • Olhede, S. C., & Wolfe, P. J. (2018). The growing ubiquity of algorithms in society: Implications, impacts and innovations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. A, 376, 20170364. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0364.
  • Pham, S. (2017). China wants to build a $150 billion AI industry. CNNMoney, London. Retrieved from: https://money.cnn.com/2017/07/21/techn ology/china-artificial-intelligence-future/index.html.
  • Rashed, GI., Guo, X., & Guan W. (2019). Exploration and reflection on the teaching mode of academic English for postgraduates in the new situation. Science. 7(1):50-53.
  • Ruecker, T., & Ives, L. (2015). White native English speakers needed: the rhetorical construction of privilege in online teacher recruitment spaces. TESOL Quart. 49(4):733-756.
  • Somasundaram, M., Palani, L., & Pandian, S.A. (2020). Curriculum Design Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) Back Propagation Method. Procedia Computer Science. 172. 134-138. 10.1016/j.procs.2020.05.020.
  • Seldon, A., & Abidoye, O. (2018). Fourth Education Revolution. University of Buckingham Press, London, UK.
  • Shao, C., & Kwon, K. H. (2021). Hello Alexa! Exploring effects of motivational factors and social presence on satisfaction with artificial intelligence‐enabled gadgets. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 3(5), 978-988.
  • Shin, M. H. (2018). How to use artificial intelligence in the English LL classroom. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 9(9), 557-561.
  • Sung, Y.T., Chang, K.E., & Liu, T.C. (2016). The effects of integrating mobile devices with teaching and learning on students' learning performance: A meta-analysis and research synthesis. Computers & Education, 94, 252-275.
  • Touretzky, D., Gardner-McCune, C., Martin, F., & Seehorn, D. (2019). Envisioning AI for K-12: What should every child know about AI? Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 33, 9795–9799. https://doi.org/10.1609/ aaai.v33i01.33019795
  • Tratnik, A., Urh, M., & Jereb, E. (2019). Student satisfaction with an online and a face-to-face business English course in a higher education context. Innov Educ Teach Int.56(1):36-45.
  • Tschichold, C. (1999). Intelligent Grammar Checking for CALL. ReCALL special publication, Language Processing in CALL, 5–11.
  • Wei, F. (2018). Research on the Improvement of English Learning by Artificial Intelligence (AI). Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, 21(2), 392-395
  • Wilson, J.H., Daugherty, P.R., & Morini-Bianzino, N. (2017). The jobs that artificial intelligence will create. MIT Sloan Manag Rev 58:13–16
  • Zhan, Z., He, G., Li, T., He, L., & Xiang, S. (2022). Effect of groups size on students' learning achievement, Motivation, cognitive load, collaborative problem‐solving quality, and in‐class interaction in an introductory ai course. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38(6), 1807-1818.
  • Zhang, B., & Dafoe, A. (2019). Artificial intelligence: American attitudes and trends. Center for the Governance of AI, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. January 2019. Retrieved from: https://governanceai.github.io/US-Public-OpinionReport-Jan-2019/executive-summary.html.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Tugba Yıldız 0000-0001-5248-2484

Early Pub Date July 6, 2023
Publication Date July 1, 2023
Acceptance Date May 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Yıldız, T. (2023). Measurement of Attitude in Language Learning with AI (MALL:AI). Participatory Educational Research, 10(4), 111-126. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.23.62.10.4