Research Article
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Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 870 - 901, 29.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2021.4.4

Abstract

References

  • Akbaba - Altun, S. (2016). Okullarda Kriz ve Afetlerle Başetmede Uyarlanabilir Liderlik. ss. 351- 375. Ö.Erdur Baker ve T. Doğan, Afetler, Krizler, Travmalar ve Psikolojik Yardım (ikinci baskı). Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Derneği Yayını. Ankara.
  • Akbaba-Altun, S. (2001). Kaos ve yönetim. Eğitim Yönetimi, 7(28), 451-469.
  • Akbaba-Altun, S. (2004). Information technology classrooms and elementary school principles’ roles: Turkish experience. Education and Information Technologies. 9(3): 255-270
  • Akbaba-Altun, S. (2008). Okul yöneticilerinin teknolojiye karşı tutumlarının incelenmesi. Çağdaş Eğitim Dergisi. 286(1). 8-14
  • Akbaba-Altun, S. (2011). Türkiye’nin bir gerçeği olarak deprem: Deprem yaşayan okul müdürlerinin yaşantıları ve depreme ilişkin öneriler. Ankara: Maya Akademi
  • Aksoy, H.H., & Aksoy, N. (2003). Okullarda krize müdahaleplanlaması. Ankara Üniveristesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 36 1-2
  • Aksöz, I., Erdur-Baker, Ö., & Akbaba-Altun, S. (2008). Crisis Management Strategies by Turkish School Principles Following Natural Disasters. In Proc. WCCI 13th. World Conference in Education (pp. 66-80).
  • Anderson, J. B. (2008). Principals' role and public primary schools' effectiveness in four Latin American cities. The Elementary School Journal, 109(1), 36-60.
  • Behbahani, A. (2011). Educational leaders and role of education on the efficiency of schools principals. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 9-11.
  • Berg, B.L., (1998). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences, Needham Heights, MA, Allyn and Bacon.
  • Blume, F. L., Diehl, R. W., Norton, J. A., Varner, G. F., & Marshall, J. E. (1946). Duties and Responsibilities of High-School Principals and Assistant Principals. The bulletin of the National Association of Secondary School Principals, 30(142), 9-12.
  • Çiçek, A., & Özsezer, S. (2015). Liselerde Okul Yöneticilerinin Kriz Yönetme Becerileri. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 34, 1-14.
  • Cisler, A., & Bruce, M. A. (2013). Principals: What Are Their Roles and Responsibilities? Journal of School Counseling, 11(10), n10.
  • Cosner, S. (2011). Supporting the initiation and early development of evidence-based grade-level collaboration in urban elementary schools: Key roles and strategies of principals and literacy coordinators. Urban Education, 46(4), 786-827.
  • Döş, I., & Cömert, M. (2012). Öğretmen denetiminde çoklu zekâ kuramı. Turkish Journal of Education, 1(1), 38-51.
  • Elger, T. (2010), Critical realism, in A. Mills, G. Durepos and E. Wiebe (eds), Encyclopedia of Case Study Research, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, vol. 1, pp. 253-257.
  • Gardiner, M. E., & Enomoto, E. K. (2006). Urban school principals and their role as multicultural leaders. Urban Education, 41(6), 560-584.
  • Graham, J. W., (2000). Promoting civic virtue organizational citizenship behavior: Contemporary questions rooted in classical quandaries from political philosophy. Human Resource Management Review, Vol.10, Iss.1, s.71-72.
  • Grant, J. M., & Mack, D. A. (2004). Preparing for the Battle. Organizational Dynamics, 4(33), 409-425.
  • Hadjithoma‐Garstka, C. (2011). The role of the principal's leadership style in the implementation of ICT policy. British journal of educational technology, 42(2), 311-326.
  • Hayashi, C., & Soo, A. (2012). Adaptive leadership in times of crisis. Prism, 4(1), 78-86.
  • Hoerr, T. R. (2009). Principal as parachute. Educational Leadership 90-91
  • Jimerson, S. R., Brock, S. E., & Pletcher, S. W. (2005). An integrated model of school crisis preparedness and intervention: A shared foundation to facilitate international crisis intervention. School Psychology International, 26(3), 275-296.
  • Kadji-Beltran, C., Zachariou, A., & Stevenson, R. B. (2013). Leading sustainable schools: Exploring the role of primary school principals. Environmental education research, 19(3), 303-323.
  • Kindred, L. W. (1951). What Is the Principal's Responsibility for Supervision? The bulletin of the National Association of Secondary School Principals, 35(178), 15-18.
  • Kwan, P. (2011). Examining the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relation between responsibilities and career aspiration of vice-principals. International Journal of Educational Research, 50(5-6), 349-361.
  • Larsen, C., & Rieckhoff, B. S. (2014). Distributed leadership: Principals describe shared roles in a PDS. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 17(3), 304-326.
  • Lindberg, E. (2012). The power of role design: Balancing the principals’ financial responsibility with the implications of stress. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 24(2), 151-171.
  • Logsdon, J. D., & Kerensky, V. M. (1975). Introduction: The Principal's Responsibilities in Community Education. 1-4.
  • Louis, K. S., & Wahlstrom, K. (2011). Principals as cultural leaders. Phi Delta Kappan, 92(5), 52-56.
  • Marzano, R. J. (2013). The principal's role in hierarchical evaluation. Educational Leadership 82-83
  • Mestry, R., Moonsammy-Koopasammy, I., and Schmidt, M. (2013). The instructional leadership role of primary school principals. Education as Change, 17(sup1), S49-S64.
  • Mishra, S. K., & Yadav, B. (2013). Role Ability among the Middle Class Principals (Khargone (MP) India). International Journal of Education, 5(1), 156.
  • Mullen, C. A., & Hutinger, J. L. (2008). The principal's role in fostering collaborative learning communities through faculty study group development. Theory into practice, 47(4), 276-285.
  • Oplatka, I. (2013). The principal's role in promoting teachers' extra-role behaviors: Some insights from road-safety education. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 12(4), 420-439.
  • Quilici, S. B., & Joki, R. (2011). Investigating roles of online school principals. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 44(2), 141-160.
  • Sandoval, J., & Brock, S. E. (2002). School violence and disasters. Handbook of crisis counseling, intervention, and prevention in the schools, 249-272.
  • Spillane, J. P., & Lee, L. C. (2014). Novice school principals’ sense of ultimate responsibility: Problems of practice in transitioning to the principal’s office. Educational Administration Quarterly, 50(3), 431-465.
  • Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. California: Sage.
  • Telem, M. (2001). Computerization of school administration: impact on the principal’s role—a case study. Computers & Education, 37(3-4), 345-362.
  • Watkins, P. (2005). The principal's role in attracting, retaining, and developing new teachers: Three strategies for collaboration and support. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 79(2), 83-87.
  • Wegenke, G. L. (2000). Principal's role in school restructuring in the Des Moines public schools. Education and urban society, 32(4), 519-534.
  • White-Smith, K. A., & White, M. A. (2009). High school reform implementation: Principals' perceptions on their leadership role. Urban Education, 44(3), 259-279.
  • Xaba, M. I., & Nhlapo, V. A. (2014). Principals' views on challenges of their school governance roles. Africa Education Review, 11(3), 424-444.
  • Yin, R. K. (1994). Discovering the future of the case study. Method in evaluation research. Evaluation practice, 15(3), 283-290.

The Roles and Responsibilities of School Administrators during the Emergency Remote Teaching Process in Covid-19 Pandemic

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 870 - 901, 29.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2021.4.4

Abstract

When Covid 19 pandemic started, schools in Turkey, as in many parts of the World, were closed and then emergency remote teaching started. The purpose of this study is to explain the roles and responsibilities of school administrators related to emergency remote teaching after schools were closed. In order to reveal the purpose above, this research was carried out in qualitative research design. 105 school administrators from different regions of Turkey and different school levels participated the study. The data were collected through a Google Drive form with open-ended questions. The collected data were analyzed with content and descriptive analyses. The findings showed that the roles and responsibilities of the school administrators regarding emergency remote teaching included planning the process, starting online classes, opening different social media accounts, managing the online program, solving the adaptation problems of students and teachers, monitoring the actions taken and motivating teachers, students, parents; communication and finally it has been seen that they are in the act of transition to and maintaining digital management. During the Covid 19 pandemic, school administrators have mostly done “communication”. There were also changes in the communication styles of school administrators and social media tools were used effectively. The intensive use of technology in this period has caused changes in management processes and managers have mostly talked about digital management. The exhausting aspects of digital management are expressed as well as the facilitating ones. Since emergency remote teaching is not a common case in the K-12 Turkish education system, the roles and responsibilities of school administrators during such emergency periods have not been studied in national context yet. Therefore, what school administrators did in relation to remote teaching during this Covid 19 period was explored.

References

  • Akbaba - Altun, S. (2016). Okullarda Kriz ve Afetlerle Başetmede Uyarlanabilir Liderlik. ss. 351- 375. Ö.Erdur Baker ve T. Doğan, Afetler, Krizler, Travmalar ve Psikolojik Yardım (ikinci baskı). Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Derneği Yayını. Ankara.
  • Akbaba-Altun, S. (2001). Kaos ve yönetim. Eğitim Yönetimi, 7(28), 451-469.
  • Akbaba-Altun, S. (2004). Information technology classrooms and elementary school principles’ roles: Turkish experience. Education and Information Technologies. 9(3): 255-270
  • Akbaba-Altun, S. (2008). Okul yöneticilerinin teknolojiye karşı tutumlarının incelenmesi. Çağdaş Eğitim Dergisi. 286(1). 8-14
  • Akbaba-Altun, S. (2011). Türkiye’nin bir gerçeği olarak deprem: Deprem yaşayan okul müdürlerinin yaşantıları ve depreme ilişkin öneriler. Ankara: Maya Akademi
  • Aksoy, H.H., & Aksoy, N. (2003). Okullarda krize müdahaleplanlaması. Ankara Üniveristesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 36 1-2
  • Aksöz, I., Erdur-Baker, Ö., & Akbaba-Altun, S. (2008). Crisis Management Strategies by Turkish School Principles Following Natural Disasters. In Proc. WCCI 13th. World Conference in Education (pp. 66-80).
  • Anderson, J. B. (2008). Principals' role and public primary schools' effectiveness in four Latin American cities. The Elementary School Journal, 109(1), 36-60.
  • Behbahani, A. (2011). Educational leaders and role of education on the efficiency of schools principals. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 9-11.
  • Berg, B.L., (1998). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences, Needham Heights, MA, Allyn and Bacon.
  • Blume, F. L., Diehl, R. W., Norton, J. A., Varner, G. F., & Marshall, J. E. (1946). Duties and Responsibilities of High-School Principals and Assistant Principals. The bulletin of the National Association of Secondary School Principals, 30(142), 9-12.
  • Çiçek, A., & Özsezer, S. (2015). Liselerde Okul Yöneticilerinin Kriz Yönetme Becerileri. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 34, 1-14.
  • Cisler, A., & Bruce, M. A. (2013). Principals: What Are Their Roles and Responsibilities? Journal of School Counseling, 11(10), n10.
  • Cosner, S. (2011). Supporting the initiation and early development of evidence-based grade-level collaboration in urban elementary schools: Key roles and strategies of principals and literacy coordinators. Urban Education, 46(4), 786-827.
  • Döş, I., & Cömert, M. (2012). Öğretmen denetiminde çoklu zekâ kuramı. Turkish Journal of Education, 1(1), 38-51.
  • Elger, T. (2010), Critical realism, in A. Mills, G. Durepos and E. Wiebe (eds), Encyclopedia of Case Study Research, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, vol. 1, pp. 253-257.
  • Gardiner, M. E., & Enomoto, E. K. (2006). Urban school principals and their role as multicultural leaders. Urban Education, 41(6), 560-584.
  • Graham, J. W., (2000). Promoting civic virtue organizational citizenship behavior: Contemporary questions rooted in classical quandaries from political philosophy. Human Resource Management Review, Vol.10, Iss.1, s.71-72.
  • Grant, J. M., & Mack, D. A. (2004). Preparing for the Battle. Organizational Dynamics, 4(33), 409-425.
  • Hadjithoma‐Garstka, C. (2011). The role of the principal's leadership style in the implementation of ICT policy. British journal of educational technology, 42(2), 311-326.
  • Hayashi, C., & Soo, A. (2012). Adaptive leadership in times of crisis. Prism, 4(1), 78-86.
  • Hoerr, T. R. (2009). Principal as parachute. Educational Leadership 90-91
  • Jimerson, S. R., Brock, S. E., & Pletcher, S. W. (2005). An integrated model of school crisis preparedness and intervention: A shared foundation to facilitate international crisis intervention. School Psychology International, 26(3), 275-296.
  • Kadji-Beltran, C., Zachariou, A., & Stevenson, R. B. (2013). Leading sustainable schools: Exploring the role of primary school principals. Environmental education research, 19(3), 303-323.
  • Kindred, L. W. (1951). What Is the Principal's Responsibility for Supervision? The bulletin of the National Association of Secondary School Principals, 35(178), 15-18.
  • Kwan, P. (2011). Examining the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relation between responsibilities and career aspiration of vice-principals. International Journal of Educational Research, 50(5-6), 349-361.
  • Larsen, C., & Rieckhoff, B. S. (2014). Distributed leadership: Principals describe shared roles in a PDS. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 17(3), 304-326.
  • Lindberg, E. (2012). The power of role design: Balancing the principals’ financial responsibility with the implications of stress. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 24(2), 151-171.
  • Logsdon, J. D., & Kerensky, V. M. (1975). Introduction: The Principal's Responsibilities in Community Education. 1-4.
  • Louis, K. S., & Wahlstrom, K. (2011). Principals as cultural leaders. Phi Delta Kappan, 92(5), 52-56.
  • Marzano, R. J. (2013). The principal's role in hierarchical evaluation. Educational Leadership 82-83
  • Mestry, R., Moonsammy-Koopasammy, I., and Schmidt, M. (2013). The instructional leadership role of primary school principals. Education as Change, 17(sup1), S49-S64.
  • Mishra, S. K., & Yadav, B. (2013). Role Ability among the Middle Class Principals (Khargone (MP) India). International Journal of Education, 5(1), 156.
  • Mullen, C. A., & Hutinger, J. L. (2008). The principal's role in fostering collaborative learning communities through faculty study group development. Theory into practice, 47(4), 276-285.
  • Oplatka, I. (2013). The principal's role in promoting teachers' extra-role behaviors: Some insights from road-safety education. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 12(4), 420-439.
  • Quilici, S. B., & Joki, R. (2011). Investigating roles of online school principals. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 44(2), 141-160.
  • Sandoval, J., & Brock, S. E. (2002). School violence and disasters. Handbook of crisis counseling, intervention, and prevention in the schools, 249-272.
  • Spillane, J. P., & Lee, L. C. (2014). Novice school principals’ sense of ultimate responsibility: Problems of practice in transitioning to the principal’s office. Educational Administration Quarterly, 50(3), 431-465.
  • Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. California: Sage.
  • Telem, M. (2001). Computerization of school administration: impact on the principal’s role—a case study. Computers & Education, 37(3-4), 345-362.
  • Watkins, P. (2005). The principal's role in attracting, retaining, and developing new teachers: Three strategies for collaboration and support. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 79(2), 83-87.
  • Wegenke, G. L. (2000). Principal's role in school restructuring in the Des Moines public schools. Education and urban society, 32(4), 519-534.
  • White-Smith, K. A., & White, M. A. (2009). High school reform implementation: Principals' perceptions on their leadership role. Urban Education, 44(3), 259-279.
  • Xaba, M. I., & Nhlapo, V. A. (2014). Principals' views on challenges of their school governance roles. Africa Education Review, 11(3), 424-444.
  • Yin, R. K. (1994). Discovering the future of the case study. Method in evaluation research. Evaluation practice, 15(3), 283-290.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sadegül Akbaba Altun 0000-0001-5690-6088

Mustafa Bulut

Publication Date December 29, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Akbaba Altun, S., & Bulut, M. (2021). The Roles and Responsibilities of School Administrators during the Emergency Remote Teaching Process in Covid-19 Pandemic. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 6(4), 870-901. https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2021.4.4
AMA Akbaba Altun S, Bulut M. The Roles and Responsibilities of School Administrators during the Emergency Remote Teaching Process in Covid-19 Pandemic. REAL. December 2021;6(4):870-901. doi:10.30828/real/2021.4.4
Chicago Akbaba Altun, Sadegül, and Mustafa Bulut. “The Roles and Responsibilities of School Administrators During the Emergency Remote Teaching Process in Covid-19 Pandemic”. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership 6, no. 4 (December 2021): 870-901. https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2021.4.4.
EndNote Akbaba Altun S, Bulut M (December 1, 2021) The Roles and Responsibilities of School Administrators during the Emergency Remote Teaching Process in Covid-19 Pandemic. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership 6 4 870–901.
IEEE S. Akbaba Altun and M. Bulut, “The Roles and Responsibilities of School Administrators during the Emergency Remote Teaching Process in Covid-19 Pandemic”, REAL, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 870–901, 2021, doi: 10.30828/real/2021.4.4.
ISNAD Akbaba Altun, Sadegül - Bulut, Mustafa. “The Roles and Responsibilities of School Administrators During the Emergency Remote Teaching Process in Covid-19 Pandemic”. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership 6/4 (December 2021), 870-901. https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2021.4.4.
JAMA Akbaba Altun S, Bulut M. The Roles and Responsibilities of School Administrators during the Emergency Remote Teaching Process in Covid-19 Pandemic. REAL. 2021;6:870–901.
MLA Akbaba Altun, Sadegül and Mustafa Bulut. “The Roles and Responsibilities of School Administrators During the Emergency Remote Teaching Process in Covid-19 Pandemic”. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, vol. 6, no. 4, 2021, pp. 870-01, doi:10.30828/real/2021.4.4.
Vancouver Akbaba Altun S, Bulut M. The Roles and Responsibilities of School Administrators during the Emergency Remote Teaching Process in Covid-19 Pandemic. REAL. 2021;6(4):870-901.


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