Rumination, Fatigue and Psychological Resilience in Cancer Experience

Year 2020, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 421 - 433, 30.09.2020

Sinem Öcalan , Yeter Sinem Üzar Özçetin

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.664396

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Cancer is a very common disorder that can affect individuals cognitively, emotionally, physically and socially. It can cause negative ruminative thoughts among individuals by affecting the thinking system since the diagnosis and these thoughts may result in various psychosocial problems. If the negative ruminative thoughts are not able to manage effectively through the process, individuals having cancer can experience fatigue. This process can be defined as cancer-related fatigue, it can not only affect the disease process but also affect the remission process. By the way, resilience which is described as the power to overcome negative experiences leads to a focus on positive ruminative thoughts. In this way, individuals can find positive outcomes such as restructuring the traumatic life experience, adaptation to disease process, and even gaining resilience, etc. The aim of this article is to explain the concepts of rumination, cancer-related fatigue, and psychological resilience and to reveal possible effects on the cancer process.

Keywords

Cancer, fatigue, psychological resilience, rumination

Kanser Deneyiminde Ruminasyon, Tükenmişlik ve Psikolojik Sağlamlık

Abstract

Kanser bireyleri bilişsel, duygusal, fiziksel, sosyal yönlerden etkileyebilen, oldukça yaygın görülen bir hastalıktır. Bireylerin tanı almalarından itibaren düşünce sistemini etkileyerek olumsuz ruminatif düşüncelere neden olabilmekte ve bu düşünceler çeşitli psikososyal problemlerle sonuçlanabilmektedir. Süreç içerisinde yaşanılması olası olumsuz ruminatif düşünce sistemi iyi yönetilemediğinde kanser deneyimi yaşayan bireylerin tükenmişlik yaşamasına neden olabilmektedir. Kansere bağlı tükenmişlik olarak adlandırılan bu durum, bireylerin sadece hastalık sürecini değil remisyon dönemini de etkileyebilmektedir. Öte yandan, yaşanılan olumsuz deneyimlerin üstesinden gelebilme gücünü temsil eden psikolojik sağlamlık, bireylerin olumlu ruminatif düşüncelere odaklanabilmesine olanak sağlayabilmektedir. Böylece, bireyler travmatik yaşam deneyiminden yaşamı yeniden anlamlandırabilme, sürece uyumlanabilme ve hatta psikolojik açıdan güçlenme gibi olumlu çıkarımlarda bulunabilmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı, ruminasyon, kansere bağlı tükenmişlik ve psikolojik sağlamlık kavramlarının açıklanması ve kanser süreci üzerine olası etkilerinin ortaya konulmasıdır.

Keywords

Kanser, psikolojik sağlamlık, ruminasyon, tükenmişlik

References

• Amstadter AB, Moscati A, Oxon MA, Maes HH, Myers JM, Kendler KS (2016) Personality, cognitive/psychological traits and psychiatric resilience: A multivariate twin study. Pers Individ Dif, 91:74-79.
• Andreyev J, Ross P, Donnellan C, Lennan E, Leonard P, Waters C et al. (2014) Guidance on the management of diarrhoea during cancer chemotherapy. Lancet Oncol, 15:e447-e460.
• Arditte Hall KA, Davison EH, Galovski TE, Vasterling JJ, Pineles SL (2019) Associations Between Trauma-Related Rumination and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress and Depression in Treatment-Seeking Female Veterans. J Trauma Stress, 32:260-268.
• Avelar JMP, Nicolussi AC, Toneti BF, Sonobe HM, Sawada NO (2019) Fatigue in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiation therapy: a prospective study. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem, 27:1-9.
• Boltong A, Keast R, Aranda S (2012) Experiences and consequences of altered taste, flavour and food hedonics during chemotherapy treatment. Support Care Cancer, 20:2765-2774.
• Bonanno GA (2004) Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? Am Psychol, 59:20-28.
• Bonanno GA, Westphal M, Mancini AD (2011) Resilience to loss and potential trauma. Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 7:511-535. Borneman T, Piper BF, Koczywas M, Munevar CM, Sun V, Uman GC et al. (2012) A qualitative analysis of cancer-related fatigue in ambulatory oncology. Clinical Journal Of Oncology Nursing, 16: E26-32.
• Bower JE, Bak K, Berger A, Breitbart W, Escalante CP, Ganz PA et al. (2014) Screening, assessment, and management of fatigue in adult survivors of cancer: an American Society of Clinical oncology clinical practice guideline adaptation. J Clin Oncol, 32:1840-1850.
• Burwell RA, Shirk SR (2007) Subtypes of rumination in adolescence: Associations between brooding, reflection, depressive symptoms, and coping. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol, 36:56-65.
• Calhoun LG, Cann A, Tedeschi RG (2010) The posttraumatic growth model: Sociocultural considerations. Posttraumatic Growth and Culturally Competent Practice, 1st ed. (Eds T Weiss, R Berger): 1–14. Wiley Press.
• Chan MW, Ho SM, Tedeschi RG, Leung CW (2011) The valence of attentional bias and cancer-related rumination in posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth among women with breast cancer. Psychooncology, 20:544-552.
• Curt GA, Breitbart W, Cella D, Groopman JE, Horning SJ, Itri LM et al. (2000) Impact of cancer-related fatigue on the lives of patients: new findings from the Fatigue Coalition. Oncologist, 5:353-360.
• Cvetkovic J, Nenadovic M (2016) Depression in breast cancer patients. Psychiatry Res, 240:343-347.
• Dahal A, Meheta RK (2018) Fatigue Experience and Coping Strategies among Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy. J Nepal Health Res Counc, 16:285-290.
• Di Marco M, Rubbi I, Baldi A, Di Lorenzo R, Magnani D, Cremonini V et al. (2018) Evaluation of fatigue in patients with pancreatic cancer receiving chemotherapy treatment: a cross-sectional observational study. Acta Biomed, 89:18-27.
• Ehring T, Frank S, Ehlers A (2008) The Role of Rumination and Reduced Concreteness in the Maintenance of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Following Trauma. Cognitive Theraphy and Research, 32:488-506.
• Galfin JM, Watkins ER (2012) Construal level, rumination, and psychological distress in palliative care. Psychooncology, 21:680-683.
• Gao Y, Yuan L, Pan B, Wang L (2019) Resilience and associated factors among Chinese patients diagnosed with oral cancer. BMC Cancer, 19:447.
• Garabeli Cavalli Kluthcovsky AC, Urbanetz AA, de Carvalho DS, Pereira Maluf EM, Schlickmann Sylvestre GC, Bonatto Hatschbach SB (2012) Fatigue after treatment in breast cancer survivors: prevalence, determinants and impact on health-related quality of life. Support Care Cancer, 20:1901-1909.
• Gemalmaz A, Avşar G (2015) Kanser Tanısı ve Sonrası Yaşananlar: Kalitatif Bir Çalışma. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 12:93-98.
• Goldstein D, Bennett B, Friedlander M, Davenport T, Hickie I, Lloyd A (2006) Fatigue states after cancer treatment occur both in association with, and independent of, mood disorder: a longitudinal study. BMC Cancer, 6:240.
• Harrington JA, Blankenship V (2002) Ruminative Thoughts and Their Relation to Depression and Anxiety. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32:465-485.
• Hauner K, Maisch P, Retz M (2017) Side effects of chemotherapy. Urologe A, 56:472-479.
• Hockel M, Wilmer A, Jaehde U (2012) Fatigue in cancer patients. Med Monatsschr Pharm, 35:172-179.
• Hofman M, Ryan JL, Figueroa-Moseley CD, Jean-Pierre P, Morrow GR (2007) Cancer-related fatigue: the scale of the problem. Oncologist, 12(suppl 1):4-10.
• Hu T, Xiao J, Peng J, Kuang X, He B (2018) Relationship between resilience, social support as well as anxiety/depression of lung cancer patients: A cross-sectional observation study. J Cancer Res Ther, 14:72-77.
• Javaid D, Hanif R, Rehna T (2018) Cognitive Processes of Cancer Patients: A Major Threat to Patients' Quality of Life. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 28:218-221.
• Körükcü Ö (2018) Bazı Yaşamsal Geçişler Zordur. Jinekolojik Kanser Tanısı Almak Gibi... Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9: 248-254.
• Kutluturkan S, Sozeri E, Uysal N, Bay F (2016) Resilience and burnout status among nurses working in oncology. Ann Gen Psychiatry, 15:33. Kyriacou J, Black A, Drummond N, Power J, Maheu C (2017) Fear of cancer recurrence: A study of the experience of survivors of ovarian cancer. Can Oncol Nurs J, 27: 236-242.
• Lee JH, Song Y, Do Han K, Park YM, Lee JY, Park YG, Lee YB (2018) Cancer risk by the subtype of alopecia. Sci Rep, 8:9748.
• Liu J, Peh CX, Mahendran R (2017) Body image and emotional distress in newly diagnosed cancer patients: The mediating role of dysfunctional attitudes and rumination. Body Image, 20:58-64.
• Liu J, Peh CX, Simard S, Griva K, Mahendran R (2018) Beyond the fear that lingers: The interaction between fear of cancer recurrence and rumination in relation to depression and anxiety symptoms. J Psychosom Res, 111:120-126.
• Lorca LA, Sacomori C, Puga B (2016) Assessment of a brief fatigue inventory in patients with hematologic malignancies. Rev Med Chil, 144:894-899.
• Lyubomirsky S, Kasri F, Chang O, Chung I (2006) Ruminative response styles and delay of seeking diagnosis for breast cancer symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25:276-304.
• Magnusson K, Möller A, Ekman T, Wallgren A (1999) A qualitative study to explore the experience of fatigue in cancer patients. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl), 8:224-232.
• Martin L, Tesser A (1996) Some ruminative thoughts. Ruminative thoughts, 4th ed. Mahwah, New Jersey, Lawrance Erlbaum Associates. Masten AS, Best KM, Garmezy N (1990) Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development And Psychopathology, 2:425-444.
• Matzka M, Mayer H, Kock-Hodi S, Moses-Passini C, Dubey C, Jahn P et al. (2016) Relationship between Resilience, Psychological Distress and Physical Activity in Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Observation Study. PLoS One, 11:1-13.
• Mehnert A (2011) Employment and work-related issues in cancer survivors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 77:109-130.
• Mock V, Atkinson A, Barsevick A, Cella D, Cimprich B, Cleeland C et al. (2000) NCCN Practice Guidelines for Cancer-Related Fatigue. Oncology (Williston Park), 14:151-161.
• Molina Y, Yi JC, Martinez-Gutierrez J, Reding KW, Yi-Frazier JP, Rosenberg AR (2014) Resilience among patients across the cancer continuum: diverse perspectives. Clin J Oncol Nurs, 18:93-101.
• Neufeld NJ, Elnahal SM, Alvarez RH (2017) Cancer pain: a review of epidemiology, clinical quality and value impact. Future Oncol, 13:833-841.
• Nies YH, Ali AM, Abdullah N, Islahudin F, Shah NM (2018) A qualitative study among breast cancer patients on chemotherapy: experiences and side-effects. Patient Preference And Adherence, 12:1955-1964.
• Nolen-Hoeksema S (1987) Sex differences in unipolar depression: evidence and theory. Psychol Bull, 101:259-282.
• Nolen-Hoeksema S (1991) Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. J Abnorm Psychol, 100:569-582.
• Nolen-Hoeksema S, Morrow J (1991) A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. J Pers Soc Psychol, 61:115-121.
• O'Higgins CM, Brady B, O'Connor B, Walsh D, Reilly RB (2018) The pathophysiology of cancer-related fatigue: current controversies. Support Care Cancer, 26:3353-3364.
• Ogińska-Bulik N (2017) The negative and positive effects of trauma resulting from cancer–the role of personality and rumination. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 5:232-243.
• Paterson CL, Lengacher CA, Donovan KA, Kip KE, Tofthagen CS (2016) Body Image in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review. Cancer Nurs, 39:E39-58.
• Pearson EJM, Morris ME, di Stefano M, McKinstry CE (2018) Interventions for cancer-related fatigue: a scoping review. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl), 27:e12516.
• Peters ME, Goedendorp MM, Verhagen CA, van der Graaf WT, Bleijenberg G (2014) Severe fatigue during the palliative treatment phase of cancer: an exploratory study. Cancer Nurs, 37:139-145.
• Reif K, de Vries U, Petermann F (2012) What does really help against cancer-related fatigue? An overview of systematic reviews. Pflege, 25:439-457.
• Ristevska-Dimitrovska G, Filov I, Rajchanovska D, Stefanovski P, Dejanova B (2015) Resilience and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci, 3:727-731.
• Rodrigues AR, Trufelli DC, Fonseca F, de Paula LC, Giglio AD (2016) Fatigue in Patients With Advanced Terminal Cancer Correlates With Inflammation, Poor Quality of Life and Sleep, and Anxiety/Depression. Am J Hosp Palliat Care, 33:942-947.
• Roley ME, Claycomb MA, Contractor AA, Dranger P, Armour C, Elhai JD (2015) The relationship between rumination, PTSD, and depression symptoms. J Affect Disord, 180:116-121.
• Rosenberg AR, Bradford MC, McCauley E, Curtis JR, Wolfe J, Baker KS, Yi-Frazier JP (2018) Promoting resilience in adolescents and young adults with cancer: Results from the PRISM randomized controlled trial. Cancer, 124:3909-3917.
• Savina S, Zaydiner B (2019) Cancer-Related Fatigue: Some Clinical Aspects. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs, 6:7-9.
• Seiler A, Jenewein J (2019) Resilience in Cancer Patients. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10:208.
• Sharpe L, Curran L, Butow P, Thewes B (2018) Fear of cancer recurrence and death anxiety. Psychooncology, 27:2559-2565.
• Su-kerb W (2014) Resilience and coping: the perspectives of cancer patients, family caregivers, and medical volunteers at Khampramong Monastery (Doctor of Philosophy Thesis) Monastery, Thailand.
• Teston EF, Fukumori EFC, Benedetti GMdS, Spigolon DN, Costa MAR, Marcon SS (2018). Feelings and difficulties experienced by cancer patients along the diagnostic and therapeutic itineraries. Escola Anna Nery, 22:1-8.
• Thomsen DK, Jensen AB, Jensen T, Mehlsen MY, Pedersen CG, Zachariae R (2013) Rumination, reflection and distress: an 8-month prospective study of colon-cancer patients. Cognitive Therapy And Research, 37:1262-1268.
• Tian J, Hong JS (2014) Assessment of the relationship between resilience and quality of life in patients with digestive cancer. World J Gastroenterol, 20:18439-18444.
• Tuncay T (2009) Genç Kanser Hastalarının Hastalık Anlarılarının Güçlendirme Yaklaşımı Temelinde Analizi. Journal of Society and Social Work, 20:69-87.
• Üzar-Özçetin YS, Hiçdurmaz D (2019) Effects of an Empowerment Program on Resilience and Posttraumatic Growth Levels of Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial. Cancer Nurs, 42:E1-E13.
• Weis J, Faller H (2012) Psychosocial issues of long-term cancer survivors. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz, 55:501-508.
• Yu, S.-H., Chen, S.-H., & Chang, K.-J. (2008). Rumination predicting depression and PTSD symptoms in postoperative breast cancer patients. Chinese Journal of Psychology, 50:289–302.
• Zhou W, Wan YH, Chen Q, Qiu YR, Luo XM (2018) Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Cancer-Related Fatigue in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pain Symptom Manage, 55: 737-744.