Examination of Leisure Negotiation, Self-Esteem, Life Satisfaction in Participants of Campus Recreational Sports

Year 2016, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 67 - 85, 19.01.2016

Evren Tercan Kaas , Haluk Çerez

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze participation in campus recreational sport activities, leisure negotiation, self-esteem and life satisfaction in university students. Population of the study consisted of 3625 students from Akdeniz University who were attending elective physical education lectures. Sample of the study was 694 individuals with a mean age of 21.20±2.06. The questionnaire used for data collection consisted of demographic information, information about participation in recreational activities, “Leisure Negotiation Strategies Scale”, “Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale” and “Satisfaction with Life Scale”. In statistical analyses, descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation coefficient and logistic regression were used. Negative significant correlations were obtained between self-esteem scores and skill acquisition, physical fitness, financial management and leisure negotiation total mean scores showing a positive relationship between self-esteem level and these leisure negotiation strategies. Positive significant correlations were obtained between life satisfaction and all leisure negotiation strategies mean scores except time management strategies mean score. Recommendations of future research will be to inquire these relationships in different populations and making comparisons according to demographic variables.

Keywords

Campus recreation, leisure participation, leisure constraints, leisure negotiation strategies, self-esteem, life satisfaction

References

• Alexandris, K. (2013). Segmenting recreational tennis players according to their involvement level: A psychographic profile based on constraints and motivation. Managing Leisure, 18(3), 179-193. doi: 10.1080/13606719.2013.796178
• Alexandris, K., Carroll, B. (1997). Demographic differences in the perception of constraints on recreational sport participation: Results from a study in Greece. Leisure Studies 16, 107–125. DOI: 10.1080/026143697375449
• Alexandris, K., Funk, D.C., Pritchard, M. (2011). The impact of constraints on motivation, activity attachment and skier intentions to continue. Journal of Leisure Research, 43(1), 56-79.
• Alexandris, K., Kouthouris, C., Funk, D., Chatzigianni, E.(2008). Examining the relationships between leisure constraints, involvement and attitudinal loyalty among Greek recreational skiers.European Sport Management Quarterly, 8(3), 247-264. DOI:10.1080/16184740802224175
• Alexandris, K., Kouthouris, C., Funk, D., Tziouma, O. (2013). The use of negotiation strategies among recreational participants with different involvement levels: The case of recreational swimmers, Leisure Studies. 32(3), 299-317. DOI: 10.1080/02614367.2012.660189
• Alexandris, K., Kouthouris, C., Girgolas, G. (2007). Investigating the relationships among motivation, negotiation and Alpine skiing participation. Journal of Leisure Research, 39(4), 646-667.
• Anaza, E., McDowell, J. (2013).An investigation of constraints restricting urban Nigerian women from participating in recreational sport activities. Journal of Leisure Research, 45(3), 324-344.
• Andronikidis, A., Vassiliadis, C.A., Priporas, C., Kamenidou, I. (2006). Examining leisure constraints for ski centre visitors: Implications for services marketing. Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, 15(4), 69-86.
• Astin, A.W. (1999). Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education. Journal of College Student Development, 40(5), 518-529.
• Beggs, B.A., Elkins, D.J., Powers, S. (2005). Overcoming barriers to participation in campus recreational sports.Recreational Sport Journal, 29,143-155.
• Belch, H.A, Gebel, M., Maas, G.M. (2001). Relationship between student recreation complex use, academic performance and persistence of first-time freshmen. NASPA Journal, 38(2), 69-86.
• Bloland, P.A. (1987). Leisure as a campus resource for fostering student development.Journal of Counseling and Development, 65, 291-294.
• Boo, S., Carruthers, C.P., Busser, J.A. (2014). The constraints experienced and negotiation strategies attempted by nonparticipants of a festival event. Journal of Travel&Tourism Marketing, 31(2), 269-285. DOI: 10.1080/10548408.2014.873317.
• Brown, B.A., Frankel, B.G. (1993). Activity through the years: Leisure, leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction. Sociology of Sport Journal, 10: 1-17.
• Brown, P.R., Brown, W.J., Miller, Y.D., Hansen, V.H. (2001).Perceived constraints and social support for active leisure among mothers with young children. Leisure Sciences, 23, 131-144.
• Carroll, B., Alexandris, K. (1997). Perception of constraints and strength of motivation: Their relation to recreational sport participation. Journal of Leisure Research, 29, 279-299.
• Casper, J., Bocarro, J.N., Kanters, M.A., Floyd, M.F. (2011). “Just let me play ”- Understanding constraints that limit adolescent sport participation. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 8 (Suppl 1), S32-S39.
• Cheng, S-T, Stier, W.F., Kim, C., Xu, B-L, Koshimizu, E., Koozechian, H. (1995). A comparison of recreational sports and leisure time participation of college/university students in China, Japan, Korea, Iran, the United States and Canada –with students in the Republic of China (Taiwan). Recreational Sports Journal, 28, 60-75.
• Crawford, D.W., Godbey, G. (1987). Reconceptualizing barriers to family leisure. Leisure Sciences, 9,119-127.
• Crawford, D.W., Jackson, E.L., Godbey, G. (1991). A hierarchal model of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 13, 309-320.
• Cuhadaroglu, F. (1986). Self-esteem in adolescents. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis. Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
• Diener, E., Emmons, R., Larsen, R., Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75.
• Dionigi, R. (2006). Competitive sport as leisure in later life: Negotiations, discourse and aging. Leisure Sciences, 28, 181-196. DOI: 10.1080/01490400500484081
• Dixon, M.A. (2009). From their perspective: A qualitative examination of physical activity and sport programming DOI:10.1016/j.smr.2008.09.002 working mothers, Sport Management Review, 12, 34–48.
• Dong, E., Chick, G. (2012) Leisure constraints in six Chinese cities.Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 34(5), 417-435. DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2012.714702
• Elkins, D.J.(2004). Levels of perceived constraint: A comparative analysis of negotiation strategies in campus recreational sports. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Indiana University, Indiana.
• Elkins, D.J., Beggs, B.A., Choutka, E. (2007).The contribution of constraint negotiation to the leisure satisfaction of college students in campus recreational sports. Recreational Sports Journal, 2007, 31, 107-118
• Elkins, D.J., Forrester, S.A., Noel-Elkins, A.V. (2011). The contribution of campus recreational sports participation to perceived sense of campus community. Recreational Sports Journal, 35, 24-34.
• Ellis, G.D., Compton, D.M., Tyson, B., Bohlig, M. (2002).Campus recreation participation, health and quality of life. Recreational Sports Journal, 26, 2, 51-60.
• Fendt, L.S., Wilson, E. (2012). I just push through the barriers because I live for surfing: How women negotiate their constraints to surf tourism. Annals of Leisure Research, 15(1), 4-8.
• Gadbois, S., Bowker, A. (2007). Gender differences in the relationships between extracurricular activities participation, self-description and domain-specific and general self-esteem. Sex Roles, 56, 675-689.
• Gibbison, G.A., Henry, T.L., Perkins-Brown, J. (2011). The chicken soup effect: The role of recreation and intramural participation in boosting freshman grade point average. Economics of Education Review, 30, 247-257.
• Godbey, G., Crawford, D.W., Shen, X.S. (2010).Assessing hierarchical leisure constraints theory after two decades, Journal of Leisure Research, 42, 1, 111-134.
• Haines, D.J. (2001). Undergraduate student benefits from university recreation. NIRSA Journal, 25, 25-33.
• Harrole, M.G., Floyd, M.F., Casper, J.M., Kelley, K.E., Bruton, C.M. (2013).Physical activity constraints among Latinos, identifying clusters and acculturation differences.Journal of Leisure Research, 45, 1, 74-90.
• Hawkins, B.A., Peng, J., Hsieh, C-M, Eklund, S.J. (1999). Leisure constraints: A replication and extension of construct development.Leisure Sciences, 21, 179-192.
• Henchy, A. (2011). The influence of campus recreation beyond the gym. Recreational Sport Journal, 35, 174- 181.
• Henchy, A. (2013). The perceived benefits of participating in campus recreation programs and facilities: A comparison between undergraduate and graduate students. Recreational Sports Journal, 37, 97-105.
• Huang, C.Y., Carleton, B. (2003).The relationships among leisure participation, leisure satisfaction, and life satisfaction of college students in Taiwan, Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 1(2), 129-132.
• Hubbard, J., Mannell, R.C. (2001).Testing competing models of the leisure constraint negotiation process in a corporate employee recreation setting. Leisure Sciences, 23, 145-163.
• Hudson, S., Walker, G.J., Simpson, B., Hinch, T. (2013).The influence of ethnicity and self-construal on leisure constraints. 10.1080/01490400.2013.761906. Sciences: An
• Interdisciplinary Journal, 35(2), 145-166. DOI:
• Huesman, R.L., Brown, A.K., Lee, G., Kellogg, J.P., Radcliffe P.M. (2009). Gym bags and motorboards: Is use of campus recreational facilities related to student success? National Association of Student Personnel Administrators (NASPA) Journal, 46(1), 50-71.
• Irving, H.R., Giles, A.R. (2011). Examining the child’s impacts on single mothers’ leisure.Leisure Studies, 30(3) 365-373 DOI: 10.1080/02614361003716974.
• Jackson, E.L., Crawford, D.W., Godbey, G. (1993).Negotiation of leisure constraints.Leisure Sciences, 15, 1-11.
• Jackson, E.L., Rucks, V.C. (1995). Negotiation of leisure constraints by junior-high and high-school students: An exploratory study. Journal of Leisure Research,27, 85-105.
• Kanters, M.A. (2000). Recreational sport participation as a moderator of college stress. NIRSA Journal, 24(2), 10-23.
• Kasim, A., Dzakiria, H. (2001). Influence of recreation on education aspiration. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 6(2), 53-64.
• Koca, C., Henderson, K.A., Asci, F.H., Bulgu, N. (2009). Constraints to leisure-time physical activity and negotiation strategies in Turkish women. Journal of Leisure Research, 41(2), 225-251.
• Koker, S. (1991). Comparison of Life Satisfaction between normal and problematical adolescents. Unpublished Master Thesis. Ankara University, Ankara
• Li, M.Z., Stodolska, M. (2007). Working for a dream and living for the future: Leisure constraints and negotiation strategies among Chinese international graduate students. Leisure/Loisir, 31(1), 105-132. DOI: 10.1080/14927713.2007.9651375
• Lindsey, R., Sessoms, E. (2006). Assessment of a campus recreation program on student recruitment, retention and frequency of participation across certain demographic variables. Recreational Sports Journal, 30, 30-39.
• Loucks-Atkinson, A., Mannell, R.C. (2007). Role of self-efficacy in the constraints negotiation process: The case of individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome. Leisure Sciences, 29, 19-36.
• Lyu, S.O., Oh, C-O, Lee, H. (2013).The influence of extraversion on leisure constraints negotiation process, a case of Korean people with disabilities. Journal of Leisure Research, 45(2), 233-252.
• Ma, S-M, Tan, Y., Ma, S-C. (2012). Testing a structural model of psychological well-being, leisure negotiation and leisure participation with Taiwanese college students. Leisure Sciences, 34, 55-71.
• McQuarrie, F., Jackson, E.L. (1996). Connections between negotiation of leisure constraints and serious leisure: An exploratory study of adult amateur ice skaters. LoisiretSociété / Society and Leisure, 19(2), 459- 483. DOI: 10.1080/07053436.1996.10715528
• Miller, K.H., Noland, M., Rayens, M.K. & Staten, R. (2008). Characteristics of users and nonusers of a campus recreation center.Recreational Sports Journal, 32, 87-96.
• Nimrod, G. (2007). Retirees’ leisure: Activities, benefits, and their contribution to life satisfaction. Leisure Studies, 26(1), 65-80.
• Palen, L-A, Patrick, M.E., Gleeson, S.L., Caldwell, L.L., Smith, E.A., Wegner, L., Flisher A.J. (2010). Leisure constraints for adolescents in Cape Town, South Africa: A qualitative study. Leisure Sciences, 32, 434–452. DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2010.510975
• Ridinger, L.L.,Funk, D.C., Jordan, J.S., Kaplandion, K.(2012). Marathons for the masses: Exploring the role of negotiation-efficacy and involvement on running Journal of Leisure Research, 44(2), 155-178.
• Rodriguez,A, Latkova, P., Sun, Y-Y, (2008). The relationship between leisure and life satisfaction: Application of activity and need theory. Social Indicators Research, 86, 163–175.
• Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
• Son, J.S., Kersttetter, D.L., Mowen, A.J. (2008). Do age and gender matter in the constraint negotiation of physically active leisure?Journal of Leisure Research, 40(2), 267-289.
• Son, J.S., Mowen, A.J., Kerstetter, D.L. (2008). Testing alternative leisure constraint negotiation models: An extension of Hubbard and Mannell’s study. Leisure Sciences, 30, 198-216.
• Stanis, S.A.W., Schneider, I.E., Russell, K.C. (2009).Leisure time physical activity of park visitors: Retesting constraint models in adoption and maintenance stages. Leisure Sciences, 31, 287–304. DOI: 10.1080/01490400902837886.
• Stanis, S.A.W., Schneider, I.E., Pereira, M.A. (2010). Parks and health: Differences in constraints and negotiation strategies for park-based leisure time physical activity
• Sumbuloglu, K., Sumbuloglu, V. (1995). Biyoistatistik(Biostatistics), Ankara: Özdemir Yayıncılık, 6. Baskı.
• Sahin, A. (2013), The effect of text types on reading comprehension. Mevlana International Journal of Education (MIJE), 3(2), 57-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13054/mije.13.27.3.2
• Tercan, E. (2014). Perceived Social Support from Family, Participation in Recreational Sport Activities, Leisure Negotiation and Life Satisfaction in University Students. Mevlana International Journal of Education (MIJE), 4(1), 260-273 http://dx.doi.org/10.13054/mije.13.82.4.1
• Todd, M.K., Cayszczon, G., Carr, J.W., Pratt, C. (2009).Comparison of health and academic indices between campus recreation facility users and nonusers. Recreation Sport Journal, 33, 43-53.
• Wood, L., Danylchuk, K. (2012). Constraints and negotiation processes in a women’s recreational sport group. Journal of Leisure Research, 44, 4, 463-485.
• Yerlisu Lapa, T. (2012). Leisure negotiation strategies scale, validity and reliability study for university students. 12th International Sport Sciences Congress, Denizli, Turkey.
• Yerlisu Lapa, T.(2014). Leisure negotiation strategies scale, validity and reliability study for university students. South African Journal for Research in Spot, Physical Education and Recreation, 36(3), 201-215.
• Yigiter, K., Bayazit, B. (2013).Impact of the recreational physical activities on university students’ problem- solving skills and self-esteem in Turkey, European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(3), 424-429.
• Young, S.J., Ross, C.M., Barcelona, R.J. (2003).Perceived constraints by college students to participation in campus recreational sports programs.Recreational Sports Journal, 27 (2), 47-62.
• Yusof, A., Shah, P.M. (2007). Sport participation constraints of Malaysian University students.The International Journal of the Humanities, 5(3), 189-195.