Frigce’de Mezar ve Mezar Yapılarının Adlandırılması Üzerine

Year 2016, Volume: Suppl. 1, 122 - 133, 31.08.2016

Alexandru Avram

Abstract

Yazar, makalesinin ilk bölümüne “mezar” anlamına
geldiğini düşündüğü, Eski Frigce (EFr) veba = Yeni Frig­­ce (YFr) ουεβα sözcüğünü yorumlayarak
başlamaktadır (cf. Lubotsky 1997, 127) ve bu yorumu için YFr 30, 48, 92 nolu
yazıtları ve Nakoleia’dan yayımlanmamış bir altarı kanıt olarak göstermektedir.
Henüz yayımlanmayan bu yazıt bir cesedi (?) mezar yerine koymak ile ilişkili
olup yazıtın ilk bölümü (protasis) “her kim bu yere bir başka mezar koyarsa”
anlamına gelmelidir. Yazara göre, Vezirhan’da bulunan EFr yazı­tının apodosis bölümündeki
(Neumann 1997, B-05) veban ituv ifadesi, Gorbachov 2008, 12’de önerildiği gibi
“weban olsun” şeklinde değil, “mezara girsin” diğer bir deyişle “ölsün”
şeklinde tercüme edil­melidir. EFr veba = YFr ουεβα (mezar, aşağı yukarı
Yunanca’daki τάφος ya da τύμβος’a denk gelmektedir) söz­cü­ğü­nün
anlamı, (Yunanca μνῆμα ya da μνημεῖον’a eşdeğerdir), daha çok
tam anlamıyla bir mezar yapı­sını ifade eden ve bir anma düşüncesini de içeren κνουμαν sözcüğünden bir parça
ayrılmaktadır. Makalenin ikinci bölümünde yazar, mezar mimarisi ile ilişkili
olan eski ve yeni Frigce terimleri yorum­la­mak­ta ve veba/ουεβα ve κνουμα’dan başka, mezar yapısına
işaret eden μεμαρια (= memoria),
mrotis/ μροσσας, manka/μανκα (= στήλη, titulus), meka (= ?), detoun
(olasılıkla ayrıca andetoun)/δετο(υ)ν (= θῆμα, ἀνάθημα?), ayrıca belki iman (= ?) gibi sözcükleri de
tespit etmektektedir. Diğer yandan yazar, soro-/σορο- (= σορός, ‘lahit’) ve θαλαμ- (= θαλάμη, ‘mezar odası’) gibi başka
dilden alınmış sözcükleri ya da mezar yapı­sına ait bölümleri ifade eden τεαμα/ατεαμα (= θέμα?), σαυναμα (= ‘temel’ ya da ‘zemin’?)
and ακροδμα (= ‘üst
kısım, olasılıkla ‘çatı’) gibi pek çok teknik sözcüğü de birbirinden ayırt
etmektedir. Mezar yeri metin­lerde koro-/κορο- (= χῶρος, χωρίον, τόπος, ayrıca bkz. bileşik
sözcük porkoro-) ya da κορουμαν olarak
geç­mek­tedir. Κορουμαν’ın bir
bölümünden ise περβεδα (= ?)
olarak bahsedilmektedir.

Keywords

Frigce, Nakoleia, Vezirhan, mezar yapıları

Zur Bezeichnung des Grabes und der Grabanlagen im Phrygischen

Abstract

The author starts by commenting on the word OPhr. veba
= NPhr. ουεβα, which
he con­siders to mean ‘grave’ (cf. Lubotsky 1997, 127). He adduces as NPhr.
occurrences the inscriptions nos. 30, 48, 92, as well as an unpublished altar
from Nacoleia (cf. note 16). In this unedited in­scription we have to do with
an interdiction to add a grave (ουεβα) to the funerary plot (κορο[υ]μαν, new word) and the meaning
of the first part (protasis) of the course would consequently be ‘whoever
consacrates (i.e. adds) a (i.e. another) grave to this plot’. In the apodosis
of the OPhr. inscription from Ve­zir­han (Neumann 1997 = B-05) veban ituv
should be translated as ‘may he go in the grave’, i.e. ‘may he die’, and not as
‘may he become weban’, as suggested in Gorbachov 2008, 102. The meaning of
OPhr. veba = NPhr. ουεβα ‘grave’
(corresponding more or less to Greek τάφος or τύμβος) slightly differs from
that of κνουμαν
(corresponding to Greek μνῆμα or μνημεῖον), that designates rather the funerary monument
attesting the grave proper and also contains the idea of remembrance. In the
second part of the paper the author comments on several OPhr. and APhr. terms
pertaining to funerary architecture. Besides veba/ουεβα and κνουμαν he identifies as terms
designating funerary monu­ments μεμαρια (= memoria), mrotis/μροσσας, manka/μανκα (= στήλη, titulus), meka (= ?), detoun
(possibly also andetoun)/δετο(υ)ν (= θῆμα, ἀνάθημα?), perhaps also iman (= ?). On the other hand, he
dis­tinguishes as technical terms the loanwords soro-/σορο- (= σορός, ‘sarcophagus’) and θαλαμ- (= θαλάμη, ‘funerary chamber’), as
well as several words designating just parts of the funerary monu­ment: τεαμα/ατεαμα (= θέμα?), σαυναμα (= ‘foundation’ or
‘socle’?) and ακροδμα (=
‘upper part’, possibly ‘roof’). The plot belonging to a grave is mentioned as koro-/κορο- (= χῶρος, χωρίον, τόπος, see also the compound porkoro-)
or κορουμαν. A part
of a κορουμαν appears
to have been referred to as περβεδα (= ?).

Keywords

Phrygian, Nacoleia, Vezirhan, funerary monuments

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