The Relationship between Physical Activity and Quality of life during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case of Female and Male Physical Education Teachers

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 1 - 20, 30.12.2021

Berna Özcan , Leyla Saraç

https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.979254

Cited By: 3

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the physical education teachers’ leisure-time physical activity levels during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact level of the COVID-19 pandemic on their quality of life. A total of 155 physical education teachers, with an average age of 42.39, participated in the research. To collect data, the Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire and the COVID-19 Impact on Quality of Life Scale were used in the study. The results obtained in the research showed that the mean score of COVID-19 impact on teachers’ quality of life is 3.30 (minimum 1; maximum 5). This score on the scale showed that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the quality of life of teachers, above the average. The research findings showed that there was statistically no significant difference between the leisure-time physical activity levels of male and female physical education teachers and the level of impact of COVID-19 on teachers’ quality of life. It was also found that there was a negative significant relationship between teachers’ leisure-time physical activity level during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact level of COVID-19 on the teachers’ quality of life and that as the teachers’ leisure-time physical activity level increases, the negative impact of COVID-19 on their quality of life decreases. As a result, in this study, the associated role of physical activity in reducing the effects of factors that negatively affect the quality of life of individuals, including the COVID-19 pandemic, was revealed.

Keywords

physical education, teacher, COVID-19, quality of life, physical activity.

Supporting Institution

NONE

References

• Al Dhaheri, A. S., Bataineh, M. A. F., Mohamad, M. N., Ajab, A., Al Marzouqi, A., Jarrar, A. H., ... & Cheikh Ismail, L. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life: Is there any effect? A cross-sectional study of the MENA region. PloS One, 16(3), e0249107.
• Alfawaz, H., Yakout, S. M., Wani, K., Aljumah, G. A., Ansari, M. G., Khattak, M. N., ... & Al-Daghri, N. M. (2021). Dietary intake and mental health among Saudi adults during COVID-19 lockdown. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1653.
• Alzahrani, H., Alshehri, F., Alsufiany, M., Allam, H. H., Almeheyawi, R., Eid, M. M., & Sadarangani, K. P. (2021). Impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic on health-related quality of life and psychological status: The role of physical activity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 3992.
• Amini, H., Habibi, S., Islamoglu, A. H., Isanejad, E., Uz, C., & Daniyari, H. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic-induced physical inactivity: The necessity of updating the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 26(1), 1-3.
• Ammar, A., Brach, M., Trabelsi, K., Chtourou, H., Boukhris, O., Masmoudi, L., ... & Hoekelmann, A. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 home confinement on eating behaviour and physical activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. Nutrients, 12(6), 1583.
• Anokye, N. K., Trueman, P., Green, C., Pavey, T. G., & Taylor, R. S. (2012). Physical activity and health related quality of life. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 1-8.
• Antoun, J., Brown, D. J., Jones, D. J., Sangala, N. C., Lewis, R. J., Shepherd, A. I., ... & Saynor, Z. L. (2021). Understanding the impact of initial COVID-19 restrictions on physical activity, wellbeing, and quality of life in shielding adults with end-stage renal disease in the United Kingdom dialysing at home versus in-centre and their experiences with telemedicine. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 3144.
• Atakan, M. M., Aktitiz, S., & Kayhan, M. (2021). COVID-19 versus physical inactivity–a self-reported questionnaire study. Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine, 56(2), 67-72.
• Avalos-Ramos, M. A., Ruiz, M. Á. M., & Merma-Molina, G. (2020). The image of physical education teachers held by students from two universities. Journal of Physical Education, 31, e3141.
• Bas, D., Martin, M., Pollack, C., & Venne, R. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on sport, physical activity, and well-being and its effects on social development. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Retrieved on January 8, 2021, from https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wpcontent/uploads/sites/22/2020/05/PB_73.Pdf
• Berk, Y., Öner, S., & Sarıkaya, M. (2021). Investigation of the effect of physical activity on the quality of life and mood during COVID-19 pandemia process. Journal of ROL Sports Science, 2(2), 52-64.
• Bize, R., Johnson, J. A., & Plotnikoff, R. C. (2007). Physical activity level and health-related quality of life in the general adult population: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 45(6), 401-415.
• Bradford, B. D., Hickson, C. N., & Evaniew, A. K. (2014). Role modeling: The forgotten part of elementary school physical education. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 14(5), 18-23.
• Bulguroğlu, H. İ., Bulguroğlu, M., & Özaslan, A. (2021). Investigation of physical activity, quality of life, and depression levels of university students during the Covid-19 pandemic process. Acıbadem University Health Sciences Journal, 12(2), 306-311.
• Caputo, E. L., & Reichert, F. F. (2020). Studies of physical activity and COVID-19 during the pandemic: A scoping review. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 17(12), 1275-1284.
• Castañeda-Babarro, A., Arbillaga-Etxarri, A., Gutiérrez-Santamaría, B., & Coca, A. (2020). Physical activity change during COVID-19 confinement. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6878.
• Cheung, P. (2020). Teachers as role models for physical activity: Are preschool children more active when their teachers are active?. European Physical Education Review, 26(1), 101-110.
• Ciddi, K. P., & Yazgan, E. (2020). The effect of physical activity status on quality of life during social isolation in Covid-19 epidemic. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Covid-19 Sosyal Bilimler Özel Sayısı, 262-279.
• Cihan E, & Şahbaz Pirinççi, C. (2020). Life quality relationship of young population with physical activity level and depression level in COVID19 pandemic period. Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi, 1(COVID-19 Özel sayı), 41-53.
• Cruickshank, V., Pill, S., & Mainsbridge, C. (2021). 'Just do some physical activity': Exploring experiences of teaching physical education online during Covid-19. Issues in Educational Research, 31(1), 76-93.
• Dunton, G. F., Wang, S. D., Do, B., & Courtney, J. (2020). Early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity locations and behaviors in adults living in the United States. Preventive Medicine Reports, 20, 101241.
• Epifanio, M. S., Andrei, F., Mancini, G., Agostini, F., Piombo, M. A., Spicuzza, V., ... & La Grutta, S. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures on quality of life among Italian general population. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(2), 289.
• Erdogan, R., Yilmaz, M., & Aydemir, I. (2021). Determination of physical education and sports teachers' nutrition habits and physical activity levels in the global epidemic (COVID-19) process. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 7(1), 51-59.
• Ferreira, L. N., Pereira, L. N., da Fé Brás, M., & Ilchuk, K. (2021). Quality of life under the COVID-19 quarantine. Quality of Life Research, 30(5), 1389-1405.
• Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., Hyun, H. H. (2011). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (Eighth Edit). United State of America: Mc Graw Hill Companies, Inc.
• Ghozy, S., Abdelaal, A., Shah, J., Parker, K. E., & Islam, S. M. S. (2021). COVID-19 and physical inactivity: Teetering on the edge of a deadlier pandemic?. Journal of Global Health, 11, 1-3.
• Gill, D. L., Hammond, C. C., Reifsteck, E. J., Jehu, C. M., Williams, R. A., Adams, M. M., ... & Shang, Y. T. (2013). Physical activity and quality of life. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 46(Suppl 1), S28.
• Giuntella, O., Hyde, K., Saccardo, S., & Sadoff, S. (2021). Lifestyle and mental health disruptions during COVID-19. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(9), e2016632118.
• Godin, G., & Shephard, R.J. (1997). Godin leisure-time exercise questionnaire. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(Supplement), 36-38.
• Gouveia, B. R., Ihle, A., Kliegel, M., Freitas, D. L., & Gouveia, É. R. (2019). Sex differences in relation patterns between health-related quality of life of older adults and its correlates: A population-based cross-sectional study in Madeira, Portugal. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 20(e54), 1-5.
• Guillasper, J., Oducado, R. M., & Soriano, G. (2021). Protective role of resilience on COVID-19 impact on the quality of life of nursing students in the Philippines. Belitung Nursing Journal, 7(1), 43-49.
• Haleem, A., Javaid, M., & Vaishya, R. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 pandemic in daily life. Current Medicine Research and Practice, 10(2), 78-79.
• Hall-López, J. A. (2020). Physical activity levels in physical education teachers before and during school suspension brought by the COVID-19 quarantine. Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport, 18(2), 475-481.
• Jadoo, S. A. A. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide typical biopsychosocial crisis. Journal of Ideas in Health, 3(2), 152-154.
• Kalaycı, M., Güleroğlu, F., Gönültaş, B., & Kalaycı, M. C. (2021). The importance of physical activity and exercise in Covid-19 pandemic. The Journal of GERMENICA Physical Education and Sports Science, 2(1), 31-40.
• Kasar, K. S., & Karaman, E. (2021). Life in lockdown: Social isolation, loneliness and quality of life in the elderly during the COVİD-19 pandemic: A scoping review. Geriatric Nursing, S0197, 4572.
• Khan, A. G., Kamruzzaman, M., Rahman, M. N., Mahmood, M., & Uddin, M. A. (2021). Quality of life in the COVID-19 outbreak: Influence of psychological distress, government strategies, social distancing, and emotional recovery. Heliyon, 7(3), e06407.
• Khodami, M. A., Seif, M. H., Koochakzadeh, R. S., Fathi, R., & Kaur, H. (2021, February). Perceived stress, emotion regulation and quality of life during the Covid-19 outbreak: A multi-cultural online survey. Annales Médico-Psychologiques, 3044, 1-5.
• Lipskaya-Velikovsky, L. (2021). COVID-19 isolation in healthy population in Israel: Challenges in daily life, mental health, resilience, and quality of life. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 999.
• López-Bueno, R., Calatayud, J., Andersen, L. L., Balsalobre-Fernández, C., Casaña, J., Casajús, J. A., ... & López-Sánchez, G. F. (2020). Immediate impact of the COVID-19 confinement on physical activity levels in Spanish adults. Sustainability, 12(14), 5708.
• López-Valenciano, A., Suárez-Iglesias, D., Sanchez-Lastra, M. A., & Ayán, C. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on university students' physical activity levels: An early systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 624567.
• Lu, C., Barrett, J., & Lu, O. (2020). Teaching Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) online: Challenges and solutions. Brock Education: A Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 29(2), 13-17.
• Marquez, D. X., Aguiñaga, S., Vásquez, P. M., Conroy, D. E., Erickson, K. I., Hillman, C., ... & Powell, K. E. (2020). A systematic review of physical activity and quality of life and well-being. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 10(5), 1098-1109.
• McCarthy, H., Potts, H. W., & Fisher, A. (2021). Physical activity behavior before, during, and after COVID-19 restrictions: Longitudinal Smartphone-Tracking Study of adults in the United Kingdom. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(2), e23701.
• McKenzie, T. L., & Lounsbery, M. A. (2013). Physical education teacher effectiveness in a public health context. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 84(4), 419-430.
• Melo-Oliveira, M. E., Sá-Caputo, D., Bachur, J. A., Paineiras-Domingos, L. L., Sonza, A., Lacerda, A. C., ... & Bernardo-Filho, M. (2021). Reported quality of life in countries with cases of COVID19: A systematic review. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 15(2), 213-220.
• Mercier, K., Centeio, E., Garn, A., Erwin, H., Marttinen, R., & Foley, J. (2021). Physical education teachers’ experiences with remote instruction during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 40(2), 337-342.
• Mertens, G., Gerritsen, L., Duijndam, S., Salemink, E., & Engelhard, I. (2020). Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74, 102258.
• Meyer, J., McDowell, C., Lansing, J., Brower, C., Smith, L., Tully, M., & Herring, M. (2020). Changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior in response to COVID-19 and their associations with mental health in 3052 US adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6469.
• Ministry of National Health (2014). Turkish Physical Activity Guide [Türkiye Fiziksel Aktivite Rehberi]. Ministry of National Health, General Directorate of Public Health. Obezite, Diyabet ve Metabolik Hastalıklar Daire Başkanlığı. Retrieved from https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/Fiziksel_Aktivite_Rehberi/Turkiye_Fiziksel_Aktivite_Rehberi.pdf
• Morimoto, T., Oguma, Y., Yamazaki, S., Sokejima, S., Nakayama, T., & Fukuhara, S. (2006). Gender differences in effects of physical activity on quality of life and resource utilization. Quality of Life Research, 15(3), 537-546.
• Morphy, L. Y., & Goodwin, D. L. (2012) The experience of choice in physical activity contexts for adults with mobility impairments. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 29(2), 132-150.
• Orlandi, M., Rosselli, M., Pellegrino, A., Boddi, M., Stefani, L., Toncelli, L., & Modesti, P. A. (2021). Gender differences in the impact on physical activity and lifestyle in Italy during the lockdown, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31(7), 2173-2180.
• Ozdemir, F., Cansel, N., Kizilay, F., Guldogan, E., Ucuz, I., Sinanoglu, B., ... & Cumurcu, H. B. (2020). The role of physical activity on mental health and quality of life during COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 40, 101248.
• Polet, J., Hassandra, M., Lintunen, T., Laukkanen, A., Hankonen, N., Hirvensalo, M., ... & Hagger, M. S. (2019). Using physical education to promote out-of-school physical activity in lower secondary school students–A randomized controlled trial protocol. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1-15.
• Pucci, G. C. M. F., Rech, C. R., Fermino, R. C., & Reis, R. S. (2012). Association between physical activity and quality of life in adults. Revista de Saúde Pública, 46, 166-179.
• Puccinelli, P. J., da Costa, T. S., Seffrin, A., de Lira, C. A. B., Vancini, R. L., Nikolaidis, P. T., ... & Andrade, M. S. (2021). Reduced level of physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic is associated with depression and anxiety levels: An internet-based survey. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1-11.
• Qi, M., Li, P., Moyle, W., Weeks, B., & Jones, C. (2020). Physical activity, health-related quality of life, and stress among the Chinese adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6494.
• Rabacal, J., Oducado, R. M., & Tamdang, K. (2020). COVID-19 impact on the quality of life of teachers: A cross-sectional study. Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research, 8(4), 478-492.
• Rahman, M. E., Islam, M. S., Bishwas, M. S., Moonajilin, M. S., & Gozal, D. (2020). Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors in the Bangladeshi population during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online cross-sectional survey. Heliyon, 6(10), e05392.
• Raiola, G., Aliberti, S., Esposito, G., Altavilla, G., D'Isanto, T., & D'Elia, F. (2020). How has the practice of physical activity changed during the covid-19 quarantine? A preliminary survey. Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ, 20(4), 242-247.
• Ravens-Sieberer, U., Kaman, A., Erhart, M., Devine, J., Schlack, R., & Otto, C. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life and mental health in children and adolescents in Germany. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Ahead of Print, 1-11.
• Repišti, S., Jovanović, N., Kuzman, M. R., Medved, S., Jerotić, S., Ribić, E., ... & Russo, M. (2020). How to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life: COV19-QoL–the development, reliability, and validity of a new scale. Global Psychiatry, 3(2), 201-210.
• Samlani, Z., Lemfadli, Y., Errami, A. A., Oubaha, S., & Krati, K. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life and well-being in Morocco. Archives of Community Medicine and Public Health, 6(2), 130-134.
• Slimani, M., Paravlic, A., Mbarek, F., Bragazzi, N. L., & Tod, D. (2020). The relationship between physical activity and quality of life during the confinement induced by COVID-19 outbreak: A pilot study in Tunisia. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1882.
• Sümen, A., & Adibelli, D. (2021). Adaptation of the COV19-QoL Scale to Turkish culture: Its psychometric properties in diagnosed and undiagnosed individuals. Death Studies, Ahead of Print, 1-8.
• Sánchez-Sánchez, E., Ramírez-Vargas, G., Avellaneda-López, Y., Orellana-Pecino, J. I., García-Marín, E., & Díaz-Jimenez, J. (2020). Eating habits and physical activity of the Spanish population during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Nutrients, 12(9), 2826.
• Stockwell, S., Trott, M., Tully, M., Shin, J., Barnett, Y., Butler, L., ... & Smith, L. (2021). Changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: A systematic review. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 7(1), e000960.
• Theis, N., Campbell, N., De Leeuw, J., Owen, M., Schenke, K. C. (2021). The effects of COVID-19 restrictions on physical activity and mental health of children and young adults with physical and/or intellectual disabilities. Disability and Health Journal, 14(3), 101064.
• Tison, G. H., Avram, R., Kuhar, P., Abreau, S., Marcus, G. M., Pletcher, M. J., & Olgin, J. E. (2020). Worldwide effect of COVID-19 on physical activity: A descriptive study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 173(9), 767-770.
• Tural, E. (2020). The effect of physical activity level on the quality of life in COVID-19 pandemic period home quarantine. Van Health Sciences Journal, 13(Special Issue), 18-26.
• Tunç, A. Ç., Zorba, E., ve Çingöz, Y. E. (2020). The effect of exercise on quality of life in the period of pandemic (Covid 19). International Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies, 6(1), 127-135.
• Varea, V., González-Calvo, G., & García-Monge, A. (2020). Exploring the changes of physical education in the age of Covid-19. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, Ahead of Print, 1-11.
• Vagetti, G. C., Barbosa, V. C., Moreira, N. B., Oliveira, V. D., Mazzardo, O., & Campos, W. D. (2014). Association between physical activity and quality of life in the elderly: A systematic review, 2000-2012. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 36, 76-88.
• Vitorino, L. M., Júnior, G. H. Y., Gonzaga, G., Dias, I. F., Pereira, J. P. L., Ribeiro, I. M. G., ... & Trzesniak, C. (2021). Factors associated with mental health and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. BJPsych Open, 7(3), E103.
• Wang, X., Lei, S. M., Le, S., Yang, Y., Zhang, B., Yao, W., ... & Cheng, S. (2020). Bidirectional influence of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on health behaviors and quality of life among Chinese adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15), 5575.
• World Health Organization [WHO] (2020). WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/337001/9789240014886-eng.pdf
• World Health Organization (2021). High rates of childhood obesity alarming given anticipated impact of COVID-19 pandemic. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Retrieved from https://www.euro.who.int/en/media-centre/sections/press-releases/2021/high-rates-of-childhood-obesity-alarming-given-anticipated-impact-of-COVID-19-pandemic
• Yerlisu-Lapa, T., & Yağar, G. (2015, 28-30 May). Validity and reliability study of leisure time exercise questionnaire into Turkish [Oral Presentation]. 2nd international Sports Science, Tourism and Recreation Student Congress, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon.
• Yıldırım, M., Akyol, A., & Ersoy, G. (2008). Şişmanlık (Obezite) ve Fiziksel Aktivite, Enerji Dengesinin Aktivite Yönüne Bir Bakış. Klasmat Yayınevi, Ankara.