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Evaluation and Management of the Suicide Risk in Psychiatry Patients

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 438 - 450, 25.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.491465

Abstract

The risk of suicide is very common among the patients with psychiatric disorder and needs an emergency response. There are some signs specific to the disorders indicating increased risk of suicide. It is important that firstly health workers must identify these early warning signs and determine the risk of suicide. After evaluating the risk of suicide, what needs to be done is to establish a safety plan with the patient. Safety plan is an important initiative that protects the patient from suicide attempt and guides the patient about what to do when the crisis is experienced. The safety plan includes information such as strategies to be used by the patient to stay safe, early warning signs, coping strategies, contact information for social supports, family members or friends and telephone numbers of crisis units. It is recommended that the security plan prepared in the light of this information should be used by psychiatric nurses in the clinic. The creation of a safety plan will prevent or delay the patient's risk of attempted suicide as much as possible.

References

  • Abreu LN, Oguendo MA, Galfavy H, Burke A, Grunebaum MF, Sher L et al. (2018) Are comorbid anxiety disorders a risk factor for suicide attempts in patients with mood disorders? A two-year prospective study. Eur Psychiatry, 47:19-24.
  • Acosta FJ, Siris SG, Diaz E, Salinas M, del Rosario P, Hernandez JL (2012) Suicidal behavior in schizophrenia and its relationship to the quality of psychotic symptoms and insight- a case report. Psychiatria Danubina, 24:97-99.
  • Ak M, Gülsün M, Özmenler KN (2009) Özkıyım ve kişilik. Psyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 1:45-54.
  • Atlı Z (2007) İntihar olasılığı ölçeği (İOÖ)’nin klinik örneklemdeki geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Aydın, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi.
  • Bayam G, Dilbaz N, Bitlis V, Holat H, Tüzer T (1995) İntihar davranışı ile depresyon, ümitsizlik, intihar düşüncesi ilişkisi: intihar davranış ölçeği geçerlilik, güvenirlik çalışması. Kriz Dergisi, 3:223-225.
  • Bentley KH, Franklin JC, Ribeiro JD, Kleiman EM, Fox KR, Nock MK (2016) Anxiety and its disorders as risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev, 43:30-46.
  • Beyer JL, Weisler RH (2012) Suicide behaviors in bipolar disorder: a review and update for the clinician. Psychiatr Clin North Am, 39:111-123.
  • Bomyea J, Lang AJ, Craske MG, Chavira D, Sherbourne CD, Rose RD et al. (2013) Suicidal ideation and risk factors in primary care patients with anxiety disorders. Psychiatry Res, 209:60-65.
  • Bozkurt-Zincir S, Zincir S, Köşker SD, Sünbül EA, Aksoy AE, Elbay RY et al. (2014) Yatarak tedavi gören psikiyatri hastalarında intihar girişiminin klinik özellikler ve sosyodemografik değişkenlerle ilişkisi. Journal of Mood Disorders, 4:53-58.
  • Can SS, Uğurlu GK, Atagün Mİ, Kaymak SU, Uğurlu M, Yenilmez D et al. (2015) Effects of anxiety sensitivity index-3 on suicide risk assessment. Ankara Med J, 15:134-139.
  • Eroğlu MZ, Karakuş G, Tamam L (2013) Bipolar disorder and suicide. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Pschiatry and Neurological Sciences, 26:139-147.
  • Evren EC, Üstünsoy S, Can S, Başoğlu C, Çakmak D (2003) Alkol /madde bağımlılarında özkıyım girişimi öyküsünün klinik belirtilerle ilişkisi. Klinik Psikiyatri, 6:86-94.
  • Evren C, Evren B, Ögel K, Çakmak D (2001) Madde kullanımı nedeni ile yatarak tedavi görenlerde intihar girişimi öyküsü. Klinik Psikiyatri, 4:232-240.
  • Fernandez de la Cruz L, Rydell M, Runeson B, D’Onofrio BM, Brander G, Rück C et al. (2017) Suicide in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a population-based study of 36788 Swedish patients. Molecular Psychiatry, 22:1626-32.
  • Fuller-Thomson E, Hollister B (2016) Schizophrenia and suicide attempts: findings from a representative community-based Canadian sample. Schizophrenia Research and Treatment, 1-11.
  • Gonda X, Pompili M, Serafini G, Montebovi F, Campi S, Dome P et al. (2012) Suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder: epidemiology, characteristics and major risk factors. J Affect Disord, 143:16-26.
  • Guzey-Yiğit M, Yiğit İ (2017) İntihar bilişleri ölçeğinin psikometrik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, 5:363-383.
  • Haran S, Berksun OE (1995) P-Kuam intihar düşüncesi ölçeği: ölçek geliştirme üzerine bir pilot çalışma. Kriz Dergisi, 3:206-207.
  • Hor K, Taylor M (2010) Suicide and schizophrenia: a systematic review of rates and risk factors. J Psychopharmacol, 24:81-90.
  • İzci F, Zincir S, Zincir SB, Bilici R, Gica S, Koç MSI et al. (2015) Suicide attempt, suicidal ideation, and hopelessness levels in major depressive patients with and without alexithymia. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Pschiatry and Neurological Sciences, 28:27-33.
  • Karakuş G, Tamam L (2018) Obsesif kompülsif bozuklukta uyku ve özkıyım ilişkisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg, 19:37-44.
  • Karamustafalıoğlu O, Özcelik B, Bakım B, Ceylan YC, Yavuz BG, Güven T et al. (2010) İntiharı öngörebilecek bir araç: hastane anksiyete ve depresyon ölçeği. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Pschiatry and Neurological Sciences, 23:151-157.
  • Koç M (2016) Depresif (çökkünlük) bozukluklar. In Ruh Sağlığı ve Psikiyatri Hemşireliği (Ed N. Gürhan):475-538. Ankara, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Kutcher S, Chehil S (2007) Suicide risk management: a manual for health professionals. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.
  • Latalova K, Kamaradova D, Prasko J (2014) Suicide in bipolar disorder: a review. Psychiatria Danubina, 26:108-114.
  • Links PS, Gould B, Ratnayake R (2003) Assessing suicidal youth with antisocial, borderline, or narcissistic personality disorder. Can J Psychiatry, 48:301-310.
  • Mantar A, Yemez B, Alkın T (2010) Anksiyete duyarlılık indeksi-3’ün Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21:225-234.
  • Mazalıauskiene R, Navickas A (2012) Suicidal attempts during the first episode psychosis. Sveikatos Mokslai, 22:81-84.
  • Nam YY, Kim CH, Roh D (2016) Comorbid panic disorder as an independent risk factor for suicide attempts in depressed outpatients. Compr Psychiatry, 67:13-8.
  • Nery-Fernandes F, Miranda-Scippa A (2013) Suicidal behavior in bipolar affetive disorder and socio-demographic, clinical and neuroanatomical characteristics associated. Rev Psiq Clin, 40:220-224.
  • Novick DM, Swartz HA, Frank E (2010) Suicide attempts in bipolar I and bipolar II disorder: a review and meta-analysis of the evidence. Bipolar Disord, 12:1-9.
  • NSW Sağlık Departmanı (2004) Framework for suicide risk assessment and management for NSW health staff. North Sydney, NSW: Deparrtment of Health.
  • Perlman C, Neufeld E, Martin L, Goy M, Hirdes J (2011) Suicide risk assessment guide: a resource for Canadian health care organizations. Toronto, ON: Ontario Hospital Association and Canadian Patient Safety Institute.
  • Pompili M, Tondo L, Grispini A, De Pisa E, Lester D, Angeletti G et al. (2006) Sucide attempts in bipolar disorder patients. Clinical Neuropsychiaty, 3:327-31.
  • Pompili M, Girardi P, Ruberto A, Tatarelli R (2005) Suicide in borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis. Nord J Psychiatry, 59:319-324.
  • Power P, McGowan S (2011) Suicide risk management in early intervention. National Mental Health.
  • Pu S, Setoyama S, Noda T (2017) Association between cognitive deficits and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder. Scientific Reports, 7:11637.
  • Radomsky ED, Haas GL, Mann JJ, Sweeney JA (1999) Suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Am J Psychiatry, 156:1590-95.
  • Rodriguez-Cintas L, Daigre C, Braguhais MD, Palma-Alvarez RF, Grau-Lopez L, Ross-Cucurull E et al. (2018) Factors associated with life time suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in outpatients with substance use disorders. Psychiatry Res, 262:440-5.
  • Sokero TP, Melartin TK, Rytsala HJ, Leskela US, Lestela-Mielonen PS, Isometsa ET (2003) Suicidal ideation and attempts among psychiatric patients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry, 64:1094-1100.
  • Stanley B, Brown GK (2012) Safety planning intervention: a brief intervention to mitigate suicide risk. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19:256-264.
  • Stanley B, Brown GK, (with Karlin B, Kemp J, von Bergen H) (2008) Safety plan treatment manual to reduce suicide risk: veteran version. Washington, DC: United States Department of Veterans Affairs.
  • Stringer B, van Meijel B, Eikelenboom M, Koekkoek B, Licht CMM, Kerkhof AJFM et al. (2013) Recurrent suicide attempts in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders: the role of borderline personality traits. J Affect Disord, 151:23-30.
  • Suokas JT, Perala J, Suominen K, Saarni S, Lönngvist J, Suvisaari JM (2010) Epidemiology of suicide attempts among persons with psychotic disorder in the general population. Schizophr Res, 124:22-28.
  • Ventriglio A, Gentile A, Bonfitto I, Stella E, Mari M, Steardo L et al. (2016) Suicide in the early stage of schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry, 7:116.
  • Yalvaç HD, Kaya B, Ünal S (2014) İntihar girişimi ile başvuran bireylerde kişilik bozukluğu ve bazı klinik değişkenler. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg, 15:24-30.
  • Zhu Y, Zhang H, Shi S, Gao J, Li Y, Tao M et al. (2013) Suicidal risk factors of recurrent major depression in Han Chinese women. Plos One, 8:80030.

Psikiyatri Hastalarında Özkıyım Riskini Değerlendirme ve Yönetme

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 438 - 450, 25.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.491465

Abstract

Özkıyım riski
psikiyatrik sorunu olan hastalar arasında oldukça sık görülen ve acil müdahale
edilmesi gereken bir durumdur. Özkıyım riskinin arttığını gösteren hastalıklara
özgü bazı işaretler bulunmaktadır. Sağlık çalışanlarının önce bu erken uyarı
işaretlerini tanımlamaları ve özkıyım riskini belirlemeleri önemlidir. Özkıyım
riskini değerlendirdikten sonra yapılması gereken şey hastayla birlikte bir
güvenlik planı oluşturmaktır. Güvenlik planı hastayı özkıyım girişiminden koruyan
ve kriz yaşadığında neler yapacağı konusunda yol gösteren önemli bir
girişimdir. Güvenlik planı güvende kalmak için hastanın kullanacağı
stratejiler, erken uyarı işaretleri, baş etme stratejileri, sosyal destekleri,
aile bireyleri veya arkadaşlarına ilişkin iletişim bilgileri ve kriz
birimlerinin telefon numaraları gibi bilgileri içermektedir. Bu bilgiler
ışığında hazırlanan güvenlik planının özellikle psikiyatri hemşireleri
tarafından klinikte kullanılması önerilmektedir. Güvenlik planının
oluşturulması, hastanın mümkün olduğunca özkıyım girişiminde bulunma riskini engelleyecek
veya erteleyecektir.

References

  • Abreu LN, Oguendo MA, Galfavy H, Burke A, Grunebaum MF, Sher L et al. (2018) Are comorbid anxiety disorders a risk factor for suicide attempts in patients with mood disorders? A two-year prospective study. Eur Psychiatry, 47:19-24.
  • Acosta FJ, Siris SG, Diaz E, Salinas M, del Rosario P, Hernandez JL (2012) Suicidal behavior in schizophrenia and its relationship to the quality of psychotic symptoms and insight- a case report. Psychiatria Danubina, 24:97-99.
  • Ak M, Gülsün M, Özmenler KN (2009) Özkıyım ve kişilik. Psyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 1:45-54.
  • Atlı Z (2007) İntihar olasılığı ölçeği (İOÖ)’nin klinik örneklemdeki geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Aydın, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi.
  • Bayam G, Dilbaz N, Bitlis V, Holat H, Tüzer T (1995) İntihar davranışı ile depresyon, ümitsizlik, intihar düşüncesi ilişkisi: intihar davranış ölçeği geçerlilik, güvenirlik çalışması. Kriz Dergisi, 3:223-225.
  • Bentley KH, Franklin JC, Ribeiro JD, Kleiman EM, Fox KR, Nock MK (2016) Anxiety and its disorders as risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev, 43:30-46.
  • Beyer JL, Weisler RH (2012) Suicide behaviors in bipolar disorder: a review and update for the clinician. Psychiatr Clin North Am, 39:111-123.
  • Bomyea J, Lang AJ, Craske MG, Chavira D, Sherbourne CD, Rose RD et al. (2013) Suicidal ideation and risk factors in primary care patients with anxiety disorders. Psychiatry Res, 209:60-65.
  • Bozkurt-Zincir S, Zincir S, Köşker SD, Sünbül EA, Aksoy AE, Elbay RY et al. (2014) Yatarak tedavi gören psikiyatri hastalarında intihar girişiminin klinik özellikler ve sosyodemografik değişkenlerle ilişkisi. Journal of Mood Disorders, 4:53-58.
  • Can SS, Uğurlu GK, Atagün Mİ, Kaymak SU, Uğurlu M, Yenilmez D et al. (2015) Effects of anxiety sensitivity index-3 on suicide risk assessment. Ankara Med J, 15:134-139.
  • Eroğlu MZ, Karakuş G, Tamam L (2013) Bipolar disorder and suicide. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Pschiatry and Neurological Sciences, 26:139-147.
  • Evren EC, Üstünsoy S, Can S, Başoğlu C, Çakmak D (2003) Alkol /madde bağımlılarında özkıyım girişimi öyküsünün klinik belirtilerle ilişkisi. Klinik Psikiyatri, 6:86-94.
  • Evren C, Evren B, Ögel K, Çakmak D (2001) Madde kullanımı nedeni ile yatarak tedavi görenlerde intihar girişimi öyküsü. Klinik Psikiyatri, 4:232-240.
  • Fernandez de la Cruz L, Rydell M, Runeson B, D’Onofrio BM, Brander G, Rück C et al. (2017) Suicide in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a population-based study of 36788 Swedish patients. Molecular Psychiatry, 22:1626-32.
  • Fuller-Thomson E, Hollister B (2016) Schizophrenia and suicide attempts: findings from a representative community-based Canadian sample. Schizophrenia Research and Treatment, 1-11.
  • Gonda X, Pompili M, Serafini G, Montebovi F, Campi S, Dome P et al. (2012) Suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder: epidemiology, characteristics and major risk factors. J Affect Disord, 143:16-26.
  • Guzey-Yiğit M, Yiğit İ (2017) İntihar bilişleri ölçeğinin psikometrik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, 5:363-383.
  • Haran S, Berksun OE (1995) P-Kuam intihar düşüncesi ölçeği: ölçek geliştirme üzerine bir pilot çalışma. Kriz Dergisi, 3:206-207.
  • Hor K, Taylor M (2010) Suicide and schizophrenia: a systematic review of rates and risk factors. J Psychopharmacol, 24:81-90.
  • İzci F, Zincir S, Zincir SB, Bilici R, Gica S, Koç MSI et al. (2015) Suicide attempt, suicidal ideation, and hopelessness levels in major depressive patients with and without alexithymia. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Pschiatry and Neurological Sciences, 28:27-33.
  • Karakuş G, Tamam L (2018) Obsesif kompülsif bozuklukta uyku ve özkıyım ilişkisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg, 19:37-44.
  • Karamustafalıoğlu O, Özcelik B, Bakım B, Ceylan YC, Yavuz BG, Güven T et al. (2010) İntiharı öngörebilecek bir araç: hastane anksiyete ve depresyon ölçeği. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Pschiatry and Neurological Sciences, 23:151-157.
  • Koç M (2016) Depresif (çökkünlük) bozukluklar. In Ruh Sağlığı ve Psikiyatri Hemşireliği (Ed N. Gürhan):475-538. Ankara, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Kutcher S, Chehil S (2007) Suicide risk management: a manual for health professionals. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.
  • Latalova K, Kamaradova D, Prasko J (2014) Suicide in bipolar disorder: a review. Psychiatria Danubina, 26:108-114.
  • Links PS, Gould B, Ratnayake R (2003) Assessing suicidal youth with antisocial, borderline, or narcissistic personality disorder. Can J Psychiatry, 48:301-310.
  • Mantar A, Yemez B, Alkın T (2010) Anksiyete duyarlılık indeksi-3’ün Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21:225-234.
  • Mazalıauskiene R, Navickas A (2012) Suicidal attempts during the first episode psychosis. Sveikatos Mokslai, 22:81-84.
  • Nam YY, Kim CH, Roh D (2016) Comorbid panic disorder as an independent risk factor for suicide attempts in depressed outpatients. Compr Psychiatry, 67:13-8.
  • Nery-Fernandes F, Miranda-Scippa A (2013) Suicidal behavior in bipolar affetive disorder and socio-demographic, clinical and neuroanatomical characteristics associated. Rev Psiq Clin, 40:220-224.
  • Novick DM, Swartz HA, Frank E (2010) Suicide attempts in bipolar I and bipolar II disorder: a review and meta-analysis of the evidence. Bipolar Disord, 12:1-9.
  • NSW Sağlık Departmanı (2004) Framework for suicide risk assessment and management for NSW health staff. North Sydney, NSW: Deparrtment of Health.
  • Perlman C, Neufeld E, Martin L, Goy M, Hirdes J (2011) Suicide risk assessment guide: a resource for Canadian health care organizations. Toronto, ON: Ontario Hospital Association and Canadian Patient Safety Institute.
  • Pompili M, Tondo L, Grispini A, De Pisa E, Lester D, Angeletti G et al. (2006) Sucide attempts in bipolar disorder patients. Clinical Neuropsychiaty, 3:327-31.
  • Pompili M, Girardi P, Ruberto A, Tatarelli R (2005) Suicide in borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis. Nord J Psychiatry, 59:319-324.
  • Power P, McGowan S (2011) Suicide risk management in early intervention. National Mental Health.
  • Pu S, Setoyama S, Noda T (2017) Association between cognitive deficits and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder. Scientific Reports, 7:11637.
  • Radomsky ED, Haas GL, Mann JJ, Sweeney JA (1999) Suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Am J Psychiatry, 156:1590-95.
  • Rodriguez-Cintas L, Daigre C, Braguhais MD, Palma-Alvarez RF, Grau-Lopez L, Ross-Cucurull E et al. (2018) Factors associated with life time suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in outpatients with substance use disorders. Psychiatry Res, 262:440-5.
  • Sokero TP, Melartin TK, Rytsala HJ, Leskela US, Lestela-Mielonen PS, Isometsa ET (2003) Suicidal ideation and attempts among psychiatric patients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry, 64:1094-1100.
  • Stanley B, Brown GK (2012) Safety planning intervention: a brief intervention to mitigate suicide risk. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19:256-264.
  • Stanley B, Brown GK, (with Karlin B, Kemp J, von Bergen H) (2008) Safety plan treatment manual to reduce suicide risk: veteran version. Washington, DC: United States Department of Veterans Affairs.
  • Stringer B, van Meijel B, Eikelenboom M, Koekkoek B, Licht CMM, Kerkhof AJFM et al. (2013) Recurrent suicide attempts in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders: the role of borderline personality traits. J Affect Disord, 151:23-30.
  • Suokas JT, Perala J, Suominen K, Saarni S, Lönngvist J, Suvisaari JM (2010) Epidemiology of suicide attempts among persons with psychotic disorder in the general population. Schizophr Res, 124:22-28.
  • Ventriglio A, Gentile A, Bonfitto I, Stella E, Mari M, Steardo L et al. (2016) Suicide in the early stage of schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry, 7:116.
  • Yalvaç HD, Kaya B, Ünal S (2014) İntihar girişimi ile başvuran bireylerde kişilik bozukluğu ve bazı klinik değişkenler. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg, 15:24-30.
  • Zhu Y, Zhang H, Shi S, Gao J, Li Y, Tao M et al. (2013) Suicidal risk factors of recurrent major depression in Han Chinese women. Plos One, 8:80030.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychiatry, Behaviour-Personality Assessment in Psychology
Journal Section Review
Authors

Emel Bahadır Yılmaz 0000-0003-1785-3539

Publication Date December 25, 2019
Acceptance Date December 22, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 11 Issue: 4

Cite

AMA Bahadır Yılmaz E. Psikiyatri Hastalarında Özkıyım Riskini Değerlendirme ve Yönetme. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. December 2019;11(4):438-450. doi:10.18863/pgy.491465

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