Year 2021,
Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 50 - 53, 30.04.2021
Reyhan Gümüştekin
,
Anna Carina Ergani
,
Meltem Gümüş
,
Halil Haldun Emiroğlu
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVİD-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) has led to a world widepandemic since December of 2019. The most common symptoms include cough, shortness of breath and fever as a primary tract pathogen. The virus has been shown to affect a host o f other organs , including pancreas. Pancreatic qxocrine tissue express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2), the receptor SARS-CoV-2 cell internalization. Recent studies have shown an increasing number of COVID-19 patients reporting pancreatic manifestations.
In this article,SARS-CoV-2 and its disease COVID-19 will be reviewed with consideration of thje latest literature about pancreatic injury.
References
- 1. (Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (who.int)). World Health Organization. Rolling updates on coronavirus disease (COVID-19); 2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus-2019/events-as-theyhappen [accessed 28.03.2021].
- 2. Asselah, T., Durantel, D., Pasmant, E., Lau, G., & Schinazi, R. F. (2021). COVID-19: Discovery, diagnostics and drug development. Journal of hepatology, 74(1), 168–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.031
- 3. Bahrami, A., & Ferns, G. A. (2020). Genetic and pathogenic characterization of SARS-CoV-2: a review. Future Virology, 10.2217/fvl-2020-0129. https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2020-0129
- 4. Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, Bruno F, Del Buono R, Costa F, Scarlata S, Agrò FE. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med. 2020 Aug;288(2):192-206. doi: 10.1111/joim.13091. Epub 2 020 May 13. PMID: 32348588; PMCID: PMC7267177
- 5. Agarwal N, Pitchumoni CS, Sivaprasad AV. Evaluating tests for acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1990 Apr;85(4):356-66. PMID: 2183590.Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, Bruno F, Del Buono R, Costa F, Scarlata S, Agrò FE. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med. 2020 Aug;288(2):192-206. doi: 10.1111/joim.13091. Epub 2 020 May 13. PMID: 32348588; PMCID: PMC7267177
- 6. Li, H., Liu, S. M., Yu, X. H., Tang, S. L., & Tang, C. K. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current status and future perspectives. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 55(5), 105951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105951
- 7. Cheung S., Delgado Fuentes, A., & Fetterman, A. D. (2020). Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis in a Patient with COVID-19 Infection. The American journal of case reports, 21, e927076. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.927076
- 8. Aloysius, M. M., Thatti, A., Gupta, A., Sharma, N., Bansal, P., & Goyal, H. (2020). COVID-19 presenting as acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.], 20(5), 1026–1027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pan.2020.05.003
9. Kandasamy S. (2020). An unusual presentation of COVID-19: Acute pancreatitis. Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery, 24(4), 539–541. https://doi.org/10.14701/ahbps.2020.24.4.539
- 10. Wang F, Wang H, Fan J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhao Q. Pancreatic injury patterns in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Gastroenterology 2020. https://doi.org/ 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.055.
- 11. Liu, F., Long, X., Zhang, B., Zhang, W., Chen, X., & Zhang, Z. (2020). ACE2 Expression in Pancreas May Cause Pancreatic Damage After SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 18(9), 2128–2130.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.040
- 12. Patel KP, Patel PA, Vunnam RR, Hewlett AT, Jain R, Jing R, Vunnam SR. Gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and pancreatic manifestations of COVID-19. J Clin Virol. 2020 Jul;128:104386. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104386. Epub 2020 Apr 29. PMID: 32388469; PMCID: PMC7189193.
- 13. Jin DX, Yang AL, Suleiman SL, et al. Marked serum lipase elevations are associated with longer hospitalizations in patients with non-pancreatic hyperlipasemia. Gastroenterology. 2019;156(6):S-1033–S-1034.
- 14. Hadi A, Werge M, Kristiansen KT, Pedersen UG, Karstensen JG, Novovic S, et al. Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) associated with severe acute pancreatitis: case report on three family members. Pancreatology. 2020;20:665–667. doi: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.04.021.
- 15. Hegyi, P., Szakács, Z., & Sahin-Tóth, M. (2020). Lipotoxicity and Cytokine Storm in Severe Acute Pancreatitis and COVID-19. Gastroenterology, 159(3), 824–827. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.014
16. Bikdeli B, Madhavan MV, Jimenez D, Chuich T, Dreyfus I, Driggin E, et al. COVID-19 and Thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 Epub ahead of print at https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jacc.2020.04.031, Accessed May 17, 2020
- 17. He, L. et al. Expression of the monoclonal antibody against nucleocapsid antigen of SARS-associated coronavirus in autopsy tissues from SARS patients [Chinese]. Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao. 23, 1128–1130 (2020)
- 18. Pohl JF, Uc A. Paediatric pancreatitis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2015;31(5):380–6.
- 19. Peery AF, Crockett SD, Barritt AS, et al. Burden of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases in the United States. Gastroenterology 2015;149:1731-1741
- 20. Miro, O. et al. Frequency of five unusual presentations in patients with COVID-19: results of the UMC-19-S1. Epidemiol. Infect. 148, e189 (2020)
- 21. Inamdar, S. et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 presenting as acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.044 (2020).
- 22. Abu-El-Haija, Maisama; Lin, Tom K.a; Nathan, Jaimie D.b Management of acute pancreatitis in children, Current Opinion in Pediatrics: October 2017 - Volume 29 - Issue 5 - p 592-597 doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000528
- 23. Meireles PA, Bessa F, Gaspar P, Parreira I, Silva VD, Mota C, et al. Acalculous acute pancreatitis in a COVID-19 patient. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2020;7:1710. doi: 10.12890/2020_001710.
- 24. Alloway, B. C., Yaeger, S. K., Mazzaccaro, R. J., Villalobos, T., & Hardy, S. G. (2020). Suspected case of COVID-19-associated pancreatitis in a child. Radiology case reports, 15(8), 1309–1312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2020.06.009
- 25.Stevens JP, Brownell JN, Freeman AJ, Bashaw H. COVID-19-Associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children presenting as acute pancreatitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020. https://doi.org/10.1097/ mpg.0000000000002860
- 26.de-Madaria, E., Capurso, G. COVID-19 and acute pancreatitis: examining the causality. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 18, 3–4 (2021).
- 27. Anand ER, Major C, Pickering O, Nelson M. Acute pancreatitis in a COVID-19 patient. Br J Surg. 2020;107:e182. doi: 10.1002/bjs.11657.
- 28. Yang JK, Feng Y, Yuan MY, Yuan SY, Fu HJ, Wu BY, Sun GZ, Yang GR, Zhang XL, Wang L, Xu X, Xu XP, Chan JC (2006) Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality and morbidity in patients with SARS. Diabet Med 23:623–628 2.
- 29. Cure E, Cumhur Cure M. COVID-19 may affect the endocrine pancreas by activating Na(þ)/H(þ) exchanger 2 and increasing lactate levels. J Endocrinol Invest 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01307-4.
- 30. Jaeckel E, Manns M, Von Herrath M. Viruses and diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002;958:7e25
Year 2021,
Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 50 - 53, 30.04.2021
Reyhan Gümüştekin
,
Anna Carina Ergani
,
Meltem Gümüş
,
Halil Haldun Emiroğlu
Abstract
Coronavirüs Hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19) pandemisi, Aralık 2019’da bilinmeyen kökenli bir pnömoni salgını ile başladı. SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonunda öksürük, nefes darlığı ve ateş gibi klasik pnömoni semptomlarının yanı sıra; ishal, bulantı, kusma ve karın ağrısı gibi mide-bağırsak semptomları da mevcut olabilir. Bununla birlikte, son çalışmalar, pankreas dahil diğer organ tutulumlarını bildiren COVİD-19 hastalarının sayısının arttığını göstermiştir. Virüslerin çocuklarda pankreatit nedeni olduğu bilinmesine rağmen, SARS-CoV-2 virüsüyle ilişkili akut pankreatit tanımlanmaya yeni başlanmış olup bu konudaki güncel veriler sınırlı ve prevalansı ve patogenezi hakkında çok az şey bilinmektedir. Bu derlemede SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu sırasında pankreas tutulumu konusundaki en son literatür bilgileri incelenecektir.
References
- 1. (Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (who.int)). World Health Organization. Rolling updates on coronavirus disease (COVID-19); 2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus-2019/events-as-theyhappen [accessed 28.03.2021].
- 2. Asselah, T., Durantel, D., Pasmant, E., Lau, G., & Schinazi, R. F. (2021). COVID-19: Discovery, diagnostics and drug development. Journal of hepatology, 74(1), 168–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.031
- 3. Bahrami, A., & Ferns, G. A. (2020). Genetic and pathogenic characterization of SARS-CoV-2: a review. Future Virology, 10.2217/fvl-2020-0129. https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2020-0129
- 4. Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, Bruno F, Del Buono R, Costa F, Scarlata S, Agrò FE. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med. 2020 Aug;288(2):192-206. doi: 10.1111/joim.13091. Epub 2 020 May 13. PMID: 32348588; PMCID: PMC7267177
- 5. Agarwal N, Pitchumoni CS, Sivaprasad AV. Evaluating tests for acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1990 Apr;85(4):356-66. PMID: 2183590.Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, Bruno F, Del Buono R, Costa F, Scarlata S, Agrò FE. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med. 2020 Aug;288(2):192-206. doi: 10.1111/joim.13091. Epub 2 020 May 13. PMID: 32348588; PMCID: PMC7267177
- 6. Li, H., Liu, S. M., Yu, X. H., Tang, S. L., & Tang, C. K. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current status and future perspectives. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 55(5), 105951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105951
- 7. Cheung S., Delgado Fuentes, A., & Fetterman, A. D. (2020). Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis in a Patient with COVID-19 Infection. The American journal of case reports, 21, e927076. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.927076
- 8. Aloysius, M. M., Thatti, A., Gupta, A., Sharma, N., Bansal, P., & Goyal, H. (2020). COVID-19 presenting as acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.], 20(5), 1026–1027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pan.2020.05.003
9. Kandasamy S. (2020). An unusual presentation of COVID-19: Acute pancreatitis. Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery, 24(4), 539–541. https://doi.org/10.14701/ahbps.2020.24.4.539
- 10. Wang F, Wang H, Fan J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhao Q. Pancreatic injury patterns in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Gastroenterology 2020. https://doi.org/ 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.055.
- 11. Liu, F., Long, X., Zhang, B., Zhang, W., Chen, X., & Zhang, Z. (2020). ACE2 Expression in Pancreas May Cause Pancreatic Damage After SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 18(9), 2128–2130.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.040
- 12. Patel KP, Patel PA, Vunnam RR, Hewlett AT, Jain R, Jing R, Vunnam SR. Gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and pancreatic manifestations of COVID-19. J Clin Virol. 2020 Jul;128:104386. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104386. Epub 2020 Apr 29. PMID: 32388469; PMCID: PMC7189193.
- 13. Jin DX, Yang AL, Suleiman SL, et al. Marked serum lipase elevations are associated with longer hospitalizations in patients with non-pancreatic hyperlipasemia. Gastroenterology. 2019;156(6):S-1033–S-1034.
- 14. Hadi A, Werge M, Kristiansen KT, Pedersen UG, Karstensen JG, Novovic S, et al. Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) associated with severe acute pancreatitis: case report on three family members. Pancreatology. 2020;20:665–667. doi: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.04.021.
- 15. Hegyi, P., Szakács, Z., & Sahin-Tóth, M. (2020). Lipotoxicity and Cytokine Storm in Severe Acute Pancreatitis and COVID-19. Gastroenterology, 159(3), 824–827. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.014
16. Bikdeli B, Madhavan MV, Jimenez D, Chuich T, Dreyfus I, Driggin E, et al. COVID-19 and Thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 Epub ahead of print at https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jacc.2020.04.031, Accessed May 17, 2020
- 17. He, L. et al. Expression of the monoclonal antibody against nucleocapsid antigen of SARS-associated coronavirus in autopsy tissues from SARS patients [Chinese]. Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao. 23, 1128–1130 (2020)
- 18. Pohl JF, Uc A. Paediatric pancreatitis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2015;31(5):380–6.
- 19. Peery AF, Crockett SD, Barritt AS, et al. Burden of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases in the United States. Gastroenterology 2015;149:1731-1741
- 20. Miro, O. et al. Frequency of five unusual presentations in patients with COVID-19: results of the UMC-19-S1. Epidemiol. Infect. 148, e189 (2020)
- 21. Inamdar, S. et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 presenting as acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.044 (2020).
- 22. Abu-El-Haija, Maisama; Lin, Tom K.a; Nathan, Jaimie D.b Management of acute pancreatitis in children, Current Opinion in Pediatrics: October 2017 - Volume 29 - Issue 5 - p 592-597 doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000528
- 23. Meireles PA, Bessa F, Gaspar P, Parreira I, Silva VD, Mota C, et al. Acalculous acute pancreatitis in a COVID-19 patient. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2020;7:1710. doi: 10.12890/2020_001710.
- 24. Alloway, B. C., Yaeger, S. K., Mazzaccaro, R. J., Villalobos, T., & Hardy, S. G. (2020). Suspected case of COVID-19-associated pancreatitis in a child. Radiology case reports, 15(8), 1309–1312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2020.06.009
- 25.Stevens JP, Brownell JN, Freeman AJ, Bashaw H. COVID-19-Associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children presenting as acute pancreatitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020. https://doi.org/10.1097/ mpg.0000000000002860
- 26.de-Madaria, E., Capurso, G. COVID-19 and acute pancreatitis: examining the causality. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 18, 3–4 (2021).
- 27. Anand ER, Major C, Pickering O, Nelson M. Acute pancreatitis in a COVID-19 patient. Br J Surg. 2020;107:e182. doi: 10.1002/bjs.11657.
- 28. Yang JK, Feng Y, Yuan MY, Yuan SY, Fu HJ, Wu BY, Sun GZ, Yang GR, Zhang XL, Wang L, Xu X, Xu XP, Chan JC (2006) Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality and morbidity in patients with SARS. Diabet Med 23:623–628 2.
- 29. Cure E, Cumhur Cure M. COVID-19 may affect the endocrine pancreas by activating Na(þ)/H(þ) exchanger 2 and increasing lactate levels. J Endocrinol Invest 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01307-4.
- 30. Jaeckel E, Manns M, Von Herrath M. Viruses and diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002;958:7e25