Research Article
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The Effect of The Flipped Classroom Model on Student Opinions and Reading Comprehension Skills in Teaching Turkish to Foreigners

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 6, 20 - 38, 01.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.77.11.6

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to reveal effect of flipped classroom model, one of the new models in language teaching, on student opinions and reading comprehension skills in teaching Turkish to foreigners. The research, prepared according to the mixed method, was conducted for 12 weeks with 37 students studying at B1 and B2 level at Atatürk University TÖMER (Turkish Teaching Center) in Erzurum, Türkiye, in 2021-2022 Academic Year. In the experimental phase of the research, a quasi-experimental research design with a control group, which is frequently used among experimental designs, was used. During the 12 weeks which the experimental application was carried out, the subjects were taught in experimental group in line with the functioning of flipped classroom model (FLP). In the other group (control group), it was processed in accordance with curriculum specified in current program. In qualitative phase, interviews were conducted with experimental group students to learn their opinions about the model. According to the research results, when post-test success scores of the two groups were evaluated, it was seen that there was a statistically significant difference in favor of group to which the FLP model was applied. According to findings obtained from interviews with the students who experienced the model, it was seen that the students generally expressed positive opinions.

References

  • Baepler, P., Walker, J., & Driessen, M. (2014). It's not about seat time: Blending, flipping and efficiency in active learning classrooms. Computers & Education, 78, 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.06.006
  • Beebe, C. R., Gurenlian, J. R., & Rogo, E. J. (2014). Educational technology for millennial dental hygiene students: A survey of US dental hygiene programs. Journal of Dental Education, 78(6), 838-849. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2014.78.6.tb05737.x
  • Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2012). Flip your classroom: Reach every student in every class every day. Washington: International Society for Technology in Education.
  • Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2014). Flipping for mastery. Educational Leadership, 71(4), 24-29. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296969899_Flipping_for_mastery
  • Biçer, N., Çoban, İ., & Bakır, S. (2014). Problems faced by foreign students learning Turkish: Atatürk University example. International Journal of Social Research, 7(29), 125-135.
  • Brunsell, E., & Horejsi, M. (2013). Flipping your classroomin one “take”. The Science Teacher, 80(3), 8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284943864_Flipping_your_classroom
  • Butzler, K. B. (2014). The effects of motivation on achievement and satisfaction in a flipped classroom learning environment (Publication No. 3637765) [Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University-Arizona]. UMI Dissertations Publising.
  • Buyukozturk, S. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı [Data analysis handbook for social science]. Ankara: PegemA Publ.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2015). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Boston: Pearson.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2019). Planning, execution and evaluation of quantitative and qualitative research in educational research (H. Ekşi, Trans. Ed.). Edam. (The original study was published in 2012)
  • Cetin, S. A. (2017). A suggestion for using the flipped classroom model in teaching Turkish to foreigners. International Journal of Turkology Research and Reviews, 3(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.378607
  • Clark, K. R. (2013). Examining the effects of the flipped model of instruction on student engagement and performance in the secondary mathematics classroom: An action research study. ERIC database. (ED EJ1051042) https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED559770
  • Coşkun, G. (2023). The effect of flipped classroom practices on university students' foreign language learning self-efficacy beliefs, satisfaction levels and success (Thesis No. 795970) [Doctoral thesis, Atatürk University-Erzurum]. Higher Education Council National Thesis Center.
  • Davies, R. S., Dean, D. L., & Ball, N. (2013). Flipping the classroom and instructional technology integration in a college-level information systems spreadsheet course. Educational Technology Research and Development, 61(4), 563-580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11423-013-9305-6
  • Er, O., Biçer, N., & Bozkırlı, K. Ç. (2012). Evaluation of the problems encountered in teaching Turkish to foreigners in the light of the relevant literature. International Turkish Literature Culture Education (TEKE), 1(2), 51-69.
  • Evseeva, A., & Solozhenko, A. (2015). Use of flipped classroom technology in language learning. Procedia-Socialand Behavioral Sciences, 206, 205-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.006
  • Fulton, K. (2012). Upside down and inside out: Flip your classroom to improve student learning. Learning & Leading with Technology, 39(8), 12-17. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ982840.pdf
  • Gojak, L. (2012, October). To flip or not to flip: That is not the question! National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. http://www.nctm.org/about/content.aspx?id=34585
  • Göğebakan Yıldız, D., Kıyıcı, G., & Altıntaş, G. (2016). Examination of the flipped classroom model in terms of teacher candidates' achievements and opinions. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 6(3), 186-200.
  • Gross, D., Pietri, E. S., Anderson, G., Moyano-Camihort, K., & Graham, M. J. (2015). Increased preclass preparation underlies student outcome improvement in the flipped classroom. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 14, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.15-02-0040
  • Horn, M. B. (2013). The transformational potential of flipped classrooms. Education Next, 13(3), 78-79. http://educationnext.org/the-transformational-potential-of
  • Karaaslan, Z., & Kaptan, F. (2023). The effect of the flipped classroom model applied in the science course on academic success and metacognitive awareness. National Education Journal, 52(240), 2787-2828. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.1169063
  • Kirmizi, Ö., & Komec, F. (2019). The impact of the flipped classroom on receptive and productive vocabulary learning. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 15(2), 437-449. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.586096
  • Love, B., Hodge, A., Corritore, C., & Ernst, D. C. (2015). Inquiry-based learning and the flipped classroom model. Problems, Resources, and Issues in Mathematics Undergraduate Studies, 25(8), 745-762.
  • Mason, G. S., Shuman, T. R., & Cook, K. E. (2013). Comparing the effectiveness of an inverted classroom to a traditional classroom in an upper-division engineering course. IEEE Transactions on Education, 56(4), 430-435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TE.2013.2249066
  • Mattis, K. V. (2014). Flipped classroom versus traditional textbook Instruction: Assessing accuracy and mental effort at different levels of mathematical complexity. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 20, 231-248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-014-9238-0
  • McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2010). Researh in education evidence-based inquiry (7th ed.). Pearson.
  • Miller, A. (2012, February). Five best practices for the flipped classroom. Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/blog/flipped-classroom-best-practices-andrew-miller
  • Mok, H. N. (2014). Teaching tip: the flipped classroom. Journal of Information Systems Education, 25(1), 7-11. http://jise.org/Volume25/n1/JISEv25n1p7.html
  • Özyürek, R. (2009). Problems encountered by foreign students of Turkish origin who come to Turkish universities from Turkish states and communities in learning Turkish. Turkish Studies, 4(3), 1819-1862.
  • Smith, J. P. (2015). The efficacy of a flipped learning classroom. (Doctoral thesis). McKendree University, Lebanon.
  • Strayer, J. F. (2007). The effects of the classroom flip on the learning environment: A comparison of learning activity in a traditional classroom and a flip classroom that used an intelligent tutoring system. (Doctoral thesis). The Ohio State University, Ohio.
  • Strayer, J. F. (2012). How learning in an inverted classroom influences cooperation, innovation and task orientation. Learning Environments Research, 15(2), 171-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-012-9108-4
  • Street, S. E., Gilliland, K. O., McNeil, C., & Royal, K. (2015). The flipped classroom improved medical student performance and satisfaction in a pre-clinical physiology course. Medical Science Educator, 25(1), 35-43.
  • Tekin, H. (2010). Eğitimde ölçme ve değerlendirme [Measurement and evaluation in education]. Ankara: Yargı Publ.
  • Tezbasaran, A. (1996). Likert tipi ölçek hazırlama kılavuzu [Likert type scale development guide]. Ankara: Turkish Psychologists Association.
  • Tucker, B. (2012). The flipped classroom: Online instruction at home frees class time for learning. Education Next, 12(1), 82-83. http://educationnext.org/the-flipped-classroom/
  • Yavuz, M. (2016). An investigation into the effects of flipped classroom applications on the academic success and experiences of the students at secondary school. (Master's thesis). Ataturk University, Erzurum.
  • Yildirim, A., & Simsek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in the social sciences]. Ankara: Seckin Publ.
Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 6, 20 - 38, 01.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.77.11.6

Abstract

References

  • Baepler, P., Walker, J., & Driessen, M. (2014). It's not about seat time: Blending, flipping and efficiency in active learning classrooms. Computers & Education, 78, 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.06.006
  • Beebe, C. R., Gurenlian, J. R., & Rogo, E. J. (2014). Educational technology for millennial dental hygiene students: A survey of US dental hygiene programs. Journal of Dental Education, 78(6), 838-849. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2014.78.6.tb05737.x
  • Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2012). Flip your classroom: Reach every student in every class every day. Washington: International Society for Technology in Education.
  • Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2014). Flipping for mastery. Educational Leadership, 71(4), 24-29. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296969899_Flipping_for_mastery
  • Biçer, N., Çoban, İ., & Bakır, S. (2014). Problems faced by foreign students learning Turkish: Atatürk University example. International Journal of Social Research, 7(29), 125-135.
  • Brunsell, E., & Horejsi, M. (2013). Flipping your classroomin one “take”. The Science Teacher, 80(3), 8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284943864_Flipping_your_classroom
  • Butzler, K. B. (2014). The effects of motivation on achievement and satisfaction in a flipped classroom learning environment (Publication No. 3637765) [Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University-Arizona]. UMI Dissertations Publising.
  • Buyukozturk, S. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı [Data analysis handbook for social science]. Ankara: PegemA Publ.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2015). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Boston: Pearson.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2019). Planning, execution and evaluation of quantitative and qualitative research in educational research (H. Ekşi, Trans. Ed.). Edam. (The original study was published in 2012)
  • Cetin, S. A. (2017). A suggestion for using the flipped classroom model in teaching Turkish to foreigners. International Journal of Turkology Research and Reviews, 3(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.378607
  • Clark, K. R. (2013). Examining the effects of the flipped model of instruction on student engagement and performance in the secondary mathematics classroom: An action research study. ERIC database. (ED EJ1051042) https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED559770
  • Coşkun, G. (2023). The effect of flipped classroom practices on university students' foreign language learning self-efficacy beliefs, satisfaction levels and success (Thesis No. 795970) [Doctoral thesis, Atatürk University-Erzurum]. Higher Education Council National Thesis Center.
  • Davies, R. S., Dean, D. L., & Ball, N. (2013). Flipping the classroom and instructional technology integration in a college-level information systems spreadsheet course. Educational Technology Research and Development, 61(4), 563-580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11423-013-9305-6
  • Er, O., Biçer, N., & Bozkırlı, K. Ç. (2012). Evaluation of the problems encountered in teaching Turkish to foreigners in the light of the relevant literature. International Turkish Literature Culture Education (TEKE), 1(2), 51-69.
  • Evseeva, A., & Solozhenko, A. (2015). Use of flipped classroom technology in language learning. Procedia-Socialand Behavioral Sciences, 206, 205-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.006
  • Fulton, K. (2012). Upside down and inside out: Flip your classroom to improve student learning. Learning & Leading with Technology, 39(8), 12-17. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ982840.pdf
  • Gojak, L. (2012, October). To flip or not to flip: That is not the question! National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. http://www.nctm.org/about/content.aspx?id=34585
  • Göğebakan Yıldız, D., Kıyıcı, G., & Altıntaş, G. (2016). Examination of the flipped classroom model in terms of teacher candidates' achievements and opinions. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 6(3), 186-200.
  • Gross, D., Pietri, E. S., Anderson, G., Moyano-Camihort, K., & Graham, M. J. (2015). Increased preclass preparation underlies student outcome improvement in the flipped classroom. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 14, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.15-02-0040
  • Horn, M. B. (2013). The transformational potential of flipped classrooms. Education Next, 13(3), 78-79. http://educationnext.org/the-transformational-potential-of
  • Karaaslan, Z., & Kaptan, F. (2023). The effect of the flipped classroom model applied in the science course on academic success and metacognitive awareness. National Education Journal, 52(240), 2787-2828. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.1169063
  • Kirmizi, Ö., & Komec, F. (2019). The impact of the flipped classroom on receptive and productive vocabulary learning. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 15(2), 437-449. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.586096
  • Love, B., Hodge, A., Corritore, C., & Ernst, D. C. (2015). Inquiry-based learning and the flipped classroom model. Problems, Resources, and Issues in Mathematics Undergraduate Studies, 25(8), 745-762.
  • Mason, G. S., Shuman, T. R., & Cook, K. E. (2013). Comparing the effectiveness of an inverted classroom to a traditional classroom in an upper-division engineering course. IEEE Transactions on Education, 56(4), 430-435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TE.2013.2249066
  • Mattis, K. V. (2014). Flipped classroom versus traditional textbook Instruction: Assessing accuracy and mental effort at different levels of mathematical complexity. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 20, 231-248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-014-9238-0
  • McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2010). Researh in education evidence-based inquiry (7th ed.). Pearson.
  • Miller, A. (2012, February). Five best practices for the flipped classroom. Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/blog/flipped-classroom-best-practices-andrew-miller
  • Mok, H. N. (2014). Teaching tip: the flipped classroom. Journal of Information Systems Education, 25(1), 7-11. http://jise.org/Volume25/n1/JISEv25n1p7.html
  • Özyürek, R. (2009). Problems encountered by foreign students of Turkish origin who come to Turkish universities from Turkish states and communities in learning Turkish. Turkish Studies, 4(3), 1819-1862.
  • Smith, J. P. (2015). The efficacy of a flipped learning classroom. (Doctoral thesis). McKendree University, Lebanon.
  • Strayer, J. F. (2007). The effects of the classroom flip on the learning environment: A comparison of learning activity in a traditional classroom and a flip classroom that used an intelligent tutoring system. (Doctoral thesis). The Ohio State University, Ohio.
  • Strayer, J. F. (2012). How learning in an inverted classroom influences cooperation, innovation and task orientation. Learning Environments Research, 15(2), 171-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-012-9108-4
  • Street, S. E., Gilliland, K. O., McNeil, C., & Royal, K. (2015). The flipped classroom improved medical student performance and satisfaction in a pre-clinical physiology course. Medical Science Educator, 25(1), 35-43.
  • Tekin, H. (2010). Eğitimde ölçme ve değerlendirme [Measurement and evaluation in education]. Ankara: Yargı Publ.
  • Tezbasaran, A. (1996). Likert tipi ölçek hazırlama kılavuzu [Likert type scale development guide]. Ankara: Turkish Psychologists Association.
  • Tucker, B. (2012). The flipped classroom: Online instruction at home frees class time for learning. Education Next, 12(1), 82-83. http://educationnext.org/the-flipped-classroom/
  • Yavuz, M. (2016). An investigation into the effects of flipped classroom applications on the academic success and experiences of the students at secondary school. (Master's thesis). Ataturk University, Erzurum.
  • Yildirim, A., & Simsek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in the social sciences]. Ankara: Seckin Publ.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Language Studies (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ayşe Şimşek 0000-0003-1458-6068

Sıddık Bakır 0000-0002-5118-209X

Early Pub Date September 30, 2024
Publication Date November 1, 2024
Submission Date May 2, 2024
Acceptance Date August 21, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Şimşek, A., & Bakır, S. (2024). The Effect of The Flipped Classroom Model on Student Opinions and Reading Comprehension Skills in Teaching Turkish to Foreigners. Participatory Educational Research, 11(6), 20-38. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.77.11.6