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A Software for The Design and Optimization of Bolted Joints Under Eccentric Load

Year 2025, EARLY VIEW, 1 - 1
https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1568347

Abstract

Bolted joints are among the most reliable and common methods of securely joining objects. The design and analysis of these joints is important for speed and efficiency. Efficient systems can be created by optimizing properties such as size, quantity, material and safety. In this study, analysis-based design and optimization of bolted joints subjected to eccentric loads is addressed. In line with this goal, an interactive software named “DESOPT BJ” was developed using C# programming language in Visual Studio development environment. A user-friendly graphical interface with graphical designs was designed and a customizable integrated database was established. Template joint types with different bolt numbers and placements can be selected from the software. Design parameters and load conditions for the joint are taken as input. The software performs calculations within the scope of the database and optional results for the design are found by filtering according to the targeted factor of safety. In the optimization process, optimum results are obtained by applying diameter, strength and safety constraints for bolts and minimum and maximum conditions for these constraints on the optional results. The results include metric bolt, grade, yield strength and factor of safety parameters for the bolted joint. Optional and optimum results for bolted joints are calculated for template designs, minimum user input and database. Real-time software provides instantaneous responses. The graphical user interface adds interactivity and practicality to the design and optimization process. User workload is minimized and significant time savings are achieved. Software results and theoretical solutions offer 100% strong compatibility.

Ethical Statement

The author(s) of this article declare that the materials and methods used in this study do not require ethical committee permission and/or legal-special permission.

References

  • [1] Gunantara N., “A review of multi-objective optimization: Methods and its applications”, Cogent Engineering, 5(1): 1502242, (2018).
  • [2] Nakagome M., Suzukı I., Yasuda K. and Mızuno M., “On the compliance and the load factor of bolted connections subjected to eccentric loading”, JSME international journal., Ser. 1, Solid mechanics, strength of materials, 32(1): 61-66, (1989).
  • [3] Bogis H. A., Abou Ezz A., Akyurt M. and Alghamdi A. A. A., “An interactive software for the design of power screws”, Proc. STCEX, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 197-202, (2002).
  • [4] Padhi G.S., McCarthy M.A. and McCarthy C.T., “BOLJAT: a tool for designing composite bolted joints using three-dimensional finite element analysis”, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 33(11): 1573-1584, (2002).
  • [5] Özkan M.T., “Civatalı bağlantılarda birleştirilen elemanların direngenliğinin sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ve yapay sinir ağları sistemi ile belirlenmesi ve civata tasarımı”, PhD Thesis, Gazi University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, (2003).
  • [6] Bogis H.A., Abou Ezz A., Aljinaidi A.A. and Akyurt M., “Bolted joints an interactive software”, Seventeenth National Conference for Computer, Medina, Saudi Arabia, 125-139, (2004).
  • [7] Bogis H.A., Abou Ezz A., Aljinaidi A.A. and Akyurt M., “Computer-aided design of riveted and bolted joints under compound loading”, Seventeenth National Conference for Computer, Medina, Saudi Arabia, 309-321, (2004).
  • [8] Bogis H.A., Abou Ezz A., Aljinaidi A.A. and Akyurt M., “An interactive software for the design of riveted joints”. Seventeenth National Conference for Computer, Medina, Saudi Arabia, 155-173, (2004).
  • [9] Bogis H.A., Abou Ezz A., Aljinaidi A.A. and Akyurt M., “An interactive software for the design of welded joints”. Seventeenth National Conference for Computer, Medina, Saudi Arabia, 175-189, (2004).
  • [10] Gray P.J. and McCarthy C.T., “A global bolted joint model for finite element analysis of load distributions in multi-bolt composite joints”, Composites Part B: Engineering, 41(4): 317-325, (2010).
  • [11] Zhang B., Brown D., Pierre J.S., Tao X., Williams I., Whitehead G., Wolfe C. and Pillutla R., “Multi-objectives optimization of fastener location in a bolted joint”, SAE 2013 World Congress & Exhibition, Michigan, United States, 2013-01-0966, (2013).
  • [12] Wankhade A.P. and Jadhao K.K., “Design and analysis of bolted joint in composite laminated”, Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), 4(3): 20-24, (2014).
  • [13] Adeyeri M.K., “Development of software for riveted joints design”, Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST), 3(3): 4370-4380, (2016).
  • [14] Sanlı T.V., “Development of artificial neural network based design tool for aircraft engine bolted flange connection subject to combined axial and moment load”, MSc Thesis, Middle East Technical University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, (2018).
  • [15] Özuğurlu D.C., “Yapay sinir ağları yardımıyla titreşim altındaki cıvataların gevşeme tahmini”, MSc Thesis, Ege University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, (2019).
  • [16] Turgaç A.T., “İçten yanmalı motorlarda biyel kolu cıvatalarının hesabına ve tasarımına yönelik yazılım geliştirme”, PhD Thesis, İstanbul Technical University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, (2020).
  • [17] Rakotondrainibe L., Desai J., Orval P. and Allaire G., “Coupled topology optimization of structure and connections for bolted mechanical systems”, European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solids, 93: 104499, (2022).
  • [18] Jiang K., Liang Y. and Zhao O., “Machine-learning-based design of high strength steel bolted connections”, Thin-Walled Structures, 179: 109575, (2022).
  • [19] Sevinç S. and Taşkın M., “Numerical analysis of single lap pretension bolted joint”, International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 14 (3): 77-90, (2023).
  • [20] Sarı K., Kayır Y. and Dilipak H., “An expert system for bolt selection”, Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 16(2), 83-9: (2023).
  • [21] Sarı K. and Dilipak H., “Yanal yük altındaki cıvatalı bağlantıların tasarımı ve optimizasyonu için bir yazılım geliştirme”, 4. Uluslararası Hasankeyf Bilimsel Araştırmalar ve İnovasyon Kongresi, Batman, Türkiye, 419-429. (2023).
  • [22] Sarı K. and Dilipak H., “A design software based on the placement of bolts for bolted joints”, Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2): 104-114, (2023).
  • [23] Sarı K. and Dilipak H., “A software for optimum design of laterally loaded bolted joints”, Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 12(1): 366-377, (2024).
  • [24] Juvinall R.C. and Marshek K.M., “Fundamentals of machine component design”, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA, (2011).
  • [25] Budynas R.G. and Nisbett J.K., “Shigley's mechanical engineering design”, McGraw-Hill, New York, ABD, (2015).
  • [26] Collins J.A., Busby H.R. and Staab G.H., “Mechanical design of machine elements and machines: a failure prevention perspective”, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA, (2009).
  • [27] Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology (RSET), “Design of machine elements”, https://www.rajagiritech.ac.in/home/mech/Course_Content/Semester%20VII/ME%20401%20Design%20of%20Machine%20Elements%20I/Module%203.pdf
  • [28] Khurmi R.S. and Gupta J.K., “A textbook of machine design”, S. Chand, New Delhi, India, (2005).
  • [29] Bickford J.H., “Introduction to the design and behavior of bolted joints: non-gasketed joints”, CRC press, Florida, ABD, (2007).
  • [30] ISO 898-1, “Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel”, (2013), https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:898:-1:ed-5:v1:en
  • [31] Yahr G.T., “Preloading of bolted connections in nuclear reactor component supports”, No. NUREG/CR-3853: ORNL-6093, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Tennessee, United States, (1984).
  • [32] Polak T.A., “Machine elements in mechanical design”, Pearson, New York, ABD, (2018).
  • [33] Childs P.R., “Mechanical design”, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Jordan Hill, Oxford, (2004).
  • [34] University of Nottingham, “Design and analysis of bolted joints”, https://notes.alv.cx/notes/uni/mmme/2044_design_manufacture_and_project/lecture_slides/Lecture%208%20Bolted%20joints_v1.1.pdf

Eksantrik Yük Altındaki Cıvatalı Bağlantıların Tasarımı ve Optimizasyonu İçin Bir Yazılım

Year 2025, EARLY VIEW, 1 - 1
https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1568347

Abstract

Cıvatalı bağlantılar, nesnelerin emniyetli bir şekilde birleştirilmesinde kullanılan en güvenilir ve yaygın yöntemler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu bağlantıların tasarımı ve analizi, hız ve etkinlik açısından önem teşkil etmektedir. Boyut, miktar, malzeme ve emniyet gibi özellikler üzerinden optimizasyon sağlanarak verimli sistemler oluşturulabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada eksantrik yüklere maruz kalan cıvatalı bağlantıların analiz tabanlı tasarım ve optimizasyon konusu ele alınmıştır. Bu hedef doğrultusunda Visual Studio geliştirme ortamında C# programlama dili kullanılarak “DESOPT BJ” isimli etkileşimli bir yazılım geliştirilmiştir. Grafik tasarımlar içeren kullanıcı dostu bir grafik arayüzü tasarlanmıştır ve özelleştirilebilir entegre veri tabanı kurulmuştur. Yazılım üzerinden ilk olarak farklı cıvata sayısı ve yerleşimlerini içeren şablon bağlantı tipleri arasından seçim yapılmaktadır. Bağlantı için tasarım parametreleri ve yük koşulları girdi olarak alınmaktadır. Yazılım veri tabanı kapsamında hesaplamalar gerçekleştirmekte ve hedeflenen emniyet katsayısına göre filtreleme yapılarak tasarım için opsiyonel sonuçlar bulunmaktadır. Optimizasyon sürecinde opsiyonel sonuçlar üzerinde cıvatalar için çap, dayanım ve emniyet kısıtları ve bu kısıtlar için minimum ve maksimum koşulları uygulanarak optimum sonuçlar elde edilmektedir. Sonuçlar, cıvatalı bağlantı için metrik cıvata, kalite, akma dayanımı ve emniyet katsayısı parametrelerini içermektedir. Şablon tasarımlar, minimum kullanıcı girdisi ve veri tabanı için cıvatalı bağlantıların opsiyonel ve optimum sonuçları hesaplanmaktadır. Gerçek zamanlı yazılım anlık yanıtlar vermektedir. Grafik kullanıcı arayüzü tasarım ve optimizasyon sürecine etkileşim ve pratiklik katmaktadır. Kullanıcı iş yükü en aza indirilmekte ve önemli oranda zaman kazancı sağlanmaktadır. Yazılım sonuçları ve teorik çözümler %100 güçlü uyumluluk sunmaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Bu makalenin yazar(lar)ı çalışmalarında kullandıkları materyal ve yöntemlerin etik kurul izni ve/veya yasal-özel bir izin gerektirmediğini beyan ederler.

References

  • [1] Gunantara N., “A review of multi-objective optimization: Methods and its applications”, Cogent Engineering, 5(1): 1502242, (2018).
  • [2] Nakagome M., Suzukı I., Yasuda K. and Mızuno M., “On the compliance and the load factor of bolted connections subjected to eccentric loading”, JSME international journal., Ser. 1, Solid mechanics, strength of materials, 32(1): 61-66, (1989).
  • [3] Bogis H. A., Abou Ezz A., Akyurt M. and Alghamdi A. A. A., “An interactive software for the design of power screws”, Proc. STCEX, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 197-202, (2002).
  • [4] Padhi G.S., McCarthy M.A. and McCarthy C.T., “BOLJAT: a tool for designing composite bolted joints using three-dimensional finite element analysis”, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 33(11): 1573-1584, (2002).
  • [5] Özkan M.T., “Civatalı bağlantılarda birleştirilen elemanların direngenliğinin sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ve yapay sinir ağları sistemi ile belirlenmesi ve civata tasarımı”, PhD Thesis, Gazi University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, (2003).
  • [6] Bogis H.A., Abou Ezz A., Aljinaidi A.A. and Akyurt M., “Bolted joints an interactive software”, Seventeenth National Conference for Computer, Medina, Saudi Arabia, 125-139, (2004).
  • [7] Bogis H.A., Abou Ezz A., Aljinaidi A.A. and Akyurt M., “Computer-aided design of riveted and bolted joints under compound loading”, Seventeenth National Conference for Computer, Medina, Saudi Arabia, 309-321, (2004).
  • [8] Bogis H.A., Abou Ezz A., Aljinaidi A.A. and Akyurt M., “An interactive software for the design of riveted joints”. Seventeenth National Conference for Computer, Medina, Saudi Arabia, 155-173, (2004).
  • [9] Bogis H.A., Abou Ezz A., Aljinaidi A.A. and Akyurt M., “An interactive software for the design of welded joints”. Seventeenth National Conference for Computer, Medina, Saudi Arabia, 175-189, (2004).
  • [10] Gray P.J. and McCarthy C.T., “A global bolted joint model for finite element analysis of load distributions in multi-bolt composite joints”, Composites Part B: Engineering, 41(4): 317-325, (2010).
  • [11] Zhang B., Brown D., Pierre J.S., Tao X., Williams I., Whitehead G., Wolfe C. and Pillutla R., “Multi-objectives optimization of fastener location in a bolted joint”, SAE 2013 World Congress & Exhibition, Michigan, United States, 2013-01-0966, (2013).
  • [12] Wankhade A.P. and Jadhao K.K., “Design and analysis of bolted joint in composite laminated”, Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), 4(3): 20-24, (2014).
  • [13] Adeyeri M.K., “Development of software for riveted joints design”, Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST), 3(3): 4370-4380, (2016).
  • [14] Sanlı T.V., “Development of artificial neural network based design tool for aircraft engine bolted flange connection subject to combined axial and moment load”, MSc Thesis, Middle East Technical University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, (2018).
  • [15] Özuğurlu D.C., “Yapay sinir ağları yardımıyla titreşim altındaki cıvataların gevşeme tahmini”, MSc Thesis, Ege University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, (2019).
  • [16] Turgaç A.T., “İçten yanmalı motorlarda biyel kolu cıvatalarının hesabına ve tasarımına yönelik yazılım geliştirme”, PhD Thesis, İstanbul Technical University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, (2020).
  • [17] Rakotondrainibe L., Desai J., Orval P. and Allaire G., “Coupled topology optimization of structure and connections for bolted mechanical systems”, European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solids, 93: 104499, (2022).
  • [18] Jiang K., Liang Y. and Zhao O., “Machine-learning-based design of high strength steel bolted connections”, Thin-Walled Structures, 179: 109575, (2022).
  • [19] Sevinç S. and Taşkın M., “Numerical analysis of single lap pretension bolted joint”, International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 14 (3): 77-90, (2023).
  • [20] Sarı K., Kayır Y. and Dilipak H., “An expert system for bolt selection”, Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 16(2), 83-9: (2023).
  • [21] Sarı K. and Dilipak H., “Yanal yük altındaki cıvatalı bağlantıların tasarımı ve optimizasyonu için bir yazılım geliştirme”, 4. Uluslararası Hasankeyf Bilimsel Araştırmalar ve İnovasyon Kongresi, Batman, Türkiye, 419-429. (2023).
  • [22] Sarı K. and Dilipak H., “A design software based on the placement of bolts for bolted joints”, Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2): 104-114, (2023).
  • [23] Sarı K. and Dilipak H., “A software for optimum design of laterally loaded bolted joints”, Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 12(1): 366-377, (2024).
  • [24] Juvinall R.C. and Marshek K.M., “Fundamentals of machine component design”, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA, (2011).
  • [25] Budynas R.G. and Nisbett J.K., “Shigley's mechanical engineering design”, McGraw-Hill, New York, ABD, (2015).
  • [26] Collins J.A., Busby H.R. and Staab G.H., “Mechanical design of machine elements and machines: a failure prevention perspective”, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA, (2009).
  • [27] Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology (RSET), “Design of machine elements”, https://www.rajagiritech.ac.in/home/mech/Course_Content/Semester%20VII/ME%20401%20Design%20of%20Machine%20Elements%20I/Module%203.pdf
  • [28] Khurmi R.S. and Gupta J.K., “A textbook of machine design”, S. Chand, New Delhi, India, (2005).
  • [29] Bickford J.H., “Introduction to the design and behavior of bolted joints: non-gasketed joints”, CRC press, Florida, ABD, (2007).
  • [30] ISO 898-1, “Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel”, (2013), https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:898:-1:ed-5:v1:en
  • [31] Yahr G.T., “Preloading of bolted connections in nuclear reactor component supports”, No. NUREG/CR-3853: ORNL-6093, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Tennessee, United States, (1984).
  • [32] Polak T.A., “Machine elements in mechanical design”, Pearson, New York, ABD, (2018).
  • [33] Childs P.R., “Mechanical design”, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Jordan Hill, Oxford, (2004).
  • [34] University of Nottingham, “Design and analysis of bolted joints”, https://notes.alv.cx/notes/uni/mmme/2044_design_manufacture_and_project/lecture_slides/Lecture%208%20Bolted%20joints_v1.1.pdf
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Computer Software, Optimization Techniques in Mechanical Engineering, Machine Design and Machine Equipment, CAD/CAM Systems, Optimization in Manufacturing, New Product Development
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Kadir Sarı 0000-0001-8013-8285

Hakan Dilipak 0000-0003-3796-8181

Early Pub Date April 3, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date October 16, 2024
Acceptance Date March 1, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 EARLY VIEW

Cite

APA Sarı, K., & Dilipak, H. (2025). A Software for The Design and Optimization of Bolted Joints Under Eccentric Load. Politeknik Dergisi1-1. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1568347
AMA Sarı K, Dilipak H. A Software for The Design and Optimization of Bolted Joints Under Eccentric Load. Politeknik Dergisi. Published online April 1, 2025:1-1. doi:10.2339/politeknik.1568347
Chicago Sarı, Kadir, and Hakan Dilipak. “A Software for The Design and Optimization of Bolted Joints Under Eccentric Load”. Politeknik Dergisi, April (April 2025), 1-1. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1568347.
EndNote Sarı K, Dilipak H (April 1, 2025) A Software for The Design and Optimization of Bolted Joints Under Eccentric Load. Politeknik Dergisi 1–1.
IEEE K. Sarı and H. Dilipak, “A Software for The Design and Optimization of Bolted Joints Under Eccentric Load”, Politeknik Dergisi, pp. 1–1, April 2025, doi: 10.2339/politeknik.1568347.
ISNAD Sarı, Kadir - Dilipak, Hakan. “A Software for The Design and Optimization of Bolted Joints Under Eccentric Load”. Politeknik Dergisi. April 2025. 1-1. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1568347.
JAMA Sarı K, Dilipak H. A Software for The Design and Optimization of Bolted Joints Under Eccentric Load. Politeknik Dergisi. 2025;:1–1.
MLA Sarı, Kadir and Hakan Dilipak. “A Software for The Design and Optimization of Bolted Joints Under Eccentric Load”. Politeknik Dergisi, 2025, pp. 1-1, doi:10.2339/politeknik.1568347.
Vancouver Sarı K, Dilipak H. A Software for The Design and Optimization of Bolted Joints Under Eccentric Load. Politeknik Dergisi. 2025:1-.