Research Article
Investigation of the Welding Capability of Aluminum and Titanium Alloy Sheets with IF Steel Sheets by Resistance Spot Welding Method
Abstract
In this study, spot weldability of 1 mm thick IF 180
deep drawn high strength steel with 1 mm thick commercial pure titanium (ASTM
Grade 2) and 5754 aluminum alloy was investigated. The welding operations were
performed with different welding currents (10 kA, 12.5 kA and 15 kA), welding
times (10, 15 and 20 cycles) and electrode forces (5 kN, 10 kN and 15 kN) by
electrical resistance spot welding. The welding nugget diameter, electrode
immersion depth, hardness and tensile-shear test results of the welded samples
were examined and the mechanical properties were compared. As a result of the
tests, it was seen that the welding parameters had a greater effect on the
mechanical properties of the IF 180 -5754 Al alloy welding pair than the IF 180
- Ti-Gr2 alloy pair. It has been determined that the welding current and
electrode force significantly affect the nugget diameter, electrode immersion
depth and the maximum tensile force in both welding pairs.
References
- 1. Wang S.Q., Patel V.K., Bhole S.D., Wenc G.D. and Chen D.L., “Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrasonic spot welded Al/Ti alloy joints”, Materials and Design, 78: 33–41, (2015)2. Kaya Y. and Kahraman N., “Titanyum sacların nokta direnç kaynağı ile birleştirilmesinde kaynak parametrelerinin çekirdek oluşumuna etkisi”, Journal of Polytechnic, 14: 263-270, (2011)3. Han L., Thornton M., Li D. and Shergold M., “Effect of governing metal thickness and stack orientation on weld quality and mechanical behaviour of resistance spot welding of AA5754 aluminium”, Materials and Design, 32: 2107–2114, (2011)4. Che Y., Wang L., Sun D., Li H. and Geng W., “Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Resistance Spot-Welded Steel/Aluminum Alloy Joints with Process”, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 27: 5532–5544, (2018)5. Kianersi D., Mostafaei A. and Amadeh A.A., “Resistance spot welding joints of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel sheets: Phase transformations, mechanical properties and microstructure characterizations”, Materials and Design, 61: 251–263, (2014)6. Pereira A.M., Ferreira J.M., Loureiro A., Costa J.D.M. and Bártolo P.J., “Effect of process parameters on the strength of resistance spot welds in 6082-T6 aluminium alloy”, Materials and Design, 31: 2454–2463, (2010)7. Vural M. and Akkus A., "On the resistance spot weldability of galvanized interstitial free steel sheets with austenitic stainless steel sheets", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 153-154: 1-6, (2004) 8. Santos A.P.R., Mota T.C., Segundo H.V.G., Almeida L.H., Araújo L.S. and Rocha A.C., “Texture, microstructure and anisotropic properties of IF-steels with different additions of titanium, niobium and phosphorus”, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 7: 203-402, (2018)9. Hoile S., “Processing and properties of mild interstitial free steels”, Materials Science and Technology, 16: 1079-1093, (2000)10. Campos C.A., Guerrero M., Colás R. and Garza R., “Weldability of Galvannealed Interstitial Free Steel”, ISIJ International, 42: 876-881, (2002) 11. ArcelorMittal Automotive Worldwide. “High strength IF steels”, https://automotive.arcelormittal.com /europe/products/HYTSS/IF/EN ,(03.05.2018)12. Hasanbaşoğlu A., “Direnç kaynak yöntemi ile birleştirilen IF çelikleri ile ostenitik paslanmaz çeliklerin kaynak kabiliyetlerinin belirlenmesi”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, (2005)13. Coşkun M.H., “Otomotiv endüstrisinde kullanılan IF 7114 ve DP 600 çelik sacların direnç nokta kaynağı (RSW) ve sürtünme karıştırma nokta kaynağı (FSSW) yöntemleri ile birleştirilmesi”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Fakültesi, (2009)14. Kanga J., Raoa H.M., Siglerb D.R. and Carlson B.E., “Tensile and Fatigue Behaviour of AA6022-T4 to IF Steel Resistance Spot Welds”, Procedia Structural Integrity, 5: 1425-1432, (2017)
- 15. Sun X., Stephens E.V., Khaleel M.A., Shao H. and Kimchi M., “Resistance Spot Welding of Aluminum Alloy to Steel with Transition Material-From Process to Performance”, Welding Journal, 83: 188-195, (2004)16. Satonaka S., Iwamoto C., Qui R. and Fujioka T., “Trends and new applications of spot welding for aluminium alloy sheets”, Welding International, 20: 858-864, (2006)17. Qiu R., Iwamoto C. and Satonaka S., “Interfacial Microstructure and Strength of Steel/Al Alloy Joints Welded by RSW with Cover Plate”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 209: 4186-4193, (2009)18. Kim J.-S., Kim I.-J. and Kim Y.-G., “Optimization of welding current waveform for dissimilar material with DP590 and Al5052 by Delta-spot welding process”, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 30: 2713–2721, (2016)19. Zhang W., Sun D., Han L. and Li Y., “Optimised design of electrode morphology for novel dissimilar resistance spot welding of aluminium alloy and galvanised high strength steel”, Materials and Design, 85: 461–470, (2015)20. Rao S.S., Chhibber R., Arora K.S. and Shome M., “Resistance spot welding of galvannealed high strength interstitial free steel”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 246: 252-261, (2017)21. Chakraborty G., Pal T.K. and Shome M., “Microstructure development in resistance spot welded galvannealed IF steel sheet”, Materials Science and Technology, 27: 382-386, (2011)22. Chen J., Yuan X., Hu Z., Sun C., Zhang Y. and Zhang Y., “Microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance-spot-welded joints for A5052 aluminum alloy and DP 600 steel”, Materials Characterization, 120: 45-52, (2016)23. Manladan S.M., Yusof F., Ramesh S.,Fadzil M., Luo Z. and Ao S., “A review on resistance spot welding of aluminum alloys”, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 90: 605-634, (2016)24. Hayat F., Demir B., Acarer M. and Aslanlar S., “Effect of weld time and weld current on the mechanical properties of resistance spot welded IF (DIN EN 10130-1999) steel”, Kovove Materialy, 47: 11-17, (2009)25. Zhou K. and Cai L., “Study on effect of electrode force on resistance spot welding process”, Journal of Applied Physics, 116: 1-7, (2014) 26. Cui L., Qiub R., Hou L.L., Shen Z. and Li Q., "Resistance spot welding between steel and aluminum alloy." 5th International Conference on Advanced Design and Manufacturing Engineering, Shenzhen, China, September 19-20, (2015)27. Safari M., 1 Mostaan H., Yadegari Kh. H. and Asgari D., “Effects of process parameters on tensile-shear strength and failure mode of resistance spot welds of AISI 201 stainless steel”, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 89: 1853–1863, (2017)28. Zhang H., Qiu X., Bai Y., Xing F., Yu H. and Shi Y., “Resistance spot welding macro characteristics of the dissimilar thickness dual phase steels”, Materials and Design, 63: 151–158, (2014)29. Satoh G., Lawrence Y. and Qiu Y.C., “Strength and microstructure of laser fusion-welded Ti–SS dissimilar material pair”, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 66: 469–479, (2013)
Nokta Direnç Kaynak Yöntemi ile Alüminyum ve Titanyum Alaşımı Sacların IF Çelik Saclarla Kaynak Kabiliyetinin Araştırılması
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, 1
mm kalınlığındaki yüksek mukavemetli ve derin çekilebilir IF 180 çeliğinin yine
1 mm kalınlığındaki ticari saf titanyum (ASTM Grade 2) ve 5754 alüminyum
alaşımı ile noktasal kaynak edilebilirliği araştırılmıştır. Kaynak işlemleri
elektrik direnç nokta kaynağı yöntemiyle farklı kaynak akımları (10 kA, 12,5 kA
ve 15 kA), kaynak süreleri (10, 15 ve 20 çevrim) ve elektrod kuvvetlerinde (5
kN, 10 kN ve 15 kN) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kaynaklı numunelerin kaynak çekirdek
çapı, elektrod dalma derinliği, sertlik ve çekme-makaslama testi sonuçları
incelenerek mekanik özellikleri irdelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kaynak
parametrelerinin IF 180 - 5754 Al alaşımı kaynak çiftinin mekanik özellikleri
üzerinde IF 180 – Ti-Gr2 alaşım çiftine göre daha büyük etkiye sahip olduğu
görülmüştür. Kaynak akımı ve elektrod kuvvetinin her iki kaynak çiftinde
çekirdek çapı, elektrod dalma derinliği ve maksimum çekme kuvvetini önemli
oranda etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.
References
- 1. Wang S.Q., Patel V.K., Bhole S.D., Wenc G.D. and Chen D.L., “Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrasonic spot welded Al/Ti alloy joints”, Materials and Design, 78: 33–41, (2015)2. Kaya Y. and Kahraman N., “Titanyum sacların nokta direnç kaynağı ile birleştirilmesinde kaynak parametrelerinin çekirdek oluşumuna etkisi”, Journal of Polytechnic, 14: 263-270, (2011)3. Han L., Thornton M., Li D. and Shergold M., “Effect of governing metal thickness and stack orientation on weld quality and mechanical behaviour of resistance spot welding of AA5754 aluminium”, Materials and Design, 32: 2107–2114, (2011)4. Che Y., Wang L., Sun D., Li H. and Geng W., “Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Resistance Spot-Welded Steel/Aluminum Alloy Joints with Process”, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 27: 5532–5544, (2018)5. Kianersi D., Mostafaei A. and Amadeh A.A., “Resistance spot welding joints of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel sheets: Phase transformations, mechanical properties and microstructure characterizations”, Materials and Design, 61: 251–263, (2014)6. Pereira A.M., Ferreira J.M., Loureiro A., Costa J.D.M. and Bártolo P.J., “Effect of process parameters on the strength of resistance spot welds in 6082-T6 aluminium alloy”, Materials and Design, 31: 2454–2463, (2010)7. Vural M. and Akkus A., "On the resistance spot weldability of galvanized interstitial free steel sheets with austenitic stainless steel sheets", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 153-154: 1-6, (2004) 8. Santos A.P.R., Mota T.C., Segundo H.V.G., Almeida L.H., Araújo L.S. and Rocha A.C., “Texture, microstructure and anisotropic properties of IF-steels with different additions of titanium, niobium and phosphorus”, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 7: 203-402, (2018)9. Hoile S., “Processing and properties of mild interstitial free steels”, Materials Science and Technology, 16: 1079-1093, (2000)10. Campos C.A., Guerrero M., Colás R. and Garza R., “Weldability of Galvannealed Interstitial Free Steel”, ISIJ International, 42: 876-881, (2002) 11. ArcelorMittal Automotive Worldwide. “High strength IF steels”, https://automotive.arcelormittal.com /europe/products/HYTSS/IF/EN ,(03.05.2018)12. Hasanbaşoğlu A., “Direnç kaynak yöntemi ile birleştirilen IF çelikleri ile ostenitik paslanmaz çeliklerin kaynak kabiliyetlerinin belirlenmesi”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, (2005)13. Coşkun M.H., “Otomotiv endüstrisinde kullanılan IF 7114 ve DP 600 çelik sacların direnç nokta kaynağı (RSW) ve sürtünme karıştırma nokta kaynağı (FSSW) yöntemleri ile birleştirilmesi”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Fakültesi, (2009)14. Kanga J., Raoa H.M., Siglerb D.R. and Carlson B.E., “Tensile and Fatigue Behaviour of AA6022-T4 to IF Steel Resistance Spot Welds”, Procedia Structural Integrity, 5: 1425-1432, (2017)
- 15. Sun X., Stephens E.V., Khaleel M.A., Shao H. and Kimchi M., “Resistance Spot Welding of Aluminum Alloy to Steel with Transition Material-From Process to Performance”, Welding Journal, 83: 188-195, (2004)16. Satonaka S., Iwamoto C., Qui R. and Fujioka T., “Trends and new applications of spot welding for aluminium alloy sheets”, Welding International, 20: 858-864, (2006)17. Qiu R., Iwamoto C. and Satonaka S., “Interfacial Microstructure and Strength of Steel/Al Alloy Joints Welded by RSW with Cover Plate”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 209: 4186-4193, (2009)18. Kim J.-S., Kim I.-J. and Kim Y.-G., “Optimization of welding current waveform for dissimilar material with DP590 and Al5052 by Delta-spot welding process”, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 30: 2713–2721, (2016)19. Zhang W., Sun D., Han L. and Li Y., “Optimised design of electrode morphology for novel dissimilar resistance spot welding of aluminium alloy and galvanised high strength steel”, Materials and Design, 85: 461–470, (2015)20. Rao S.S., Chhibber R., Arora K.S. and Shome M., “Resistance spot welding of galvannealed high strength interstitial free steel”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 246: 252-261, (2017)21. Chakraborty G., Pal T.K. and Shome M., “Microstructure development in resistance spot welded galvannealed IF steel sheet”, Materials Science and Technology, 27: 382-386, (2011)22. Chen J., Yuan X., Hu Z., Sun C., Zhang Y. and Zhang Y., “Microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance-spot-welded joints for A5052 aluminum alloy and DP 600 steel”, Materials Characterization, 120: 45-52, (2016)23. Manladan S.M., Yusof F., Ramesh S.,Fadzil M., Luo Z. and Ao S., “A review on resistance spot welding of aluminum alloys”, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 90: 605-634, (2016)24. Hayat F., Demir B., Acarer M. and Aslanlar S., “Effect of weld time and weld current on the mechanical properties of resistance spot welded IF (DIN EN 10130-1999) steel”, Kovove Materialy, 47: 11-17, (2009)25. Zhou K. and Cai L., “Study on effect of electrode force on resistance spot welding process”, Journal of Applied Physics, 116: 1-7, (2014) 26. Cui L., Qiub R., Hou L.L., Shen Z. and Li Q., "Resistance spot welding between steel and aluminum alloy." 5th International Conference on Advanced Design and Manufacturing Engineering, Shenzhen, China, September 19-20, (2015)27. Safari M., 1 Mostaan H., Yadegari Kh. H. and Asgari D., “Effects of process parameters on tensile-shear strength and failure mode of resistance spot welds of AISI 201 stainless steel”, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 89: 1853–1863, (2017)28. Zhang H., Qiu X., Bai Y., Xing F., Yu H. and Shi Y., “Resistance spot welding macro characteristics of the dissimilar thickness dual phase steels”, Materials and Design, 63: 151–158, (2014)29. Satoh G., Lawrence Y. and Qiu Y.C., “Strength and microstructure of laser fusion-welded Ti–SS dissimilar material pair”, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 66: 469–479, (2013)
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Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 1, 2020 |
| Submission Date | April 26, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 23 Issue: 4 |
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