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Removal of Hazardous Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Green Citrus Mold (Penicillium digitatum)@Chitosan Hydrogel Beads

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 89 - 101, 10.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13880030

Abstract

Objective: This research focuses on the novel technique of using green citrus mould (GCM), namely Penicillium digitatum, in conjunction with chitosan (Ctsn) as a composite to extract Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solutions and the composite-dye interactions were assessed analytically.
Methods: FT-IR and EDX were used to analyze the chemical characteristics of the adsorbent surface. SEM was used to visualize surface morphology. Kinetic studies were carried out for the removal of MB dye from aqueous solution with the synthesized biosorbent, equilibrium isotherms were derived and adsorption mechanism was investigated. The isotherm parameters of biosorption were determined using the most widely used adsorption models.
Results: Qmax value of Green Citrus Mold @Chitosan Hydrogel Beads (GCM@Ctsn) from Langmuir isotherm parameters was calculated as 60.24 mg/g. The dosage of adsorbent that performed optimally was found to be 2 g/L. The pH range, between pH 6 and pH 8, was shown to be the optimal range for attaining optimum removal effectiveness. The thermodynamic data indicated that an exothermic, spontaneous reaction occurred between the MB molecules and the composite.
Conclusion: The results highlight the feasibility and usefulness of this environmentally friendly water treatment method by demonstrating its effectiveness.

References

  • 1. Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Chang JS, Govindwar SP. Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes: A review. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng. 2011;42(1):138–157.
  • 2. Pereira L, Alves M. Dyes—environmental impact and remediation. Environ Protec Strat Sustain Develop. 2012;111-162.
  • 3. Satitsri S, Muanprasat C. Chitin and chitosan derivatives as biomaterial resources for biological and biomedical applications. Molecules. 2020;25(24):5961.
  • 4. Shahbaz U, Basharat S, Javed U, Bibi A, Yu XB. Chitosan: a multipurpose polymer in food industry. Polym Bull. 2023;80(4):3547–3569.
  • 5. Strnad S, Zemljič LF. Cellulose–chitosan functional biocomposites. Polymers. 2023;15(2):425.
  • 6. Perumal S, Atchudan R, Yoon DH, Joo J. Cheong W. Spherical chitosan/gelatin hydrogel particles for removal of multiple heavy metal ions from wastewater. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2019;58:9900–9907.
  • 7. Thambiliyagodage C, Jayanetti M, Mendis A, et al. Recent advances in chitosan based applications. a review. Materials. 2023;16(5):2073.
  • 8. Bhatta UK. Alternative management approaches of citrus diseases caused by Penicillium digitatum (green mold) and Penicillium italicum (blue mold). Front Plant Sci. 2022;12:833328.
  • 9. Collivignarelli MC, Abbà A, Miino MC, Damiani S. Treatments for color removal from wastewater: State of the art. J Environ Manag. 2019;236:727–745.
  • 10. Garg N, Garg A, Mukherji S. Eco-friendly decolorization and degradation of reactive yellow 145 textile dye by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Thiosphaera pantotropha. J Environ Manag. 2020;263:110383.
  • 11. Shi F, Liu ZG, Li JL, et al. Alterations in microbial community during the remediation of a black-odorous stream by acclimated composite microorganisms. J Environ Sci. 2022;118:181–193.
  • 12. Singh J, Sharma P, Mishra V. Simultaneous removal of copper, nickel and zinc ions from aqueous phase by using mould. Inter J Environ Sci Technol. 2023;20(2):1937–1950.
  • 13. Lafi R, Montasser I, Hafiane A. Adsorption of congo red dye from aqueous solutions by prepared activated carbon with oxygen-containing functional groups and its regeneration. Adsorpt Sci Technol. 2019;37(1-2):160–181.
  • 14. Kurç MA, Güven K, Korcan E, Güven A, Malkoc S. Lead biosorption by a moderately halophile Penicillium sp. isolated from çamalti saltern in Turkey. Anadolu University J Sci Technol C-Life Sci Biotechnol. 2016;5(1):13-22.
  • 15. Ünlü CH, Pollet E, Avérous L. Original macromolecular architectures based on poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(ε-thiocaprolactone) grafted onto chitosan backbone. Inter J Mol Sci. 2018;19 (12):3799.
  • 16. Preethi S, Abarna K, Nithyasri M, et al. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan/zinc oxide nanocomposite for antibacterial activity onto cotton fabrics and dye degradation applications. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020;164:2779-2787.
  • 17. Dawood S, Sen TK, Phan C. Adsorption removal of Methylene Blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution by bio-char prepared from Eucalyptus sheathiana bark: kinetic, equilibrium, mechanism, thermodynamic and process design. Desal Water Treat. 2016;57(59):28964-28980.
  • 18. Langmuir I. The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. J Franklin Inst. 1917;183(1):102–105.
  • 19. Freundlich H. Uber die biosorption in lasungen. J Phy Chem. 1906;57:385–470.
  • 20. Scatchard G. The attractions of proteins for small molecules and ions. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1949;51(4):660–672.
  • 21. Dubinin MM, Radushkevich LV. Equation of the characteristic curve of activated charcoal. Proc Acad Sci USSR Phys Chem Sect. 1947; 55:331–333.
  • 22. Temkin M, Pyzhev V. Recent modifications to Langmuir isotherms. Acta Physiochim USSR. 1940;12:217–222.
  • 23. Parlayıcı Ş, Yar A, Pehlivan E, Avcı A. ZnO-TiO2 doped polyacrylonitrile nano fiber-Mat for elimination of Cr (VI) from polluted water. J Anal Sci Technol. 2019;10:1-12.
  • 24. Parlayıcı Ş, Pehlivan E. Fast decolorization of cationic dyes by nano-scale zero valent iron immobilized in sycamore tree seed pod fibers: kinetics and modelling study. Int J Phytorem. 2019;21(11):1130–1144.
  • 25. Parlayıcı Ş, Pehlivan E. An ecologically sustainable specific method using new magnetic alginate-biochar from acorn cups (Quercus coccifera L.) for decolorization of dyes. Polym Bull. 2023;80(10):11167–11191.
  • 26. Bhattacharya S, Bar N, Rajbansi B, Das SK. Adsorptive elimination of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by chitosan‐n SiO2 nanocomposite: Adsorption and desorption study, scale‐up design, statistical, and genetic algorithm modeling. Environ Prog Sustain Energy. 2024;43(2):e14282.
  • 27. Pehlivan E, Parlayıcı Ş. Fabrication of a novel biopolymer‐based nanocomposite (nanoTiO2‐chitosan‐plum kernel shell) and adsorption of cationic dyes. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. 2021;96(12):3378–3387.
  • 28. Tran HTT, Hoang LT, Tran HV. Electrochemical synthesis of graphene from waste discharged battery electrodes and its applications to preparation of graphene/fe3o4/chitosan‐nanosorbent for organic dyes removal. Z Anorgan Allg Chem. 2022;648(3):e202100313.
  • 29. Yan H, Li H, Yang H, Li A, Cheng R. Removal of various cationic dyes from aqueous solutions using a kind of fully biodegradable magnetic composite microsphere. Chem Eng J. 2013;223:402–411.
  • 30. Zein R, Purnomo JS, Ramadhani P, Alif MF, Safni S. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) leaves biowaste as an effective and low-cost adsorbent for methylene blue dyes removal: isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics studies. Sep Sci Technol. 2022;57(15):2341–2357.
  • 31. Mashkoor F, Nasar A, Jeong C. Magnetized chitosan nanocomposite as an effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue and malachite green dyes. Biomass Conv Bioref. 2024;14:313–325.
  • 32. Ulu A, Alpaslan M, Gultek A, Ates B. Eco-friendly chitosan/κ-carrageenan membranes reinforced with activated bentonite for adsorption of methylene blue. Mater Chem Phys. 2022;278:125611.
  • 33. Çatlıoğlu F, Akay S, Turunç E, et al. Preparation and application of Fe-modified banana peel in the adsorption of methylene blue: process optimization using response surface methodology. Environ Nanotechnol Monit Manag. 2021;16:100517.

Removal of Hazardous Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Green Citrus Mold (Penicillium digitatum)@Chitosan Hydrogel Beads

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 89 - 101, 10.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13880030

Abstract

Objective: This research focuses on the novel technique of using green citrus mould (GCM), namely Penicillium digitatum, in conjunction with chitosan (Ctsn) as a composite to extract Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solutions and the composite-dye interactions were assessed analytically.
Methods: FT-IR and EDX were used to analyze the chemical characteristics of the adsorbent surface. SEM was used to visualize surface morphology. Kinetic studies were carried out for the removal of MB dye from aqueous solution with the synthesized biosorbent, equilibrium isotherms were derived and adsorption mechanism was investigated. The isotherm parameters of biosorption were determined using the most widely used adsorption models.
Results: Qmax value of Green Citrus Mold @Chitosan Hydrogel Beads (GCM@Ctsn) from Langmuir isotherm parameters was calculated as 60.24 mg/g. The dosage of adsorbent that performed optimally was found to be 2 g/L. The pH range, between pH 6 and pH 8, was shown to be the optimal range for attaining optimum removal effectiveness. The thermodynamic data indicated that an exothermic, spontaneous reaction occurred between the MB molecules and the composite.
Conclusion: The results highlight the feasibility and usefulness of this environmentally friendly water treatment method by demonstrating its effectiveness.

References

  • 1. Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Chang JS, Govindwar SP. Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes: A review. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng. 2011;42(1):138–157.
  • 2. Pereira L, Alves M. Dyes—environmental impact and remediation. Environ Protec Strat Sustain Develop. 2012;111-162.
  • 3. Satitsri S, Muanprasat C. Chitin and chitosan derivatives as biomaterial resources for biological and biomedical applications. Molecules. 2020;25(24):5961.
  • 4. Shahbaz U, Basharat S, Javed U, Bibi A, Yu XB. Chitosan: a multipurpose polymer in food industry. Polym Bull. 2023;80(4):3547–3569.
  • 5. Strnad S, Zemljič LF. Cellulose–chitosan functional biocomposites. Polymers. 2023;15(2):425.
  • 6. Perumal S, Atchudan R, Yoon DH, Joo J. Cheong W. Spherical chitosan/gelatin hydrogel particles for removal of multiple heavy metal ions from wastewater. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2019;58:9900–9907.
  • 7. Thambiliyagodage C, Jayanetti M, Mendis A, et al. Recent advances in chitosan based applications. a review. Materials. 2023;16(5):2073.
  • 8. Bhatta UK. Alternative management approaches of citrus diseases caused by Penicillium digitatum (green mold) and Penicillium italicum (blue mold). Front Plant Sci. 2022;12:833328.
  • 9. Collivignarelli MC, Abbà A, Miino MC, Damiani S. Treatments for color removal from wastewater: State of the art. J Environ Manag. 2019;236:727–745.
  • 10. Garg N, Garg A, Mukherji S. Eco-friendly decolorization and degradation of reactive yellow 145 textile dye by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Thiosphaera pantotropha. J Environ Manag. 2020;263:110383.
  • 11. Shi F, Liu ZG, Li JL, et al. Alterations in microbial community during the remediation of a black-odorous stream by acclimated composite microorganisms. J Environ Sci. 2022;118:181–193.
  • 12. Singh J, Sharma P, Mishra V. Simultaneous removal of copper, nickel and zinc ions from aqueous phase by using mould. Inter J Environ Sci Technol. 2023;20(2):1937–1950.
  • 13. Lafi R, Montasser I, Hafiane A. Adsorption of congo red dye from aqueous solutions by prepared activated carbon with oxygen-containing functional groups and its regeneration. Adsorpt Sci Technol. 2019;37(1-2):160–181.
  • 14. Kurç MA, Güven K, Korcan E, Güven A, Malkoc S. Lead biosorption by a moderately halophile Penicillium sp. isolated from çamalti saltern in Turkey. Anadolu University J Sci Technol C-Life Sci Biotechnol. 2016;5(1):13-22.
  • 15. Ünlü CH, Pollet E, Avérous L. Original macromolecular architectures based on poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(ε-thiocaprolactone) grafted onto chitosan backbone. Inter J Mol Sci. 2018;19 (12):3799.
  • 16. Preethi S, Abarna K, Nithyasri M, et al. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan/zinc oxide nanocomposite for antibacterial activity onto cotton fabrics and dye degradation applications. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020;164:2779-2787.
  • 17. Dawood S, Sen TK, Phan C. Adsorption removal of Methylene Blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution by bio-char prepared from Eucalyptus sheathiana bark: kinetic, equilibrium, mechanism, thermodynamic and process design. Desal Water Treat. 2016;57(59):28964-28980.
  • 18. Langmuir I. The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. J Franklin Inst. 1917;183(1):102–105.
  • 19. Freundlich H. Uber die biosorption in lasungen. J Phy Chem. 1906;57:385–470.
  • 20. Scatchard G. The attractions of proteins for small molecules and ions. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1949;51(4):660–672.
  • 21. Dubinin MM, Radushkevich LV. Equation of the characteristic curve of activated charcoal. Proc Acad Sci USSR Phys Chem Sect. 1947; 55:331–333.
  • 22. Temkin M, Pyzhev V. Recent modifications to Langmuir isotherms. Acta Physiochim USSR. 1940;12:217–222.
  • 23. Parlayıcı Ş, Yar A, Pehlivan E, Avcı A. ZnO-TiO2 doped polyacrylonitrile nano fiber-Mat for elimination of Cr (VI) from polluted water. J Anal Sci Technol. 2019;10:1-12.
  • 24. Parlayıcı Ş, Pehlivan E. Fast decolorization of cationic dyes by nano-scale zero valent iron immobilized in sycamore tree seed pod fibers: kinetics and modelling study. Int J Phytorem. 2019;21(11):1130–1144.
  • 25. Parlayıcı Ş, Pehlivan E. An ecologically sustainable specific method using new magnetic alginate-biochar from acorn cups (Quercus coccifera L.) for decolorization of dyes. Polym Bull. 2023;80(10):11167–11191.
  • 26. Bhattacharya S, Bar N, Rajbansi B, Das SK. Adsorptive elimination of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by chitosan‐n SiO2 nanocomposite: Adsorption and desorption study, scale‐up design, statistical, and genetic algorithm modeling. Environ Prog Sustain Energy. 2024;43(2):e14282.
  • 27. Pehlivan E, Parlayıcı Ş. Fabrication of a novel biopolymer‐based nanocomposite (nanoTiO2‐chitosan‐plum kernel shell) and adsorption of cationic dyes. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. 2021;96(12):3378–3387.
  • 28. Tran HTT, Hoang LT, Tran HV. Electrochemical synthesis of graphene from waste discharged battery electrodes and its applications to preparation of graphene/fe3o4/chitosan‐nanosorbent for organic dyes removal. Z Anorgan Allg Chem. 2022;648(3):e202100313.
  • 29. Yan H, Li H, Yang H, Li A, Cheng R. Removal of various cationic dyes from aqueous solutions using a kind of fully biodegradable magnetic composite microsphere. Chem Eng J. 2013;223:402–411.
  • 30. Zein R, Purnomo JS, Ramadhani P, Alif MF, Safni S. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) leaves biowaste as an effective and low-cost adsorbent for methylene blue dyes removal: isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics studies. Sep Sci Technol. 2022;57(15):2341–2357.
  • 31. Mashkoor F, Nasar A, Jeong C. Magnetized chitosan nanocomposite as an effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue and malachite green dyes. Biomass Conv Bioref. 2024;14:313–325.
  • 32. Ulu A, Alpaslan M, Gultek A, Ates B. Eco-friendly chitosan/κ-carrageenan membranes reinforced with activated bentonite for adsorption of methylene blue. Mater Chem Phys. 2022;278:125611.
  • 33. Çatlıoğlu F, Akay S, Turunç E, et al. Preparation and application of Fe-modified banana peel in the adsorption of methylene blue: process optimization using response surface methodology. Environ Nanotechnol Monit Manag. 2021;16:100517.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Şerife Parlayıcı 0000-0003-2069-7477

Erol Pehlivan 0000-0003-3960-6790

Publication Date October 10, 2024
Submission Date August 1, 2024
Acceptance Date September 3, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 4 Issue: 4

Cite

EndNote Parlayıcı Ş, Pehlivan E (October 1, 2024) Removal of Hazardous Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Green Citrus Mold (Penicillium digitatum)@Chitosan Hydrogel Beads. Pharmata 4 4 89–101.

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