Biographies of gina-musiki teachers in İstanbul Maarif Registers (1894-1931)

Year 2020, , 2412 - 2443, 28.12.2020

Nuri Güçtekin

https://doi.org/10.12975/pp2412-2443

Abstract

The three-volume work entitled Maariften Milli Eğitime İstanbul Sicilleri (Istanbul Registries from Maarift to National Education) (1878-1965), which was addressed based on the Ottoman register files of 627 personnel in the Zeytinburnu Registry Archive of Istanbul Directorate of National Education, also constitutes the first bibliography published for educators.

In this study, the biographies of 23 educators, who were employed in public service as Gınâ, Gınâ-Mûsikî, or Mûsikî teachers in official and general education institutions at the primary, secondary, and high school levels in Istanbul during the last period of the Ottoman Empire and the first decade of the Republic, were included based on the work published. With new documents, information, and findings, it was attempted to contribute to the literature on the History of Turkish Music and Gınâ/Mûsikî education in schools.

The primary education institution of the Ottoman Empire in the classical period was madrasahs. Madrasahs that were successful during the establishment and development periods played a significant role in the Ottoman Empire becoming a world state. In addition to administrators’ preferences for Western education institutions, the inadequacy of madrasahs that could not produce alternatives while new expansions were made in the European model and their failure to keep their former positions played a significant role in the Tanzimat period during which the Ottoman Empire was subjected to European-style reforms. This process resulted in the opening of European-style institutions at the university level and primary, secondary, and high school levels. In a sense, the fall of madrasahs caused the Ottoman Empire to become a state that could not renew its institutions within the framework of its civilization and that established new institutions by importing from elsewhere. The biographies of a total of 23 Gınâ/Mûsikî course teachers consisting of 6 males and 17 females, who worked under the name of Gınâ, Mûsikî and sometimes Gınâ/Mûsikî teachers at different times in official and private education institutions in Istanbul, were discussed. The registration number, gender, place of birth, father’s occupation, age at the start of service when involved in public service, graduation, name of the course for which certificate was received, branch in the institution to which they were appointed, military status if male, languages they spoke, date and reason for leaving office, and total service time are presented in the attached table.

The first condition to be employed in public service was to have a certificate indicating at which level Gınâ/Mûsikî lesson could be studied and practiced. It is observed that while 9 of the educators in the study had the Gınâ certificate, 2 of them had the Mûsikî-i Rûhânî First Class Teacher’s certificate, 6 of them had the Mûsikî Teaching certificate, and 6 of them received music education. They were appointed as intern teachers after being successful in the exam held in the presence of the İstanbul Vilayeti Tedrisat-ı İbtidâiye Meclisi (Istanbul Province Primary Education Council). Moreover, the certificates given as a result of the examinations of the Maarif-i Umumiye Nezareti Mûsikî Encümeni (the Ministery of Public Education Music Commission), Dersaadet Ermeni Patrikhanesi Maarif Komisyonu (Dersaadet Armenian Patriarchate Education Commission), Dârülelhan Mûsikî Encümeni (Dârülelhan Music Commission), and Şark Mûsikî Cemiyeti (Oriental Music Society) were also valid.

Keywords

history of turkish music, gınâ-mûsikî education, faize ergin, laika karabey, kirkor mehteryan, kirkor çulhayan, arif hikmet bey

İstanbul Maarif sicilleri’nde gınâ-mûsiki muallimlerine ait biyografiler (1894-1931)

Abstract

İstanbul Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’nün Zeytinburnu Sicil Arşivi’ndeki 627 personele ait Osmanlıca (eski Türkçe) sicil dosyası ışığında ele alınan Maariften Milli Eğitime İstanbul Sicilleri (1878-1965) isimli üç ciltlik eser, aynı zamanda eğitimciler için yayımlanmış ilk bibliyografya özelliğini de ihtiva etmektedir.
Bu çalışmada ise neşredilen eser ışığında, Osmanlı Devleti’nin son dönemi ile Cumhuriyetin ilk on yılına ait olmak üzere, İstanbul’daki ilk, orta ve lise kademesindeki resmî ve genel eğitim kurumlarında Gınâ, Gınâ-Mûsikî, ya da Mûsikî muallimi olarak devlet hizmetinde istihdam edilmiş olan 23 eğitimcinin biyografilerine yer verilmiştir. Yeni belge, bilgi ve bulgularla Türk Mûsikî Tarihi ve mekteplerdeki Gınâ/Mûsikî eğitimi hakkında literatüre katkı sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Keywords

Gınâ-Mûsikî Muallimi, Türk Mûsikî Tarihi, Gınâ-Mûsikî Eğitimi, Faize ERGİN, Laika KARABEY, Kirkor MEHTERYAN, Kirkor ÇULHAYAN, Arif Hikmet Bey

References

• BOA, Y.EE, 112/6, (24 C.ahir 1286/1 Eylül 1869). Personel Sicil Dosyası, No: 12, No: 20, No: 22, No: 25, No: 61, No: 65, No: 501, No: 505, No: 522, No: 536, No: 572, No: 611, No: 616, No: 624, No: 649, No: 730, No: 739, No: 759, No: 787, No: 853, No: 940, No: 957, No: 990.
• Akyıldız, A. (1993), Tanzimat Dönemi Osmanlı Merkez Teşkilatında Reform (1836-1856). İstanbul: Eren Yayınları.
• Arslan, A. (2004), “Darülfünun’dan İstanbul Üniversitesi’ne”, İstanbul Sempozyumu 2003.
• Güçtekin, N. (2015). İstanbul’daki Husûsi Mektepler (1873-1922). İstanbul: İBB Kültür AŞ.
• Güçtekin, N. (2015), “İlk Türk Mûsikî Cemiyeti: Dârülmûsikî-i Osmanî Cemiyeti (Mektebi) ve Faaliyetleri (1908-1914)”. Rast Müzikoloji Dergisi, Cilt III, Sayı 1.
• Kaçar, M. (1996), Osmanlı Devleti’nde Bilim ve Eğitim Anlayışındaki Değişmeler ve Mühendishânelerin Kuruluşu. Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilim Tarihi Anabilim Dalı.
• Özcan, N. (1999), “Ahmet Irsoy”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi, C. 19, İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları.
• Özcan, N. (2013), “Zekâi Dede” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi, C. 44, İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları.
• Özden, E. (2018), “Arşiv Belgeleriyle Dârülelhan”. Konservatoryum, C. 5, Sayı: 1.
• Şakar, M. ve Güçtekin, N. (2018), Maariften Milli Eğitime İstanbul Sicilleri (1878-1965). C. I - II, III, İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Destek Hizmetleri Yayını.
• Şentürk, N. (2001), “Musikî Muallim’den Günümüze Müzik Öğretmeni Yetiştiren Kurumlar”, G.Ü. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 21, Sayı: 2.
• Toker, H. ve Özden E. (2013), “Osmanlı Devletinde Müzik Eğitimi Veren Önemli Kurumlar”. Rast Müzikoloji Dergisi, Cilt: I, Sayı: 2.
• Darülirfan Mektebi’nin Resm-i Tevzi-i Mükâfat Cetveli. (1318/1902). İstanbul: Hanımlara Mahsûs Gazete Matbaası.
• Tedrisât-ı İbtidâiye Kanun-ı Muvakkati. (23 Eylül 1329/6 Ekim 1913), Düstûr, İkinci Tertip, C. V, s. 804-823.
• Maarif-i Umumiye Nezareti Telif ve Tercüme Dairesi, (25 Nisan 1331/8 Mayıs 1915). Mekâtib-i Sultaniye Ders Programı, İstanbul, Matbaa-i Amire. http:/www.turksanatmuzigi.org. (2017, Eylül 1).