Research Article
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The analysis of the effects on economic development of economic integrations: Romania, Bulgaria and Croatia

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 152 - 166, 22.06.2020

Abstract

On the one hand while the
globalization process accelerated in the world economy, on the other hand
regional integrations accelerated. While globalization has come to the
forefront in some matters, regional blocks have become more important in some
matters too. Globalization has contributed significantly to the acceleration of
the growth processes of countries. Global competition has encouraged countries
having difficulties to compete alone to create regional blocs. Regional
integration has given countries considerable economic and political advantages
in many areas. Economic integration can be defined as the union formed by the
free circulation of goods and services among the countries involved in
integration, the elimination of barriers to trade and the creation of a common
market. One of the most important and most successful of regional integrations,
which is based on a geographical basis, is the European Union. Countries that
are members to the EU in the last enlargement process have different economic
conditions than the current EU members in terms of development level. In this
context, it is targeted that the economic integration is theoretically analyzed
at first. Secondly it is aimed to introduced the benefits of economic
integration in terms of the economic development and global gains of Romania,
Bulgaria and Croatia that are new members of the EU. According to the results
of the analysis, it has been reached to a better position in global competition
in all three countries. In addition, it has been observed that Croatia has
improved in all of 10 development indicators while Bulgaria and Romania have
improved in 8 of 10 development indicators discussed in the research.

References

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  • Badinger, H. (2005). “Growth effects of economic Integration: Evidence from the EU member states”, Review of World Economics/Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 141(1) (Apr.,2005), 50-78.
  • Balassa, B. (1994). The Theory of Economic Integration: An Introduction. In: Nelsen B.F., Stubb A.CG. (eds) The European Union. London: Palgrave.
  • Basnet, H. C., ve Pradhan, G. (2017). “Regional economic integration in Mercosur: The role of real and financial sectors”, Review of development finance, 7(2), 107-119.
  • Bayraktutan, Y. ve Solmaz, A. R. (2018). “Kutuplaşma ve iktisadi bütünleşme: Avrupa Birliği örneği”, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(57), 510-518.
  • Behrens, K., Gaigné, C., Ottaviano, G. I., ve Thisse, J. F. (2007). “Countries, regions and trade: On the welfare impacts of economic integration”, European Economic Review, 51(5), 1277-1301.
  • Bergstrand, J. H., Larch, M., ve Yotov, Y. V. (2015). “Economic integration agreements, border effects, and distance elasticities in the gravity equation”, European Economic Review, 78, 307-327.
  • Cuervo-Cazurra, A., ve Un, C. A. (2007). “Regional economic integration and R&D investment”, Research Policy, 36(2), 227-246.
  • Eurostat, (2020a), Erişim Adresi: https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu /nui/show.do?dataset=ext_lt_intratrd&lang=en, İndirilme Tarihi: 11 Nisan 2020.
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  • Gong, Chi and Kim, Soyoung (2018). “Regional business cycle synchronization in emerging and developing countries: Regional or global integration? Trade or financial integration?”, Journal of International Money and Finance, 84 (2018), 42–57.
  • Haller, Hans H. ve Ioannides, Yannis M. (2001). “Propaedeutics of strategic theories of economic integration”, Economics Letters, 70 (2001), 215–221.
  • Holod, D. ve Reed, R. III, (2004). "Regional spillovers, economic growth, and the effects of economic integration," Economics Letters, 85(1), 35-42.
  • Karluk, R. (2002). Uluslararası Ekonomik, Mali ve Siyasal Kuruluşlar. (5. Baskı). Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi.
  • Kone, S. (2012). “Is economic integration between developing countries a singular process?”, Journal of Economic Integration, 27(3) (September 2012), 386-409.
  • Rivera-Batiz, L. A., ve Romer, P. M. (1991). “Economic integration and endogenous growth”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 531-555.
  • Seyidoğlu, H. (1996). Uluslararası İktisat: Teori, Politika ve Uygulama. (Geliştirilmiş 11. Baskı), İstanbul: Güzem Yayınları.
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Ekonomik Entegrasyonların Ekonomik Kalkınma Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Analizi: Romanya, Bulgaristan ve Hırvatistan

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 152 - 166, 22.06.2020

Abstract

Dünya ekonomisinde bir
taraftan küreselleşme süreci hızlanırken diğer taraftan da bölgesel
entegrasyonlar ivme kazanmıştır. Bazı alanlarda küreselleşme öne çıkarken bazı
alanlarda da bölgesel bloklar daha önemli hale gelmeye başlamıştır.  Küreselleşme ülkelerin büyüme süreçlerinin
hızlanmasında önemli katkılar sağlamıştır. Küresel rekabet, tek başına rekabet
etmekte zorlanan ülkeleri bölgesel bloklar oluşturmaya teşvik etmiştir.
Bölgesel entegrasyonlar ülkelere ekonomik ve politik pek çok alanda ciddi avantajlar
sağlamıştır. Ekonomik entegrasyon, entegrasyona dahil olan ülkeler arasında mal
ve hizmetlerin serbest dolaşımının sağlanması, ticaret üzerindeki engellerin
kaldırılması ve ortak bir pazar oluşturulması suretiyle oluşturulan birlik
şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Coğrafi bir temele de dayanan bölgesel
entegrasyonların en önemli ve en başarılı olanlarından birisi Avrupa
Birliği’dir. Son genişleme sürecinde AB’ye üye olan ülkeler gelişmişlik
düzeyleri itibariyle mevcut üyelerden farklı bir ekonomik görünüme sahiptir. Bu
kapsamda öncelikle ekonomik entegrasyonun kuramsal olarak incelenmesi
hedeflenmektedir. Ardından da AB’nin yeni üyeleri olan Romanya, Bulgaristan ve
Hırvatistan’ın ekonomik gelişme ve küresel rekabette elde ettikleri kazanımlar
açısından ekonomik entegrasyonun yararlarının ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır.
Analiz sonuçlarına göre her üç ülkede de küresel rekabette daha iyi bir konuma
ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, Bulgaristan ve Romanya’nın araştırmada ele alınan 10
gelişmişlik göstergesinden 8’inde, Hırvatistan’ın ise bu göstergelerin
tamamında iyileştiği gözlenmiştir.

References

  • Atik, S. (2014). “Regional economic integrations in the post-Soviet Eurasia: An analysis on causes of inefficiency”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109(0), 1326-1335.
  • Badinger, H. (2005). “Growth effects of economic Integration: Evidence from the EU member states”, Review of World Economics/Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 141(1) (Apr.,2005), 50-78.
  • Balassa, B. (1994). The Theory of Economic Integration: An Introduction. In: Nelsen B.F., Stubb A.CG. (eds) The European Union. London: Palgrave.
  • Basnet, H. C., ve Pradhan, G. (2017). “Regional economic integration in Mercosur: The role of real and financial sectors”, Review of development finance, 7(2), 107-119.
  • Bayraktutan, Y. ve Solmaz, A. R. (2018). “Kutuplaşma ve iktisadi bütünleşme: Avrupa Birliği örneği”, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(57), 510-518.
  • Behrens, K., Gaigné, C., Ottaviano, G. I., ve Thisse, J. F. (2007). “Countries, regions and trade: On the welfare impacts of economic integration”, European Economic Review, 51(5), 1277-1301.
  • Bergstrand, J. H., Larch, M., ve Yotov, Y. V. (2015). “Economic integration agreements, border effects, and distance elasticities in the gravity equation”, European Economic Review, 78, 307-327.
  • Cuervo-Cazurra, A., ve Un, C. A. (2007). “Regional economic integration and R&D investment”, Research Policy, 36(2), 227-246.
  • Eurostat, (2020a), Erişim Adresi: https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu /nui/show.do?dataset=ext_lt_intratrd&lang=en, İndirilme Tarihi: 11 Nisan 2020.
  • Eurostat, (2020b), Erişim Adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, İndirilme Tarihi:11 Nisan 2020, URL: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=sdg_01_10,
  • https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=sdg_02_20, (11 Nisan 2020).
  • https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=sdg_03_10, (11 Nisan 2020).
  • https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin= 1&language=en&pcode=sdg_04_10, (11 Nisan 2020).
  • https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=sdg_05_30, (11 Nisan 2020).
  • https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=sdg_07_30, (11 Nisan 2020).
  • https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin= 1&language=en&pcode=sdg_07_40, (11 Nisan 2020).
  • https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin= 1&language=en&pcode=sdg_09_10, (11 Nisan 2020).
  • https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin= 1&language=en&pcode=sdg_10_41, (11 Nisan 2020).
  • https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/product/page/SDG_08_10, (16 Mayıs 2020.)
  • Ganuza, J.-J. ve Hauk, E. (2004). “Economic integration and corruption”, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 22 (2004), 1463-1484.
  • Gong, Chi and Kim, Soyoung (2018). “Regional business cycle synchronization in emerging and developing countries: Regional or global integration? Trade or financial integration?”, Journal of International Money and Finance, 84 (2018), 42–57.
  • Haller, Hans H. ve Ioannides, Yannis M. (2001). “Propaedeutics of strategic theories of economic integration”, Economics Letters, 70 (2001), 215–221.
  • Holod, D. ve Reed, R. III, (2004). "Regional spillovers, economic growth, and the effects of economic integration," Economics Letters, 85(1), 35-42.
  • Karluk, R. (2002). Uluslararası Ekonomik, Mali ve Siyasal Kuruluşlar. (5. Baskı). Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi.
  • Kone, S. (2012). “Is economic integration between developing countries a singular process?”, Journal of Economic Integration, 27(3) (September 2012), 386-409.
  • Rivera-Batiz, L. A., ve Romer, P. M. (1991). “Economic integration and endogenous growth”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 531-555.
  • Seyidoğlu, H. (1996). Uluslararası İktisat: Teori, Politika ve Uygulama. (Geliştirilmiş 11. Baskı), İstanbul: Güzem Yayınları.
  • Tang, D. (2016). “Has the Financial Integration affected the European Union (EU) trade with the New Member Countries from Central and Eastern Europe (CEEC) during 1994–2013?”, The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 13, 8-20.
  • TÜİK, (2018); http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=istendeks (http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2017-2018/05FullReport/The Global CompetitivenessReport2017%E2%80%932018.pdf)
  • TUİK, (2020). http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=istendeks (http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2019/competitiveness-rankings/?doing_wp_cron=1571300894. 9973149299621582031250)
  • Vaitsos, C. V. (1978). “Crisis in regional economic cooperation (integration) among developing countries: A survey”, World Development, 6(6), 719-769.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Murat Kürkcü

Publication Date June 22, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kürkcü, M. (2020). Ekonomik Entegrasyonların Ekonomik Kalkınma Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Analizi: Romanya, Bulgaristan ve Hırvatistan. Pamukkale İşletme Ve Bilişim Yönetimi Dergisi, 7(1), 152-166.

Pamukkale Journal of Business and Information Management