Strength Performance Evaluations of Vehicle Cylindrical LPG Tanks

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: 4, 1541 - 1552, 25.09.2024

Arslan Kaptan , Yasin Kişioğlu

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1320260

Abstract

This study aims to examine and compare the strength performances of vehicle cylindrical liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tanks produced and used in Turkey, taking into account European and Turkish Standards. The LPG tanks were subjected to burst and fatigue tests to explore their burst pressures and fatigue performances using both experimental and computer aided techniques. To investigate the strength of the tanks, a universal test bench was developed and calibrated for use in both burst and fatigue tests. The obtained experimental results in terms of burst and fatigue failure locations for each brand of tank are compared with the results obtained using finite element based simulations. Visual solid models in 3D were drawn in SolidWorks and then ANSYS software was used to perform Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations on those LPG cylinders to obtain the results, such as stresses, deformations, burst and fatigue failure locations. As a result of this comparison, it has been observed that some brands of cylindrical LPG tanks are more durable and safe for use in vehicles. Since the same standard requirements and the same commercial material are used in LPG tank production, it is revealed that some companies need to reconsider their design, manufacturing and especially welding processes. The results of this independent and objective study can also be used as a warning for LPG tank manufacturers and as a guide for their customers in choosing a safe product.

Keywords

Vehicle cylindrical LPG tank, burst test, fatigue performance test, finite element analysis, nonlinear failure analysis

Supporting Institution

Kocaeli Üniversitesi

Project Number

2011/064

Thanks

The project team would like to give their appreciations to Kocaeli University governing and the BAP unit staff for understanding and interest shown throughout the study.

Taşıt Silindirik LPG Tanklarının Mukavemet Performans Değerlendirmeleri

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de üretilen ve kullanılan araç silindirik sıvılaştırılmış petrol gazı (LPG) tanklarının dayanım performanslarının Avrupa ve Türk Standartları dikkate alınarak incelenmesi ve karşılaştırılmasını amaçlamaktadır. LPG tankları, hem deneysel hem de bilgisayar destekli teknikler kullanılarak patlama basınçlarını ve yorulma performanslarını belirlemek için patlama ve yorulma testlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Tankların mukavemetini araştırmak için üniversal bir test tezgahı geliştirilmiş ve hem patlama hem de yorulma testlerinde kullanılmak üzere kalibre edilmiştir. Her bir tank markası için patlama ve yorulma hasar konumları açısından elde edilen deneysel sonuçlar, sonlu elemanlar tabanlı simülasyonlar kullanılarak elde edilen sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. SolidWorks'te 3B olarak görsel katı modeller çizilmiş ve ardından gerilimler, deformasyonlar, patlama ve yorulma hasar konumları gibi sonuçları elde etmek için bu LPG silindirleri üzerinde Sonlu Elemanlar Anallizi (FEA) simülasyonları gerçekleştirmek için ANSYS yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Bu karşılaştırma sonucunda bazı marka silindirik LPG tanklarının araçlarda kullanım için daha dayanıklı ve güvenli olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. LPG tankı üretiminde aynı standart gereklilikleri ve aynı ticari malzeme kullanıldığından, bazı firmaların tasarım, imalat ve özellikle kaynak proseslerini yeniden gözden geçirmeleri gerektiği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu bağımsız ve objektif çalışmanın sonuçları, LPG tank üreticileri için bir uyarı ve müşterileri için de güvenli ürün seçiminde bir rehber olarak da kullanılabilir.

Keywords

Taşıt silindirik LPG tankı, patlama testi, yorulma performans testi, sonlu elemanlar analizi, nonlineer hasar analizi

Project Number

2011/064

References

• [1] Doğan B. “Analysing the performance and working parameters of a CNG compressor prototype designed as a household type”, Journal of Polytechnic, 19(4): 427-431, (2016).
• [2] EN 12805, “BS Automotive LPG Components. Containers”, British Standard Institution, (2002).
• [3] TS 12095-1 EN 12805, “TSE Automotive-Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) System Components-Fuel Tanks”, Turkish Standard Institute, (2004).
• [4] Kaptan A. and Kisioglu Y. “Determination of burst pressures and failure locations of vehicle LPG cylinders”, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 84: 451-459, (2007).
• [5] Xue L., Widera G.E.O. and Sang Z. “Burst pressure prediction of cylindrical shell intersection, transactions”, SMIRT 19, Toronto, (2007).
• [6] Lee H.S., Yoon J.H., Park J.S. and Yi Y.M. “A study on failure characteristic of spherical pressure vessel”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 164: 882-888, (2005).
• [7] Akış, T. and Eren Ö. “Yielding of radially pressurized functionally graded long Tubes based on Von Mises criterion”, Journal of Polytechnic, 18(2): 63-71, (2015).
• [8] Brabin T.A., Christopher T. and Rao B.N. “Bursting pressure of mild steel cylindrical vessels”, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 88(2-3): 119-122, (2011).
• [9] Aksoley M. E., Ozcelik, B. and Bican, I. “Comparison of bursting pressure results of LPG tank using experimental and finite element method”. Journal of hazardous materials, 151(2-3): 699-709, (2008).
• [10] Chen Z., Li X., Wang W., Yang H., Guo Z. and Zhu W. “Dynamic burst pressure analysis of cylindrical shells based on average shear stress yield criterion”, Thin-Walled Structures, 148: 106498, (2020).
• [11] Jha A.K., Sreekumar K. and Sinha P. “Metallurgical failure analysis of the 560 mm dia 0.15 C–1.25 Cr–1Mo–0.25 V steel pressure vessel”, Engineering Failure Analysis, 17(4): 802-809, (2010).
• [12] Lu Z., Cui Y., Xu H., Lin S. and Liang H. “Effect of the length-to-diameter ratio on the burst pressures of thin-walled pressure vessels”. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 64(1): 10-17, (2023).
• [13] Kisioglu Y. “Burst tests and volume expansions of vehicle toroidal LPG fuel tanks”, Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 33(2): 117-125, (2010).
• [14] Kisioglu Y. “Burst pressure determination of vehicle toroidal oval cross-section LPG fuel tanks”, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 133(3): (2011).
• [15] Kartal F. “Evaluation of explosion pressure of portable small liquefied petroleum gas cylinder”, Process Safety Progress. (2019).
• [16] Blachut J. and Vu V.T. “Burst pressures for torispheres and shallow spherical caps”, Strain, 43: 26-36, (2007). [17] Błachut J. and Ifayefunmi O. “Burst pressures for toriconical shells: experimental and numerical approach”, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, ASME, 139: (2017).
• [18] Wang H., Zheng T., Sang Z. and Krakauer B.W. “Burst pressures of thin-walled cylinders constructed of steel exhibiting a yield plateau”, Int. J. of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 193: 104483, (2021).
• [19] Budhe S., Banea M. and de Barros S. “Prediction of the burst pressure for defective pipelines using different semi-empirical models”, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 14: 137-147, (2020).
• [20] Lohar H., Sarkar S. and Mondal S.C. “Stress analysis and burst pressure determination of two-layer compound pressure vessel”, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 5: 349-353, (2013).
• [21] Gajdoš Ľ. and Šperl M. “Determination of burst pressure of thin-walled pressure vessels”, 18th International Conference Engineering Mechanics, Svratka, Czech Republic, May 14-17, paper # 67: 323-333, (2012).
• [22] Wang H., Zheng T., Sang Z. and Krakauer B. W. “Burst pressures of thin-walled cylinders constructed of steel exhibiting a yield plateau”. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 193: 104483, (2021).
• [23] Kulkarni A.M. and Wankhade R.L. “Design by analysis of liquid petroleum gas cylinder using Twice Elastic Slope Criteria to calculate the burst pressure of cylinder”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 4(1): 561-568, (2015).
• [24] Chondrou D., Chondrou I., Panteliou S. and Chondros T. “Household LPG cylinder fracture and a boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion”, Известия высших учебных заведений. Машиностроение, 9: 54-66, (2019).
• [25] Peña S.P., Galvis C. and Quiroga J.E. “Failure detection in a pressure vessel using acoustic emissions technology”, Revista UIS Ingenierías, 18(4): 147-156, (2019).
• [26] Reddy D.D. and Prasad T. “Finite element enalysis of LPG cylinder”. Advanced Research Journals of Science and Technology, 3(1): 140-144, (2016).
• [27] Kingklang S., Daodon W. and Uthaisangsuk V. “Failure investigation of liquefied petroleum gas cylinder using FAD and XFEM”, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 171: 69-78, (2019).
• [28] Kiran C.S. and Sruthi J. “Design and finite element analysis of domestic LPG cylinder using ANSYS Workbench”, CVR Journal of Science and Technology, 14: 97-101, (2018).
• [29] Kartal F. and Kisioglu Y. “Determination of fatigue life and failure location of vehicle cylindrical LPG fuel tanks”, Practical Metallography, 53(6): 360-378, (2016).
• [30] Kartal F. and Kisioglu, Y. “Fatigue performance evaluations of vehicle toroidal liquefied petroleum gas fuel tanks”, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 139(4): 041402, (2017).
• [31] Oosterkamp L.D. and Heurtaux, F. “New polymorph friction stir welded aluminium liquid petroleum gas tank”, Journal of Automobile Engineering, 220: 27-35, (2006).
• [32] Eregli Iron and Steel Factory TR. Product Catalog. https://www.oyakmadenmetalurji.com.tr/sites/1/upload/files/Yassi_Urun_Katalogu_2020_subat-3734.pdf (accessed date: 3 February 2023).
• [33] EN 10120 European Standard, Steel Sheet and Strip for Welded Gas Cylinders, CEN, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, (2008).
• [34] Özek C. and Taşdemir V. “Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of temperature on deep drawing of Aluminum alloy”, Journal of Polytechnic, 21(1): 193-199, (2018).
• [35] Kaptan A. “Examination of burst pressures and fatigue performances of vehicle LPG tanks”, Kocaeli University, Graduate School, Ph.D. Thesis. (2015).