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Prenatal Bağlanmayı Destekleyici Bakım Uygulamaları

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 805 - 819, 25.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.883104

Abstract

Anne-bebek bağlanması, gebelik döneminden başlayıp, doğum ve doğum sonu dönemde devam eden bir süreçtir. Kadın sağlığı
alanında çalışan hemşire ve ebelerin prenatal bağlanmanın desteklenmesinde önemli rol ve sorumlulukları bulunmaktadır. Bu
derleme ile literatür ışığında prenatal bağlanmayı değerlendiren ölçüm araçlarının, etkileyen faktörlerin ve destekleyici kanıta
dayalı uygulamaların sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan literatür incelemesi sonucunda; gebelerde anne-bebek bağlanmasını
değerlendiren ve Türkçe geçerlik-güvenirliği yapılmış olan “Maternal-Fetal Bağlanma Ölçeği”, “Prenatal Bağlanma Envanteri”,
“Anne Doğum Öncesi Bağlanma Ölçeği” ve “Prenatal Bağlanma Ölçeği”ne ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmalarda prenatal bağlanmayı
etkileyen pek çok bireysel ve çevresel faktörün olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ulaşılabilen deneysel çalışmalarda prenatal bağlanmayı; fetal
hareket sayımı, leopold manevrası uygulaması, gebe eğitimi ve danışmanlık, baba eğitimi, doğuma hazırlık eğitimi, gevşeme
egzersizi ve rehberli imgeleme, bilişsel davranışçı terapiler, yoga ve meditasyon uygulamalarının desteklediği, müzik dinletmenin
ise etkilemediği gösterilmiştir. Hemşirelerin düşük prenatal bağlanma riski olan gebelere ucuz ve non-invaziv olan bu uygulamalar
hakkında eğitim ve danışmanlık vermesi, gebenin kendisi için seçeceği en uygun yöntemi kullanması için desteklemesi
önerilmektedir. Ayrıca ülkemizde prenatal bağlanmada kanıta dayalı uygulamaların etkinliğini test eden çalışmaların sınırlı
olduğu, daha fazla randomize kontrollü çalışmalara gereksinim olduğu saptanmıştır.

Supporting Institution

Bulunmamaktadır.

References

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  • Akbarzade M, Setodeh S, Sharif F, Zare N. (2014) The effect of fathers’ training regarding attachment skills on maternal-fetal attachments among primigravida women: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery, 2(4):259-267.
  • Akbarzadeh M, Moattari M, Abootalebi M. (2017) Effect of the BASNEF model on maternal-fetal attachment in the pregnant women referring to the prenatal clinics affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Neonatology, 8(3) doi: 10.22038/ijn.2017.20521.1229.
  • Alan Dikmen H, Çankaya S. (2018) Maternal obezitenin prenatal bağlanma üzerine etkisi. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2):118-123.
  • Alhusen JL, Hayat MJ, Borg L. (2020) A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, doi:10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0.
  • Azogh M, Shakiba M. (2018) The effect of cognitive behavioral training on maternal-fetal attachment in subsequent pregnancy following stillbirth. Hayat, 24(1):71-83.
  • Baghdari N, Sahebzad ES, Kheirkhah M, Azmoude E. (2016) The effects of pregnancy-adaptation training on maternal-fetal attachment and adaptation in pregnant women with a history of baby loss. Nurs Midwifery Stud, 5(2), e28949.
  • Baltacı N, Başer M. (2020) Riskli gebelerde yaşanan anksiyete, prenatal bağlanma ve hemşirenin rolü. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 13(3):206-212.
  • Bellieni CV, Ceccarelli D, Rossi F, Buonocore G, Maffei M, Perrone S et al. (2007) Is prenatal bonding enhanced by prenatal education courses? Minerva Ginocol, 59:125-129.
  • Celik M, Ergin A. (2020) The effect on pregnant women's prenatal attachment of a nursing practice using the first and second Leopold’s maneuvers. Jpn J Nurs Sci, 17:e12297.
  • Chang HC, Yu CH, Chen SY, Chen CH. (2015) The effects of music listening on psychosocial stress and maternal-fetal attachment during pregnancy. Complement Ther Med, 23(4):509-15.
  • Chang S, Park S, Chung C. (2004) Effect of Taegyo-focused prenatal education on maternal-fetal attachment and self-efficacy related to childbirth. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi, 34(8):1409-1415.
  • Condon JT. (1993) The assessment of antenatal emotional attachment: development of a questionnaire instrument. Br J Health Psychol, 66:167–183.
  • Cranley MS. (1981) Development of a tool for the measurement of maternal attachment during pregnancy. Nurs Res, 30(5):281-284.
  • Çıtak Bilgin N, Ak B, Ayhan F, Öztürk Koçyiğit F, Yorgun S, Topçuoğlu MA. (2020) Effects of childbirth education on prenatal adaptation, prenatal and maternal attachment. Anatol J Family Med, 3(2):128-135.
  • Çoban A, Saruhan A. (2005) Anne-bebek etkileşiminde hemşirenin rolü. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 21(2): 89-96.
  • Delaram M, Jafar-Zadeh L, Shams S. (2018) The effects of fetal movements counting on maternal-fetal attachment: a randomised controlled trial. J Clin Diagnostic Res, 12(5):28-31.
  • Demirkan LT, Tastan K, Dane Ş. (2020) Effectiveness of fetal movement counting and imagining fetus position to prenatal attachment and depressive symptoms in pregnant women in 24-28th gestational week. J Res Med Dent Sci, 8(4):184-188.
  • Duyan V, Kapısız SG, Yakut HI. (2013) Doğum Öncesi Bağlanma Envanteri’nin bir grup gebe üzerinde Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, 10:1609-1614.
  • Ekrami F, Mohammad-Alizadeh Charandabi S, Babapour Kheiroddin J, Mirghafourvand M. (2019) The effect of counselling on depression and anxiety of women with unplanned pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Community Ment Health J, 55(6):1047-1056.
  • Elkin N. (2015) Gebelerin prenatal bağlanma düzeyleri ve bunları etkileyen faktörler. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 24:230-236. Erkal Aksoy Y, Dereli Yılmaz S, Aslantekin F. (2016) Riskli gebeliklerde prenatal bağlanma ve sosyal destek. Türkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci, 1(3):163-169.
  • Gheibi Z, Abbaspour Z, Haghighyzadeh MH, Javadifar N. (2020) Effects of a mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting program on maternal-fetal attachment: a randomized controlled trial among Iranian pregnant women. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 41:101226 doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101226.
  • Golbasi Z, Ucar T, Tugut N. (2015) Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale. Jpn J Nurs Sci, 12:154-161.
  • Güney E, Ucar T. (2019) Effect of fetal movement counting on the maternal antenatal attachment. Jpn J Nurs Sci, 16(1):71-79.
  • Gürol A, Ejder Apay S, Sönmez T. (2020) Effects of the labour fear on the prenatal attachment and determination of the affecting factors. Arc Health Sci Res, 7(2): 137-45
  • Höbek Akarsu R, Rathfisch G. (2018) The effect of pregnancy yoga on the pregnant’s psychosocial health and prenatal attachment. IJTK, 17(4):732-740.
  • Höbek Akarsu R, Tuncay B, Yüzer Alsaç S. (2017). Anne-bebek bağlanmasında kanıta dayalı uygulamalar. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(4):275-279.
  • Jangjoo S, Lotfi R, Assareh M, Kabir K. (2019) Effect of counselling on maternal–fetal attachment in unwanted pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial. J Reprod Infant Psychol, doi: 10.1080/02646838.2019.1673891.
  • Karabulutlu Ö, Derya Beydağ K, Lazoğlu M. (2020) Prenatal attachment levels and affecting factors of pregnant women living in İstanbul and Kars. Kafkas J Med Sci, 10(1):24-31.
  • Kartal YA, Karaman T. (2018) Doğuma hazırlık eğitiminin gebelerde prenatal bağlanma ve depresyon riski üzerine etkisi. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni, 49(1):85-91.
  • Khalili Z, Navaee M, Shakiba M, Navidian A. (2020) The effect of a supportive-educational ıntervention on maternal-fetal attachment of pregnant women facing domestic violence: randomized controlled trial. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci, 14(1):e92070.
  • Kim M, Gim W. (2019) Development and effects of a loving-kindness and compassion meditation program to improve maternal-fetal attachment. Stress, 27(4):353-364.
  • Koç Özkan T, Şimşek Küçükkelepçe D, Aydın Özkan S. (2020) Gebelikte prenatal bağlanma ve vücut algısı arasındaki ilişki ve etkileyen faktörler. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1):49-54.
  • Koptur A, Güner Emül T . (2017). Fetüs ve yenidoğanda bağlanmanın iki yüzü: maternal ve paternal bağlanma . Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(3):138-152.
  • Kordi M, Fasanghari M, Asgharipour N, Esmaily H. (2016) Effect of guided imagery on maternal-fetal attachment in nulliparous women with unplanned pregnancy. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 4(4):723-731.
  • Küçükkaya B, Kahyaoğlu Süt H, Öz S, Altan Sarıkaya N. (2020) Gebelik döneminde çiftler arası uyum ve prenatal bağlanma arasındaki ilişki. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1):102-110.
  • Marzouk T, Nabil H. (2015) Effect of a training program about materna-fetal attachment skills on prenatal attachment among primigravida women. IOSR-JNHS, 4(1):70-75.
  • Mehran P, Simbar M, Shams J, Ramezani-Tehrani F, Nasiri N. (2013) History of perinatal loss and maternal–fetal attachment behaviors. Women Birth, 26: 185-9.
  • Mikhail MS, Freda MC, Merkatz RB, Polizzotto R, Mazloom E, Merkatz IR. (1991) The effect of fetal movement counting on maternal attachment to fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 165:988-991.
  • Mojahed S, Dafei M, Dehghani A, Shayegh Z. (2019) Evaluation of the effect of midwifery counseling with cognitive-behavioral approach on maternal-fetal attachment in the pregnant women with abortion history. J Adv Pharm Edu Res, 9(S2):119-125.
  • Mokaberian M, Dehghanpouri H, Faez N, Vosadi E. (2021) The effect of progressive muscle relaxation with imagery-based relaxation on the mental health and maternal-fetal attachment in women with a first unwanted pregnancy. Int J Health Stud, 7(1):11-16.
  • Muller ME. (1993) Development of the Prenatal Attachment Inventory. Western J Nurs Res, 15(2):199-211.
  • Mutlu C, Yorbik Ö, Tanju IA, Çelikel F, Sezer RG. (2015) Doğum öncesi, doğum sırası ve doğum sonrası etkenlerin annenin bağlanması ile ilişkisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 16: 442-50.
  • Nacar G, Timur Taşhan S. (2019) Gebelerin uyku özelliklerinin prenatal bağlanma ile ilişkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 28:164-171.
  • Nishikawa M, Sakakibara H. (2013) Effect of nursing intervention program using abdominal palpation of Leopold’s maneuvers on maternal-fetal attachment. Reprod Health,10:12. doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-10-12.
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Care Practices Supporting Prenatal Attachment

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 805 - 819, 25.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.883104

Abstract

Mother-baby attachment is a process that starts from the pregnancy period and continues in the birth and postpartum period.
Nurses working in the field of women’s health and midwives have important roles and responsibilities in supporting prenatal
attachment. In this review, it is aimed to present the measurement tools, influencing factors and supporting evidence-based
applications that evaluate prenatal attachment in the light of literature. As a result of the literature review; “Maternal-Fetal
Attachment Scale”, “Prenatal Attachment Inventory”, “Maternal Prenatal Attachment Scale” and “Prenatal Attachment Scale”,
which evaluated mother-infant attachment in pregnant women and whose validity and reliability were made in Turkish, were
reached. In these studies, it was revealed that many individual and environmental factors of the pregnant woman affected
prenatal attachment. In experimental studies available, it was shown that fetal movement count, leopold maneuver practice,
pregnancy training and counseling, father training, birth preparation training, relaxation exercise and guided imagery, cognitive
behavioral therapies, yoga and meditation practices support prenatal attachment, while listening to music does not affect it.
Nurses are recommended to provide training and counseling to pregnant women with low prenatal attachment risk on these
cheap and non-invasive practices, and to support the pregnant woman to use the most appropriate method for her. In addition, it
was found that studies testing the effectiveness of evidence-based practices in prenatal attachment are limited in our country and
more randomized controlled studies are needed.

References

  • Abasi E, Tafazzoli M, Esmaily H, Hasanabadi H. (2013) The effect of maternal–fetal attachment education on maternal mental health. Turk J Med Sci, 43:815-820.
  • Akbarzade M, Setodeh S, Sharif F, Zare N. (2014) The effect of fathers’ training regarding attachment skills on maternal-fetal attachments among primigravida women: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery, 2(4):259-267.
  • Akbarzadeh M, Moattari M, Abootalebi M. (2017) Effect of the BASNEF model on maternal-fetal attachment in the pregnant women referring to the prenatal clinics affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Neonatology, 8(3) doi: 10.22038/ijn.2017.20521.1229.
  • Alan Dikmen H, Çankaya S. (2018) Maternal obezitenin prenatal bağlanma üzerine etkisi. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2):118-123.
  • Alhusen JL, Hayat MJ, Borg L. (2020) A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, doi:10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0.
  • Azogh M, Shakiba M. (2018) The effect of cognitive behavioral training on maternal-fetal attachment in subsequent pregnancy following stillbirth. Hayat, 24(1):71-83.
  • Baghdari N, Sahebzad ES, Kheirkhah M, Azmoude E. (2016) The effects of pregnancy-adaptation training on maternal-fetal attachment and adaptation in pregnant women with a history of baby loss. Nurs Midwifery Stud, 5(2), e28949.
  • Baltacı N, Başer M. (2020) Riskli gebelerde yaşanan anksiyete, prenatal bağlanma ve hemşirenin rolü. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 13(3):206-212.
  • Bellieni CV, Ceccarelli D, Rossi F, Buonocore G, Maffei M, Perrone S et al. (2007) Is prenatal bonding enhanced by prenatal education courses? Minerva Ginocol, 59:125-129.
  • Celik M, Ergin A. (2020) The effect on pregnant women's prenatal attachment of a nursing practice using the first and second Leopold’s maneuvers. Jpn J Nurs Sci, 17:e12297.
  • Chang HC, Yu CH, Chen SY, Chen CH. (2015) The effects of music listening on psychosocial stress and maternal-fetal attachment during pregnancy. Complement Ther Med, 23(4):509-15.
  • Chang S, Park S, Chung C. (2004) Effect of Taegyo-focused prenatal education on maternal-fetal attachment and self-efficacy related to childbirth. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi, 34(8):1409-1415.
  • Condon JT. (1993) The assessment of antenatal emotional attachment: development of a questionnaire instrument. Br J Health Psychol, 66:167–183.
  • Cranley MS. (1981) Development of a tool for the measurement of maternal attachment during pregnancy. Nurs Res, 30(5):281-284.
  • Çıtak Bilgin N, Ak B, Ayhan F, Öztürk Koçyiğit F, Yorgun S, Topçuoğlu MA. (2020) Effects of childbirth education on prenatal adaptation, prenatal and maternal attachment. Anatol J Family Med, 3(2):128-135.
  • Çoban A, Saruhan A. (2005) Anne-bebek etkileşiminde hemşirenin rolü. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 21(2): 89-96.
  • Delaram M, Jafar-Zadeh L, Shams S. (2018) The effects of fetal movements counting on maternal-fetal attachment: a randomised controlled trial. J Clin Diagnostic Res, 12(5):28-31.
  • Demirkan LT, Tastan K, Dane Ş. (2020) Effectiveness of fetal movement counting and imagining fetus position to prenatal attachment and depressive symptoms in pregnant women in 24-28th gestational week. J Res Med Dent Sci, 8(4):184-188.
  • Duyan V, Kapısız SG, Yakut HI. (2013) Doğum Öncesi Bağlanma Envanteri’nin bir grup gebe üzerinde Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, 10:1609-1614.
  • Ekrami F, Mohammad-Alizadeh Charandabi S, Babapour Kheiroddin J, Mirghafourvand M. (2019) The effect of counselling on depression and anxiety of women with unplanned pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Community Ment Health J, 55(6):1047-1056.
  • Elkin N. (2015) Gebelerin prenatal bağlanma düzeyleri ve bunları etkileyen faktörler. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 24:230-236. Erkal Aksoy Y, Dereli Yılmaz S, Aslantekin F. (2016) Riskli gebeliklerde prenatal bağlanma ve sosyal destek. Türkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci, 1(3):163-169.
  • Gheibi Z, Abbaspour Z, Haghighyzadeh MH, Javadifar N. (2020) Effects of a mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting program on maternal-fetal attachment: a randomized controlled trial among Iranian pregnant women. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 41:101226 doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101226.
  • Golbasi Z, Ucar T, Tugut N. (2015) Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale. Jpn J Nurs Sci, 12:154-161.
  • Güney E, Ucar T. (2019) Effect of fetal movement counting on the maternal antenatal attachment. Jpn J Nurs Sci, 16(1):71-79.
  • Gürol A, Ejder Apay S, Sönmez T. (2020) Effects of the labour fear on the prenatal attachment and determination of the affecting factors. Arc Health Sci Res, 7(2): 137-45
  • Höbek Akarsu R, Rathfisch G. (2018) The effect of pregnancy yoga on the pregnant’s psychosocial health and prenatal attachment. IJTK, 17(4):732-740.
  • Höbek Akarsu R, Tuncay B, Yüzer Alsaç S. (2017). Anne-bebek bağlanmasında kanıta dayalı uygulamalar. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(4):275-279.
  • Jangjoo S, Lotfi R, Assareh M, Kabir K. (2019) Effect of counselling on maternal–fetal attachment in unwanted pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial. J Reprod Infant Psychol, doi: 10.1080/02646838.2019.1673891.
  • Karabulutlu Ö, Derya Beydağ K, Lazoğlu M. (2020) Prenatal attachment levels and affecting factors of pregnant women living in İstanbul and Kars. Kafkas J Med Sci, 10(1):24-31.
  • Kartal YA, Karaman T. (2018) Doğuma hazırlık eğitiminin gebelerde prenatal bağlanma ve depresyon riski üzerine etkisi. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni, 49(1):85-91.
  • Khalili Z, Navaee M, Shakiba M, Navidian A. (2020) The effect of a supportive-educational ıntervention on maternal-fetal attachment of pregnant women facing domestic violence: randomized controlled trial. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci, 14(1):e92070.
  • Kim M, Gim W. (2019) Development and effects of a loving-kindness and compassion meditation program to improve maternal-fetal attachment. Stress, 27(4):353-364.
  • Koç Özkan T, Şimşek Küçükkelepçe D, Aydın Özkan S. (2020) Gebelikte prenatal bağlanma ve vücut algısı arasındaki ilişki ve etkileyen faktörler. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1):49-54.
  • Koptur A, Güner Emül T . (2017). Fetüs ve yenidoğanda bağlanmanın iki yüzü: maternal ve paternal bağlanma . Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(3):138-152.
  • Kordi M, Fasanghari M, Asgharipour N, Esmaily H. (2016) Effect of guided imagery on maternal-fetal attachment in nulliparous women with unplanned pregnancy. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 4(4):723-731.
  • Küçükkaya B, Kahyaoğlu Süt H, Öz S, Altan Sarıkaya N. (2020) Gebelik döneminde çiftler arası uyum ve prenatal bağlanma arasındaki ilişki. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1):102-110.
  • Marzouk T, Nabil H. (2015) Effect of a training program about materna-fetal attachment skills on prenatal attachment among primigravida women. IOSR-JNHS, 4(1):70-75.
  • Mehran P, Simbar M, Shams J, Ramezani-Tehrani F, Nasiri N. (2013) History of perinatal loss and maternal–fetal attachment behaviors. Women Birth, 26: 185-9.
  • Mikhail MS, Freda MC, Merkatz RB, Polizzotto R, Mazloom E, Merkatz IR. (1991) The effect of fetal movement counting on maternal attachment to fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 165:988-991.
  • Mojahed S, Dafei M, Dehghani A, Shayegh Z. (2019) Evaluation of the effect of midwifery counseling with cognitive-behavioral approach on maternal-fetal attachment in the pregnant women with abortion history. J Adv Pharm Edu Res, 9(S2):119-125.
  • Mokaberian M, Dehghanpouri H, Faez N, Vosadi E. (2021) The effect of progressive muscle relaxation with imagery-based relaxation on the mental health and maternal-fetal attachment in women with a first unwanted pregnancy. Int J Health Stud, 7(1):11-16.
  • Muller ME. (1993) Development of the Prenatal Attachment Inventory. Western J Nurs Res, 15(2):199-211.
  • Mutlu C, Yorbik Ö, Tanju IA, Çelikel F, Sezer RG. (2015) Doğum öncesi, doğum sırası ve doğum sonrası etkenlerin annenin bağlanması ile ilişkisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 16: 442-50.
  • Nacar G, Timur Taşhan S. (2019) Gebelerin uyku özelliklerinin prenatal bağlanma ile ilişkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 28:164-171.
  • Nishikawa M, Sakakibara H. (2013) Effect of nursing intervention program using abdominal palpation of Leopold’s maneuvers on maternal-fetal attachment. Reprod Health,10:12. doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-10-12.
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There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Review
Authors

Gamze Teskereci 0000-0003-0298-9716

Aysun Ünal 0000-0001-5184-0008

Nazlı Özbek This is me 0000-0003-0836-1313

Bedia Koçak This is me 0000-0001-6895-0625

Publication Date December 25, 2021
Acceptance Date May 5, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 13 Issue: 4

Cite

AMA Teskereci G, Ünal A, Özbek N, Koçak B. Prenatal Bağlanmayı Destekleyici Bakım Uygulamaları. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. December 2021;13(4):805-819. doi:10.18863/pgy.883104

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